Friday, 4 May 2018

BDS (Bachelor of Dental Surgery) Lecture Notes, Study Materials and Importants questions answers

B.D.S(Bachelor of Dental Surgery) 
Lecture Notes, Study Materials and Importants questions answers



zoology - (Click Here) 
Essentials of Anatomy and Physiology - (Click Here) 
Essentials of Anatomy and Physiology - (Click Here) 
Human Nervous System and Sensory Organs - (Click Here) 
Biology - (Click Here) 
The Massage Connection ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY - (Click Here) 
Biotechnology - (Click Here) 
Basic Concept of Biotechnology - (Click Here) 
Pharmaceutical Biotechnology: Fundamentals and Applications - (Click Here) 
Human Neuroanatomy(Fundamental and Clinical) - (Click Here) 
Microbiology - (Click Here) 
Introduction to Human Nutrition - (Click Here) 
Medicine and surgery: Principles and practice of medicine and surgery - (Click Here) 
Diseases of The Brain and Nervous System(A Health Education Guide) - (Click Here) 


Subject : zoology

BIODIVERSITY

  1. Biodiversity Explanation and Biodiversity in India - Answer (click here)
  2. Taxonomic systems - Answer (click here)
  3. Introduction to taxa and species - Answer (click here)
  4. Phenetic method or Numerical taxonomy and Cytotaxonomy and Chemotaxonomy and Palaeotaxonomy Explaination - Answer (click here)
  5. Nomenclature methods and Basic principles of nomenclature and Identification keys - Answer (click here)
  6. Methods of grouping animals - Answer (click here)
  7. Phylum : Protozoa, Porifera and Coelenterata or Cnidaria - Answer (click here)
  8. Phylum: Platyhelminthes - Answer (click here)
  9. Phylum : Nematoda and Annelida - Answer (click here)
  10. Phylum : Arthropoda - Answer (click here)
  11. Phylum Mollusca and Phylum Echinodermata - Answer (click here)
  12. Phylum Chordata and Diversity and General Characters of Chordates - Answer (click here)
  13. Classification of Phylum Chordata - Answer (click here)
  14. Sub phylum : Vertebrata (Craniata) and Classification of Vertebrata - Class : Pisces and Tetrapoda - Answer (click here)
  15. Class : Amphibia - sub phylum Tetrapoda - Answer (click here)
  16. Class : Amniota - Reptilia - sub phylum - Tetrapoda - Answer (click here)
  17. Class : Aves - sub phylum : Tetrapoda - Answer (click here)
  18. Class : Mammalia - Reptilia - sub phylum : Tetrapoda - Answer (click here)
  19. Monotremata, Marsupialia and Placentalia -Classification of Class : Mammalia - Reptilia - sub phylum - Tetrapoda - Answer (click here)
  20. Scientific Names of Animals - Answer (click here)
  21. Plasmodium - Answer (click here)
  22. Life cycle in the mosquito - sporogony - Answer (click here)
  23. Control of Malaria - Answer (click here)
  24. Types of Malaria - Answer (click here)
  25. Earthworm : External features , External apertures - Answer (click here)
  26. Earthworm - Body wall ,Body Cavity,Locomotion - Answer (click here)
  27. Earthworm - Digestive System, Feeding - Answer (click here)
  28. Earthworm - Circulatory System - Answer (click here)
  29. Earthworm : Excretory System - Answer (click here)
  30. Earthworm : Excretory System - Answer (click here)
  31. Earthworm : Nervous System - Answer (click here)
  32. Earthworm : Reproductive System - Answer (click here)
  33. Pigeon : External features - Answer (click here)
  34. Pigeon : The wings - Answer (click here)
  35. Pigeon : Exoskeleton , Quill feather - Answer (click here)
  36. Pigeon : Endoskeleton : Flight muscles, Pectoralis major, Pectoralis minor or subclavius, Coracobrachialis - Answer (click here)
  37. Pigeon - Digestive system - Answer (click here)
  38. Pigeon - Respiratory System - Answer (click here)
  39. Pigeon - Circulatory system and Venous system - Answer (click here)
  40. Nervous system and Sense organ of Pigeon - Answer (click here)
  41. Pigeon - Urinogenital system and Male, Female reproductive organs - Answer (click here)

CELL BIOLOGY

  1. Cell Biology - Answer (click here)
  2. Microscopy and Anton van Leeuwenhoek simple microscope - Answer (click here)
  3. Compound light, Dark field, Phase contrast, Oil - immersion and Electron microscope - Answer (click here)
  4. Cytological Techniques - Answer (click here)
  5. Plasma Membrane - Answer (click here)
  6. Mitochondria - Answer (click here)
  7. Ribosomes - Answer (click here)
  8. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) and Function of Endoplasmic Reticulum - Answer (click here)
  9. Golgi apparatus - Answer (click here)
  10. Lysosomes - Answer (click here)
  11. Centrioles - Answer (click here)
  12. Animal Nucleus or Human Nucleus - Answer (click here)
  13. Chromosomes of Animal Nucleus or Human Nucleus - Answer (click here)
  14. Cancer biology - Answer (click here)
  15. Molecular biology of cancer - Answer (click here)
  16. Types of cancer and factor causes cancer - Answer (click here)
  17. Cancer and death - Answer (click here)
  18. Management of cancer : Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy - Answer (click here)

HUMAN ANATOMY

  1. History of Human anatomy - Answer (click here)
  2. The Integumentary System - Skin and hypodermis - Answer (click here)
  3. The Integumentary System - hypodermis, Epidermis, Callus, Skin color, Hair, glands, Nails - Answer (click here)
  4. Human Skeletal System - Answer (click here)
  5. Structure of a typical long bone - Answer (click here)
  6. Skull - Human Skeletal system - Answer (click here)
  7. Vertebrae - Human Skeletal system - Answer (click here)
  8. Rib cage - Human Skeletal system - Answer (click here)
  9. Appendicular skeleton - Pectoral girdle, Pectoral girdle, Pelvic girdle or pelvis, Wrist, Hand, Leg, Ankle, Foot, Kinds of joints, Fibrous joints, Cartilaginous joints, Synovial joints - Answer (click here)
  10. Human Muscular System and Types of Muscular System - Answer (click here)
  11. Skeletal muscles - Human Muscular System - Answer (click here)
  12. Shapes of muscles and Naming of muscles - Human Muscular System - Answer (click here)
  13. Distribution of human muscles - Muscles of the human head, Muscles of the Neck region, Muscles of the Trunk region, Muscles of the upper limb, Muscles of the lower limb - Answer (click here)
  14. Human Entire Digestive system process with diagram - Mouth or Buccal cavity, Tongue, Teeth, Salivary glands, Pharynx, Stomach, Small intestine, Duodenum, Jejunum and ileum, Liver, Gall bladder, Pancreas, Caecum, Colon, Rectum, Anal canal - Answer (click here)
  15. Human Respiratory system with diagram - Nasal cavity, Pharynx, Larynx, Trachea, Lungs, Thoracic wall and muscles of respirations - Answer (click here)
  16. The Human Circulatory System - Systemic and Pulmonary circulations - Pulmonary circulation, Systemic circulation, Portal circulation - Answer (click here)
  17. Components of Human Circulatory system : Blood vessels, Types of blood vessels, The Heart - Answer (click here)
  18. The Human Heart structure with diagram - Answer (click here)
  19. Human Lymphatic system - Lymphoid cells and tissues, Thymus, Lymph nodes, Spleen, Tonsils, The lymphatic circulation - Answer (click here)
  20. The structure of a peripheral nerve : Central nervous system (C N S) Peripheral nervous system Autonomous nervous system , brain - Answer (click here)
  21. Human Brain : Prosencephalon (Fore brain), Mesencephalon (mid brain), Rhombencephalon (hind brain), Brain stem, Pachymenix, Leptomeninges - Answer (click here)
  22. The Eye - Sensory Organ - Answer (click here)
  23. Ears (The organs of hearing) - The Sensory Organ - Answer (click here)
  24. Endocrine system and glands : Pituitary gland (or) Hypophysis, thyroid, parathy roids, pancreas, adrenals, testes and ovaries - Answer (click here)
  25. Urinary system : kidneys (renes), ureters, the uri-nary bladder (vesica urinaria) and the urethra - Answer (click here)
  26. Male reproductive organs - Answer (click here)
  27. Female reproductive organs - Answer (click here)

GENETICS

  1. GENETICS - Answer (click here)
  2. Quantitive inheritance - GENETICS - Answer (click here)
  3. Genetics : Sex determination in Human beings - Answer (click here)
  4. Male haploidy or Haplo-diploidy mechanism - Answer (click here)
  5. Genetics : Sex - linked Inheritance - Answer (click here)
  6. Genetics : Pleiotropy - Answer (click here)

DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY

  1. Developmental Biology - Gametogenesis, Spermatogenesis, Oogenesis, Fertilization - Answer (click here)
  2. Types of eggs - Answer (click here)
  3. Cleavage and types - Frog's egg - Answer (click here)
  4. Gastrulation in frog embryo - Answer (click here)
  5. Organogenesis of Frog - Answer (click here)

ECONOMIC ZOOLOGY

  1. Corals - reef builders - ECONOMIC ZOOLOGY - Answer (click here)
  2. Earthworm - Vermiculture - Answer (click here)
  3. Uses and types of Beneficial Insects : Productive Insects - Honey bee, Silk worms, Lac insects. Helpful Insects : Insect - Predators - Answer (click here)
  4. Prawns, Lobsters and Crabs - ECONOMIC ZOOLOGY - Answer (click here)
  5. Pearl Oyster - Answer (click here)
  6. Fishes - Nutritive value - Answer (click here)
  7. Guano (Bird excreta) - Answer (click here)
  8. Aquarium - Setting up an aquarium tank - Answer (click here)
  9. Vivarium ( Zoo ) and List of important Zoos - Answer (click here)
  10. Disease causing organisms - Vectors : Housefly - Musca domestica, Sand flies - Phlebotomus papatasi, Rat fleas - Xenopsylla cheopis, The human louse - Pediculus humanus, Mosquitoes : Anopheles, Culex, Aedes sp - Answer (click here)
  11. Poisonous Organisms : Physalia, Scorpion, Centipede, Honey bees and Wasps, Poisonous fishes, Poisonous snakes - Answer (click here)
  12. Poisonous snakes : Cobra, Krait, Vipers, Sea Snakes and Poison Apparatus of a Snake - Answer (click here)
  13. Fouling Organisms - Answer (click here)
  14. Pests - Pests of Crops : Cotton, Paddy, Sugarcane, Vegetables, Coconut palm, Stored grains, household goods - Answer (click here)

ORIGIN OF LIFE

  1. ORIGIN OF LIFE - Theories - Answer (click here)
  2. Geological time scale : Palaeozoic era, Mesozoic era, Cenozoic era - Answer (click here)
  3. Fossils : Fossilization, Evolutionary significance of fossils, List of Important fossils - Answer (click here)
  4. Extinct animals-mass extinction : Causes and Pattern of extiniction - Answer (click here)

HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY

  1. Nutrition : Carbohydrates (Poly hydroxyaldehydes (or) ketones.), Proteins(Polypeptides), Lipids, Vitamins - Answer (click here)
  2. Carbohydrates (Poly hydroxyaldehydes (or) ketones.) - Answer (click here)
  3. Proteins(Polypeptides) - Answer (click here)
  4. Lipids - Answer (click here)
  5. Vitamins : functions of vitamins and Vitamin Deficiency Ailments - Answer (click here)
  6. Minerals, Water, Balanced diet, Calorie values, Obesity - Answer (click here)
  7. The digestive system and The process of digestion - Answer (click here)
  8. Dental Caries (Tooth decay) : Symptoms, Root Canal Treatment - Answer (click here)
  9. Peptic ulcer and Hernia : Causes of Peptic ulcer and Types of Hernia - Answer (click here)
  10. Appendicitis, Gall Stones, Hepatitis, Hernia, Peptic ulcer - Answer (click here)
  11. Types of fractures, Mechanism of fracture, Healing of Bones in fracture, Dislocation of joints, Physiotherapy and rehabilitation, Arthiritis , Orthopedics, Rickets and steomalacia - Answer (click here)
  12. Structure of a skeletal muscle, sarcomere - Answer (click here)
  13. Mechanism and Types of muscle contraction - Answer (click here)
  14. Benefits of aerobic exercise - Answer (click here)
  15. Myasthenia Gravis Muscle Disease - Answer (click here)
  16. Process of pulmonary respiration - Answer (click here)
  17. Mechanism of Human Breathing : Expiration , Inspiration - Answer (click here)
  18. Gaseous exchange in the alveoli - Answer (click here)
  19. Herring - Breuer reflex - Answer (click here)
  20. Lungs Disease : Tuberculosis (TB), Herring - Breuer reflex, Acute and Chronic Bronchitis - Answer (click here)
  21. Human Circulatory System : Functioning of Human heart - Answer (click here)
  22. Myocardial infarction : Symptoms, Causes, Risk factors - Answer (click here)
  23. Angina pectoris - Answer (click here)
  24. Angiogram : Coronary Angiography and Coronary Angioplasty - Answer (click here)
  25. Atherosclerosis, Heart block, Rheumatic Heart Disease (RHD) - Answer (click here)
  26. ICCU - (Intensive Coronary Care Unit) - Answer (click here)
  27. Blood Pressure : Intensive of hypertension - Answer (click here)
  28. Composition of plasma : Components with Functions - Answer (click here)
  29. Types of blood cells or corpuscles - Answer (click here)
  30. Human Nervous system - Answer (click here)
  31. Human brain - Answer (click here)
  32. Types of memory - Answer (click here)
  33. Types of sleep - Answer (click here)
  34. Human Brain Stroke and Brain haemorrhage - Answer (click here)
  35. Alzheimer's Disease, Meningitis (Brain fever), Conditioned reflex - Answer (click here)
  36. Right and Left Human brain concept - Answer (click here)
  37. Spinal cord functioning - Answer (click here)
  38. Functions of Endocrine glands - Answer (click here)
  39. Pituitary gland and The hormones of anterior pituitary - Answer (click here)
  40. Thyroid gland and thyroxine - Answer (click here)
  41. Human Insulin - Answer (click here)
  42. Human Glucagon - Answer (click here)
  43. Gonads : Testis and Overies - Answer (click here)
  44. Focusing Mechanism in the Human Eye - Answer (click here)
  45. Human eye : Errors of refraction - Answer (click here)
  46. Retinopathy - Human Eye Disease - Answer (click here)
  47. Human Eye : Cataract, Lens Replacement - Answer (click here)
  48. Human Eye : Glaucoma, Nyctalopia Disorder, Infections, Symptoms, Treatment - Answer (click here)
  49. EAR - Some Information - Answer (click here)
  50. Mechanism of hearing - Human Ear - Answer (click here)
  51. Defects of the Human ear - Answer (click here)
  52. Human Hearing Aid - Answer (click here)
  53. Noise pollution - Answer (click here)
  54. Human Skin and Functions of skin - Answer (click here)
  55. Functions of Human Skin Melanin - Answer (click here)
  56. Human Skin grafting and Dermatitis - Answer (click here)
  57. Human Tongue and Mechanism of Stimulation - Answer (click here)
  58. Human Excretion - Answer (click here)
  59. Mechanism of urine formation - Answer (click here)
  60. Renal Failure, Dialysis and Kidney Machines - Answer (click here)
  61. Human Kidney stone (Calculus) And Kidney transplantation - Answer (click here)
  62. Diabetes mellitus : Symptoms, Causes, prevention - Answer (click here)
  63. Functioning of male reproductive system - Answer (click here)
  64. Functioning of female reproductive system - Answer (click here)
  65. Female Menstrual cycle - 28 days - Answer (click here)
  66. In vitro fertilization (Test tube babies) and Birth control - Answer (click here)
  67. Contraception - Methods to prevention of pregnancy - Answer (click here)

MICROBIOLOGY

  1. History of Medical microbiology - Answer (click here)
  2. Structure of Viruses And Viral genetics - Answer (click here)
  3. Viral Diseases - Answer (click here)
  4. Cultivation (culture) of Animal viruses - Answer (click here)
  5. Bacterial structure And Culture - Answer (click here)
  6. Bacterial Genetics - Answer (click here)
  7. Bacterial Diseases - Answer (click here)
  8. Protozoan microbiology - Answer (click here)
  9. Larval microbiology - Answer (click here)
  10. AIDS (HIV) Structure, its control, Pathogenesis, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Control and Management - Answer (click here)

IMMUNOLOGY

  1. IMMUNOLOGY : Innate Immunity (Non-specific) And Acquired Immunity (Specific immunity) - Answer (click here)
  2. Primary Lymphoid Organ Thymus - Answer (click here)
  3. Peripheral Lymphoid Organs : Lymph nodes, Spleen - Answer (click here)
  4. Secondary Lymphoid Organs : Mucosa associated lymphoid tissues (MALT) - Answer (click here)
  5. Antibodies - Immunoglobulins, Region of polypeptide chains, Transplantation immunology - Answer (click here)
  6. Classification of grafts - Answer (click here)
  7. Immune system disorders - Answer (click here)

MODERN GENETICS

  1. Human Genetics - Karyotyping - Answer (click here)
  2. Genetic Engineering (Recombinant DNA Technology) - Answer (click here)
  3. Genetic Diseases - Answer (click here)
  4. Human Genome Project (HGP) - Answer (click here)
  5. Cloning : Differentiation, Cloning of Sheep (Mechanism), Ethical Issues, Merits and Demerits of cloning - Answer (click here)
  6. Transgenic organisms : Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs) - Answer (click here)
  7. Gene therapy - Answer (click here)
  8. Bioinformatics : Definition, History, Applications - Answer (click here)
  9. Scope of Genetic Engineering And Bioinformatics - Answer (click here)
  10. Nucleic acid, Protein sequence databases And Genome sequencing, DNA library - Answer (click here)
  11. Protein Structure, Protein Model And Uses - Answer (click here)
  12. Human population and explosion - Issues - Answer (click here)

ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE

  1. Reasons for the Explosion. Impacts Of Growing Population and Environmental - Answer (click here)
  2. Global warming : Green house effect - Answer (click here)
  3. Types of Greenhouse Gases - Answer (click here)
  4. Effects of Global warming - Answer (click here)
  5. Ozone layer depletion : Ozone hole, Preventing And Effect of Ozone depletions - Answer (click here)
  6. Waste management - Answer (click here)
  7. Waste management : Classification of wastes - Answer (click here)
  8. Management of hazardous wastes - Answer (click here)
  9. Management of non-hazardous wastes- Solid Waste Management - Answer (click here)
  10. Biodiversity conservation (Biosphere reserves) Government and non Governmental organizations - Answer (click here)
  11. Energy crisis and its environmental impact - Answer (click here)
  12. Steps to be taken to resolve energy crisis - Answer (click here)
  13. Environmental impacts : Thermal, Hydel, Nuclear Power, Solar energy, Fossil fuels - Answer (click here)
  14. Poverty and Environmental : issues, alleviation - Answer (click here)
  15. Fresh water crisis and management - Answer (click here)
  16. Freshwater resources - Answer (click here)
  17. Freshwater shortages - Answer (click here)
  18. Freshwater Management - Answer (click here)

APPLIED BIOLOGY

  1. Important cattle breeds and their characteristics - Answer (click here)
  2. cattle breeds : Milch breeds (or) Dairy breeds, Dual purpose breeds, Draught breeds - Answer (click here)
  3. Milch breeds (or) Dairy Cattle breeds : Sindhi (Red Sindhi, Red Karachi), Gir (Kathiawarhi, Surti) - Answer (click here)
  4. Dual purpose Cattle breeds - Ongole : Nellore - Answer (click here)
  5. Draught Cattle breeds : Kangayam, Hallikar, Jersey - Answer (click here)
  6. Common diseases and control for Cattle - Answer (click here)
  7. Poultry Breeds - Answer (click here)
  8. Poultry Farming methods - Answer (click here)
  9. Factors involved in brooding - Answer (click here)
  10. Pisciculture : Characters of cultivable fish - Answer (click here)
  11. Fish Pond : Types and Preparation of pond, Management and Feeding - Answer (click here)
  12. Edible Fishes Of Tamilnadu (India) - Answer (click here)
  13. Stethoscope and Uses of Stethoscope - Answer (click here)
  14. Sphygmomanometer - Answer (click here)
  15. Haemocytometer - Answer (click here)
  16. Urine - Sugar analysis - Answer (click here)
  17. ECG-Electrocardiogram - Answer (click here)
  18. Computed Tomography (CT)(OR) Computerized axial tomography (CAT) - Advantages and Uses - Answer (click here)
  19. Types of Endoscopy - Answer (click here)
  20. Artificial Pacemaker And Autoanalyser - Answer (click here)

THEORIES OF EVOLUTION

  1. THEORIES OF EVOLUTION : Lamarckism - Answer (click here)
  2. THEORIES OF EVOLUTION : Neo-lamarckism - Answer (click here)
  3. THEORIES OF EVOLUTION : Darwinism - Answer (click here)
  4. Modern concept of Natural Selection (or) Modern synthetic theory of Evolution - Answer (click here)
Subject : Essentials of Anatomy and Physiology

The Human Organism

  1. Anatomy - Answer (click here)
  2. Physiology - Answer (click here)
  3. Structural and Functional Organization of the Human Body - Answer (click here)
  4. Characteristics of Life - Answer (click here)
  5. Microbesin Your Body - Answer (click here)
  6. Homeostasis - Answer (click here)
  7. Terminology and the Body Plan - Answer (click here)

The chemical basis of life

  1. Basic Chemistry - Answer (click here)
  2. Chemical reactions - Human Organism - Answer (click here)
  3. Acids and Bases - Answer (click here)
  4. Inorganic Molecules - Answer (click here)
  5. Organic Molecules - Answer (click here)

Cell Structures and their Functions

  1. Cell Structure - Answer (click here)
  2. Function of the cell - Answer (click here)
  3. Structure of the Cell membrane - Answer (click here)
  4. Movement through the cell membrane - Answer (click here)
  5. Organelles - Cell Structures and their Functions - Answer (click here)
  6. Whole cell activity - Answer (click here)
  7. Cellular aspects of aging - Answer (click here)

Tissues

  1. Tissues and Histology - Answer (click here)
  2. Epithelial Tissue - Answer (click here)
  3. Functions of Epithelia - Answer (click here)
  4. Classification of Epithelia - Answer (click here)
  5. Connective tissue - Answer (click here)
  6. Functions of Connective Tissue - Answer (click here)
  7. Muscle tissue - Answer (click here)
  8. Nervous tissue - Answer (click here)
  9. Tissue membranes - Answer (click here)
  10. Tissue damage and inflammation - Answer (click here)
  11. Tissue repair - Answer (click here)
  12. Effects of aging on tissues - Answer (click here)

Integumentary System

  1. Functions of the Integumentary System - Answer (click here)
  2. Skin - Answer (click here)
  3. Subcutaneous Tissue - Answer (click here)
  4. Accessory skin structures - Answer (click here)
  5. Physiology of the integumentary system - Answer (click here)
  6. Integumentary system as a diagnostic Aid - Answer (click here)
  7. Burns: Classify burns on the basis of the amount of skin damage produced - Answer (click here)
  8. Skin Cancer - Answer (click here)
  9. Effects of Aging on the Integumentary System - Answer (click here)

Skeletal System Bones and Joints

  1. Functions of the Skeletal System - Answer (click here)
  2. Extracellular Matrix - Answer (click here)
  3. General Features of Bone - Answer (click here)
  4. Bone and calcium homeostasis - Answer (click here)
  5. General Considerations of Bone Anatomy - Answer (click here)
  6. Axial Skeleton - Answer (click here)
  7. Appendicular Skeleton - Answer (click here)
  8. Joints - Answer (click here)
  9. Effects of Aging on the Skeletal System and Joints - Answer (click here)

Muscular System

  1. Functions of the Muscular System - Answer (click here)
  2. Characteristics of Skeletal Muscle - Answer (click here)
  3. Skeletal Muscle Structure - Answer (click here)
  4. Excitability of Muscle Fibers - Answer (click here)
  5. Nerve Supply and Muscle fiber Stimulation - Answer (click here)
  6. Muscle Contraction - Answer (click here)
  7. Energy Requirements for Muscle Contraction - Answer (click here)
  8. Fatigue - Answer (click here)
  9. Effect of Fiber Type on Activity Level - Answer (click here)
  10. Smooth Muscle and Cardiac Muscle - Answer (click here)
  11. General Principles - Skeletal Muscle Anatomy - Answer (click here)
  12. Nomenclature - Skeletal Muscle Anatomy - Answer (click here)
  13. Muscles of the head and Neck - Answer (click here)
  14. Trunk Muscles - Answer (click here)
  15. Upper limb Muscles - Answer (click here)
  16. Lower Limb Muscles - Answer (click here)
  17. Effects of Aging on Skeletal Muscle - Answer (click here)

Nervous System

  1. Functions of the Nervous System - Answer (click here)
  2. Divisions of the Nervous System - Answer (click here)
  3. Cells of the Nervous System - Answer (click here)
  4. Electrical Signals and Neural Pathways - Answer (click here)
  5. Resting Membrane Potential - Electrical Signals and Neural Pathways - Answer (click here)
  6. Action Potentials - Electrical Signals and Neural Pathways - Answer (click here)
  7. The Synapse - Electrical Signals and Neural Pathways - Answer (click here)
  8. Reflexes - Electrical Signals and Neural Pathways - Answer (click here)
  9. Neuronal Pathways - Electrical Signals and Neural Pathways - Answer (click here)
  10. Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems - Answer (click here)
  11. Spinal Cord and Spinal Cord Reflexes - Answer (click here)
  12. Spinal Nerves - Answer (click here)
  13. Brain Anatomy - Answer (click here)
  14. Sensory Functions - Answer (click here)
  15. Motor Functions: Motor Areas Of The Cerebral Cortex, Descending tracts, Cerebellum - Answer (click here)
  16. Communication Between the right and Left hemispheres - Brain Functions - Answer (click here)
  17. Speech - Brain Functions - Answer (click here)
  18. Brain waves and Consciousness - Brain Functions - Answer (click here)
  19. Memory - Brain Functions - Answer (click here)
  20. Limbic system and emotions - Brain Functions - Answer (click here)
  21. Meninges - Nervous System - Answer (click here)
  22. Ventricles - Nervous System - Answer (click here)
  23. Cerebrospinal fluid - Nervous System - Answer (click here)
  24. Cranial Nerves - Answer (click here)
  25. Autonomic Nervous System - Answer (click here)
  26. Enteric Nervous System - Answer (click here)
  27. Effects of Aging on the Nervous System - Answer (click here)

Senses

  1. Sensation - Answer (click here)
  2. Sensory Receptors - Answer (click here)
  3. General Senses - Answer (click here)
  4. Special Senses - Answer (click here)
  5. Olfaction - Answer (click here)
  6. Taste - Answer (click here)
  7. Vision - Answer (click here)
  8. Accessory Structures of the Eye - Answer (click here)
  9. Anatomy of the Eye - Answer (click here)
  10. Functions of the Eye - Answer (click here)
  11. Neuronal Pathways for Vision - Answer (click here)
  12. Hearing and Balance - Answer (click here)
  13. Anatomy and function of the Ear - Answer (click here)
  14. Hearing - Ear - Answer (click here)
  15. Neuronal Pathways for Hearing - Answer (click here)
  16. Balance - Ear - Answer (click here)
  17. Neuronal Pathways for Balance - Ear - Answer (click here)
  18. Effects of Aging on the Senses - Answer (click here)

Endocrine System

  1. Principles of Chemical Communication - Answer (click here)
  2. Functions of the Endocrine System - Answer (click here)
  3. Characteristics of the Endocrine System - Answer (click here)
  4. Chemical Nature of Hormones - Answer (click here)
  5. Control of Hormone Secretion - Answer (click here)
  6. Hormone Receptors and Mechanisms of Action - Answer (click here)
  7. Pituitary and hypothalamus - Endocrine Glands and Their Hormones - Answer (click here)
  8. Thyroid Gland - Endocrine Glands and Their Hormones - Answer (click here)
  9. Parathyroid Glands - Endocrine Glands and Their Hormones - Answer (click here)
  10. Adrenal Glands - Endocrine Glands and Their Hormones - Answer (click here)
  11. Pancreas, Insulin, and Diabetes - Endocrine Glands and Their Hormones - Answer (click here)
  12. Testes and Ovaries - Endocrine Glands and Their Hormones - Answer (click here)
  13. Thymus and Pineal Gland - Endocrine Glands and Their Hormones - Answer (click here)
  14. Other Hormones - Answer (click here)
  15. Effects of Aging on the Endocrine System - Answer (click here)

Blood

  1. Functions of Blood - Answer (click here)
  2. Composition of Blood - Answer (click here)
  3. Plasma - Answer (click here)
  4. Formed Elements - Blood - Answer (click here)
  5. Preventing Blood Loss - Answer (click here)
  6. Blood Grouping - Answer (click here)
  7. ABO Blood Group - Answer (click here)
  8. Rh Blood Group - Answer (click here)
  9. Diagnostic Blood Tests - Answer (click here)

Heart

  1. Functions of the Heart - Answer (click here)
  2. Size, Form, and Location of the Heart - Answer (click here)
  3. Anatomy of the Heart - Answer (click here)
  4. Heart valves - Answer (click here)
  5. Route of Blood Flow Through the Heart - Answer (click here)
  6. Blood Supply to the Heart - Answer (click here)
  7. Histology of the Heart - Answer (click here)
  8. Electrical Activity of the Heart - Answer (click here)
  9. Cardiac Cycle - Answer (click here)
  10. Heart Sounds - Answer (click here)
  11. Regulation of Heart Function - Answer (click here)
  12. Effects of Aging on the Heart - Answer (click here)

Blood Vessels and Circulation

  1. Functions of the Circulatory System - Answer (click here)
  2. General Features of Blood Vessel Structure - Answer (click here)
  3. Blood Vessels of the Pulmonary Circulation - Answer (click here)
  4. Blood Vessels of the Systemic Circulation: Arteries - Answer (click here)
  5. Blood Vessels of the Systemic Circulation: Veins - Answer (click here)
  6. Physiology of Circulation - Answer (click here)
  7. Control of Blood Flow in Tissues - Answer (click here)
  8. Regulation of Arterial Pressure - Answer (click here)
  9. Effects of Aging on the Blood Vessels - Answer (click here)

Lymphatic System and Immunity

  1. Functions of the Lymphatic System - Answer (click here)
  2. Anatomy of the Lymphatic System - Answer (click here)
  3. Immunity - Answer (click here)
  4. Innate Immunity - Answer (click here)
  5. Adaptive Immunity - Answer (click here)
  6. Origin and Development of Lymphocytes - Answer (click here)
  7. Activation and Multiplication of Lymphocytes - Answer (click here)
  8. Antibody-mediated immunity - Answer (click here)
  9. Cell-Mediated Immunity - Answer (click here)
  10. Acquired Immunity - Answer (click here)
  11. Overview of Immune Interactions - Answer (click here)
  12. Immunotherapy - Answer (click here)
  13. Effects of Aging on the Lymphatic System and Immunity - Answer (click here)

Respiratory System

  1. Functions of the Respiratory System - Answer (click here)
  2. Anatomy of the Respiratory System - Answer (click here)
  3. Nose - Anatomy of the Respiratory System - Answer (click here)
  4. Pharynx - Anatomy of the Respiratory System - Answer (click here)
  5. Larynx - Anatomy of the Respiratory System - Answer (click here)
  6. Trachea - Anatomy of the Respiratory System - Answer (click here)
  7. Bronchi - Anatomy of the Respiratory System - Answer (click here)
  8. Lungs - Anatomy of the Respiratory System - Answer (click here)
  9. Pleural Cavities - Anatomy of the Respiratory System - Answer (click here)
  10. Lymphatic Supply - Anatomy of the Respiratory System - Answer (click here)
  11. Ventilation and Respiratory Volumes - Answer (click here)
  12. Changing thoracic Volume - Answer (click here)
  13. Lung Recoil - Answer (click here)
  14. Changing Alveolar Volume - Answer (click here)
  15. Respiratory Volumes and Capacities - Answer (click here)
  16. Gas Exchange - Respiratory System - Answer (click here)
  17. Gas Transport in the Blood - Answer (click here)
  18. Rhythmic Breathing - Answer (click here)
  19. Generation of Rhythmic Breathing - Answer (click here)
  20. Nervous and Chemical Control of Breathing - Answer (click here)
  21. Effect of Exercise on Breathing - Answer (click here)
  22. Respiratory Adaptations to Exercise - Answer (click here)
  23. Effects of Aging on the Respiratory System - Answer (click here)

Digestive System

  1. Functions of the Digestive System - Answer (click here)
  2. Anatomy and Histology of the Digestive System - Answer (click here)
  3. Anatomy of Oral Cavity, Pharynx, and Esophagus - Answer (click here)
  4. Anatomy of the oral Cavity - Answer (click here)
  5. Saliva - Answer (click here)
  6. Swallowing - Digestive System - Answer (click here)
  7. Stomach - Answer (click here)
  8. Anatomy of the Stomach - Answer (click here)
  9. Secretions of the Stomach - Answer (click here)
  10. Regulation of Stomach Secretions - Answer (click here)
  11. Movement in the Stomach - Answer (click here)
  12. Anatomy of the Small intestine - Answer (click here)
  13. Secretions of the Small intestine - Answer (click here)
  14. Movement and Absorption in the Small Intestine - Answer (click here)
  15. Anatomy of the liver - Answer (click here)
  16. Functions of the Liver - Answer (click here)
  17. Anatomy and Functions of the Pancreas - Answer (click here)
  18. Anatomy of the large intestine - Answer (click here)
  19. Functions of the Large Intestine - Answer (click here)
  20. Digestion, Absorption, and Transport in Digestive System - Answer (click here)
  21. Effects of Aging on the Digestive System - Answer (click here)

Nutrition Metabolism and body Temperature Regulation

  1. Nutrition and Nutrients - Answer (click here)
  2. Kilocalories - Answer (click here)
  3. Carbohydrates - Human Nutrition - Answer (click here)
  4. Lipids - Human Nutrition - Answer (click here)
  5. Proteins - Human Nutrition - Answer (click here)
  6. Vitamins - Human Nutrition - Answer (click here)
  7. Minerals - Human Nutrition - Answer (click here)
  8. Daily Values - Human Nutrition - Answer (click here)
  9. Metabolism - Answer (click here)
  10. Regulation of Metabolism - Answer (click here)
  11. Carbohydrate Metabolism - Answer (click here)
  12. Lipid Metabolism - Answer (click here)
  13. Protein Metabolism - Answer (click here)
  14. Metabolic States - Answer (click here)
  15. Metabolic Rate - Answer (click here)
  16. Body Temperature Regulation - Answer (click here)

Urinary System and Fluid Balance

  1. Functions of the Urinary System - Answer (click here)
  2. Anatomy of the Kidneys - Answer (click here)
  3. Urine Production - Answer (click here)
  4. Filtration - Urine Production - Answer (click here)
  5. Regulation of Filtration - Urine Production - Answer (click here)
  6. Tubular Reabsorption - Urine Production - Answer (click here)
  7. Tubular Secretion - Urine Production - Answer (click here)
  8. Regulation of Urine Concentration and Volume - Answer (click here)
  9. Urine Movement - Answer (click here)
  10. Body Fluid Compartments - Answer (click here)
  11. Regulation of Extracellular Fluid Composition - Answer (click here)
  12. Regulation of Acid-Base Balance in Human Body - Answer (click here)

Reproductive System

  1. Functions of the Reproductive System - Answer (click here)
  2. Formation of Gametes - Answer (click here)
  3. Male Reproductive System - Answer (click here)
  4. Physiology of Male Reproduction - Answer (click here)
  5. Regulation of Reproductive Hormone Secretion - Answer (click here)
  6. Puberty In Males - Answer (click here)
  7. Effects of Testosterone - Answer (click here)
  8. Male Sexual Behavior and The Male Sex Act - Answer (click here)
  9. Infertility in Males - Answer (click here)
  10. Female Reproductive System - Answer (click here)
  11. Ovaries - Female Reproductive System - Answer (click here)
  12. Oogenesis and Fertilization - Female Reproductive System - Answer (click here)
  13. Uterine tubes - Female Reproductive System - Answer (click here)
  14. Uterus - Female Reproductive System - Answer (click here)
  15. Vagina - Female Reproductive System - Answer (click here)
  16. Mammary Glands and Anatomy of the Breast - Female Reproductive System - Answer (click here)
  17. Physiology of Female Reproduction - Answer (click here)
  18. Puberty in Females - Answer (click here)
  19. Menstrual Cycle - Answer (click here)
  20. Female sexual Behavior and the Female sex act - Answer (click here)
  21. Effects of Aging on the Reproductive System - Answer (click here)

Development Heredity and aging

  1. Prenatal Development - Answer (click here)
  2. Formation of the Germ - Prenatal Development - Answer (click here)
  3. Neural tube and neural Crest Formation - Prenatal Development - Answer (click here)
  4. Formation of the General Body structure - Prenatal Development - Answer (click here)
  5. Development of the Organ Systems - Prenatal Development - Answer (click here)
  6. Growth of the Fetus - Prenatal Development - Answer (click here)
  7. Parturition - Answer (click here)
  8. The Newborn - Answer (click here)
  9. Lactation - Answer (click here)
  10. First Year Following Birth - Answer (click here)
  11. Life Stages - Answer (click here)
  12. Genetics - Answer (click here)
  13. Genes - Answer (click here)
  14. Genetic Disorders and Counseling - Answer (click here)
Subject : Essentials of Anatomy and Physiology

Organization and General Plan of the Body

  1. Organization and General Plan of the Body - Answer (click here)
  2. Levels of Organization - Answer (click here)
  3. Metabolism and Homeostasis - Answer (click here)
  4. Terminology and General Plan of the Body - Answer (click here)

Some Basic Chemistry

  1. Elements - Answer (click here)
  2. Atoms - Answer (click here)
  3. Chemical Bonds - Answer (click here)
  4. Chemical Reactions - Answer (click here)
  5. Inorganic Compounds of Importance - Answer (click here)
  6. Organic Compounds of Importance - Answer (click here)
  7. Carbohydrates - Answer (click here)
  8. Lipids - Answer (click here)
  9. Proteins - Answer (click here)
  10. Enzymes - Answer (click here)
  11. Nucleic Acids - Answer (click here)

Cells

  1. Cells - Answer (click here)
  2. Cell Structure - Answer (click here)
  3. Cell Membrane - Answer (click here)
  4. Nucleus - Cells - Answer (click here)
  5. Cytoplasm and Cell Organelles - Answer (click here)
  6. Cellular Transport Mechanisms - Answer (click here)
  7. The Genetic Code and Protein Synthesis - Answer (click here)
  8. Cell Division - Answer (click here)
  9. Aging and Cells - Answer (click here)

Tissues and Membranes

  1. Epithelial Tissue - Answer (click here)
  2. Connective Tissue - Answer (click here)
  3. Muscle Tissue - Answer (click here)
  4. Nerve Tissue - Answer (click here)
  5. Membranes: Epithelial and Connective, serous and mucous Membranes - Answer (click here)
  6. Aging and Tissues - Answer (click here)

The Integumentary System

  1. Skin - Anatomy and Physiology - Answer (click here)
  2. Outer epidermis - Skin - Answer (click here)
  3. Inner dermis - Skin - Answer (click here)
  4. Subcutaneous Tissue - Answer (click here)
  5. Aging and the Integumentary System - Answer (click here)

The Skeletal System

  1. Skeletal System - Answer (click here)
  2. Functions of the Skeleton - Answer (click here)
  3. Types of Bone Tissue - Answer (click here)
  4. Classification of Bones - Answer (click here)
  5. Embryonic Growth of Bone - Answer (click here)
  6. Factors That Affect Bone Growth and Maintenance - Answer (click here)
  7. The Skeleton - Answer (click here)
  8. Skull - Skeleton - Answer (click here)
  9. Vertebral Column - Skeleton - Answer (click here)
  10. Rib Cage - Skeleton - Answer (click here)
  11. Shoulder And Arm - Skeleton - Answer (click here)
  12. Hip and Leg - Skeleton - Answer (click here)
  13. Joints-Articulations - Answer (click here)
  14. Aging and the Skeletal System - Answer (click here)

The Muscular System

  1. The Muscular System - Answer (click here)
  2. Muscle Structure - Answer (click here)
  3. Muscle Tone - Answer (click here)
  4. Muscle Sense - Answer (click here)
  5. Energy Sources for Muscle Contraction - Answer (click here)
  6. Muscle Fiber- Microscopic Structure - Answer (click here)
  7. Contraction-The Sliding Filament Mechanism - Answer (click here)
  8. Responses to Exercise-Maintaining Homeostasis - Answer (click here)
  9. Aging and the Muscular System - Answer (click here)
  10. Major Muscles of the Body - Answer (click here)

The Nervous System

  1. The Nervous System - Answer (click here)
  2. Nervous System Divisions - Answer (click here)
  3. Nerve Tissue - Answer (click here)
  4. Types of Neurons - Answer (click here)
  5. Nerves and Nerve Tracts - Answer (click here)
  6. The Nerve Impulse - Answer (click here)
  7. Spinal Cord - Answer (click here)
  8. Spinal Nerves - Answer (click here)
  9. Spinal Cord Reflexes - Answer (click here)
  10. The Brain - Anatomy and Physiology - Answer (click here)
  11. Meninges and Cerebrospinal Fluid - Answer (click here)
  12. Cranial Nerves - Answer (click here)
  13. Autonomic Nervous System - Answer (click here)
  14. Aging and the Nervous System - Answer (click here)

The Senses

  1. Sensory Pathway - Answer (click here)
  2. Characteristics of Sensations - Answer (click here)
  3. Cutaneous Senses - Answer (click here)
  4. Muscle Sense - Answer (click here)
  5. Sense of Taste - Answer (click here)
  6. Sense of Smell - Answer (click here)
  7. Hunger and Thirst - Answer (click here)
  8. The Eye - Structure, Anatomy and Physiology - Answer (click here)
  9. Eyeball: Layers and Cavities of the Eyeball - Answer (click here)
  10. Physiology of Vision - Eye - Answer (click here)
  11. The Ear: Anatomy and Physiology - Answer (click here)
  12. Arterial Receptors - Answer (click here)
  13. Aging and the Senses - Answer (click here)

The Endocrine System

  1. The Endocrine System - Answer (click here)
  2. Chemistry of Hormones - Answer (click here)
  3. Regulation of Hormone Secretion - Answer (click here)
  4. The Pituitary Gland - Anatomy and Physiology - Answer (click here)
  5. Posterior Pituitary Gland - Answer (click here)
  6. Anterior Pituitary Gland - Answer (click here)
  7. Thyroid Gland - Anatomy and Physiology - Answer (click here)
  8. Parathyroid Glands and Parathyroid hormone (PTH) - Answer (click here)
  9. Pancreas - Anatomy and Physiology - Answer (click here)
  10. Adrenal Glands - Anatomy and Physiology - Answer (click here)
  11. Adrenal Medulla: Epinephrine and Norepinephrine - Answer (click here)
  12. Adrenal Cortex: Aldosterone, Cortisol - Answer (click here)
  13. Ovaries - Answer (click here)
  14. Testes - Answer (click here)
  15. Melatonin - Answer (click here)
  16. Prostaglandins (PGs) - Answer (click here)
  17. Mechanisms of Hormone Action - Answer (click here)
  18. Aging and the Endocrine System - Answer (click here)

Blood

  1. Characteristics of Blood - Answer (click here)
  2. Plasma - Answer (click here)
  3. Red Blood Cells: Function, Production and Maturation, Life Span, Blood Types - Answer (click here)
  4. White Blood Cells: Classification and Function - Answer (click here)
  5. Platelets: Function - Answer (click here)
  6. Prevention of Abnormal Clotting - Answer (click here)

The Heart

  1. Location and Pericardial Membranes - Answer (click here)
  2. Heart Chambers-Vessels and Valves - Answer (click here)
  3. Coronary Vessels - Answer (click here)
  4. Cardiac Cycle and Heart Sounds - Answer (click here)
  5. Cardiac Conduction Pathway - Answer (click here)
  6. Heart Rate - Answer (click here)
  7. Cardiac Output - Answer (click here)
  8. Regulation of Heart Rate - Answer (click here)
  9. Aging and the Heart - Answer (click here)

The Vascular System

  1. Arteries - Anatomy and Physiology - Answer (click here)
  2. Veins - Anatomy and Physiology - Answer (click here)
  3. Capillaries - Anatomy and Physiology - Answer (click here)
  4. Pathways of Circulation - Answer (click here)
  5. Velocity of Blood Flow - Answer (click here)
  6. Blood Pressure - Answer (click here)
  7. Maintenance of Systemic Blood Pressure - Answer (click here)
  8. Distribution of Blood Flow - Answer (click here)
  9. Regulation of Blood Pressure - Answer (click here)
  10. Aging and the Vascular System - Answer (click here)

The Lymphatic System and Immunity

  1. Lymph - Anatomy and Physiology - Answer (click here)
  2. Lymph Vessels - Answer (click here)
  3. Lymphatic Tissue - Answer (click here)
  4. Lymph Nodes and Nodules - Answer (click here)
  5. Spleen - Answer (click here)
  6. Thymus - Answer (click here)
  7. Immunity - Answer (click here)
  8. Innate Immunity - Answer (click here)
  9. Adaptive Immunity - Answer (click here)
  10. Types of Immunity - Answer (click here)
  11. Aging and the Lymphatic System - Answer (click here)

The Respiratory System

  1. Divisions of the Respiratory System - Answer (click here)
  2. Mechanism of Breathing - Answer (click here)
  3. Pulmonary Volumes - Answer (click here)
  4. Exchange of Gases - The Respiratory System - Answer (click here)
  5. Transport of Gases in the Blood - Answer (click here)
  6. Regulation of Respiration: Nervous and Chemical Regulation - Answer (click here)
  7. Respiration and Acid-Base Balance - Answer (click here)
  8. Aging and the Respiratory System - Answer (click here)

The Digestive System

  1. Divisions of the Digestive System - Answer (click here)
  2. Types of Digestion - Answer (click here)
  3. Oral Cavity - Answer (click here)
  4. Pharynx - Answer (click here)
  5. Esophagus - Answer (click here)
  6. Structural Layers of the Alimentary Tube - Answer (click here)
  7. Stomach - Anatomy and Physiology - Answer (click here)
  8. Small Intestine - Anatomy and Physiology - Answer (click here)
  9. Liver - Anatomy and Physiology - Answer (click here)
  10. Gallbladder - Anatomy and Physiology - Answer (click here)
  11. Pancreas - Answer (click here)
  12. Completion of Digestion and Absorption - Answer (click here)
  13. Large Intestine - Anatomy and Physiology - Answer (click here)
  14. Functions of the Liver - Answer (click here)
  15. Aging and the Digestive System - Answer (click here)

Body Temperature and Metabolism

  1. Body Temperature - Answer (click here)
  2. Heat Production - Body Temperature - Answer (click here)
  3. Heat Loss - Body Temperature - Answer (click here)
  4. Regulation of Body Temperature - Answer (click here)
  5. Fever - Body Temperature - Answer (click here)
  6. Metabolism - Answer (click here)
  7. Cell Respiration - Answer (click here)
  8. Synthesis Uses Of Foods - Metabolism - Answer (click here)
  9. Metabolism: Vitamins and Minerals - Answer (click here)
  10. Metabolic Rate - Answer (click here)
  11. Aging and Metabolism - Answer (click here)

The Urinary System

  1. The Urinary System - Answer (click here)
  2. Kidneys - Anatomy and Physiology - Answer (click here)
  3. Internal Structure of the Kidney - Answer (click here)
  4. Nephron - Anatomy and Physiology - Answer (click here)
  5. Blood Vessels of the Kidney - Answer (click here)
  6. Formation of Urine - Answer (click here)
  7. Glomerular Filtration - Formation of Urine - Answer (click here)
  8. Tubular Reabsorption - Formation of Urine - Answer (click here)
  9. Tubular Secretion - Formation of Urine - Answer (click here)
  10. Hormones that Influence Reabsorption of Water - Formation of Urine - Answer (click here)
  11. Kidneys and Acid-Base Balance - Answer (click here)
  12. Functions of the Kidneys - Answer (click here)
  13. Elimination of Urine - Answer (click here)
  14. Characteristics of Urine - Answer (click here)
  15. Aging and the Urinary System - Answer (click here)

Fluid Electrolyte and Acid Base Balance

  1. Water Compartments in Human body - Answer (click here)
  2. Water Intake and Output in Human body - Answer (click here)
  3. Electrolytes in Human body - Answer (click here)
  4. Acid-Base Balance in Human body - Answer (click here)
  5. Aging and Fluid and pH Regulation - Answer (click here)

The Reproductive Systems

  1. Meiosis - Human Reproductive Systems - Answer (click here)
  2. Male Reproductive System in Human - Answer (click here)
  3. Female Reproductive System in Human - Answer (click here)
  4. Menstrual Cycle in Human - Answer (click here)
  5. Aging and the Reproductive Systems - Answer (click here)
  6. Testes - Anatomy and Physiology - Answer (click here)
  7. Urethra-Penis - Answer (click here)
  8. Semen - Answer (click here)
  9. Ovaries - Anatomy and Physiology - Answer (click here)
  10. Fallopian Tubes - Answer (click here)
  11. Uterus - Anatomy and Physiology - Answer (click here)
  12. Vagina - Anatomy and Physiology - Answer (click here)
  13. External Genitals - Anatomy and Physiology - Answer (click here)
  14. Mammary Glands - Anatomy and Physiology - Answer (click here)

Human Development and Genetics

  1. Human Development - Answer (click here)
  2. Embryo And Embryonic Membranes - Answer (click here)
  3. Placenta and Umbilical Cord - Answer (click here)
  4. Parturition and Labor - Answer (click here)
  5. Infant at Birth - Answer (click here)
  6. Genetics - Answer (click here)

An Introduction to Microbiology and Human Disease

  1. Classification of Microorganisms - Answer (click here)
  2. Normal Flora - Answer (click here)
  3. Infectious Disease - Answer (click here)
  4. Epidemiology - Answer (click here)
  5. Methods of Control of Microbes - Answer (click here)
  6. The Pathogens and its List - Answer (click here)
Subject : Human Nervous System and Sensory Organs

The Nervous System

  1. Development and Subdivision - Nervous System - Answer (click here)
  2. Functional Circuits - Nervous System - Answer (click here)
  3. Position of the Nervous System in the Body - Answer (click here)

Development and Structure of the Human Brain

  1. Development of the Brain - Answer (click here)
  2. Anatomy of the Human Brain - Answer (click here)
  3. Evolution of the Brain - Answer (click here)

Basic Elements of the Nervous System

  1. The Nerve Cell - Answer (click here)
  2. Methods in Neuroanatomy - The Nerve Cell - Answer (click here)
  3. Ultrastructure of the Nerve Cell - Answer (click here)
  4. The Synapse: Localization, Structure, Function - Answer (click here)
  5. Types of Synapses - Answer (click here)
  6. Neurotransmitters - The Synapse - Answer (click here)
  7. Axonal Transport - The Synapse - Answer (click here)
  8. Transmitter Receptors - The Synapse - Answer (click here)
  9. Synaptic Transmission - The Synapse - Answer (click here)
  10. Neuronal Systems - Answer (click here)
  11. Neuronal Circuits - Neuronal Systems - Answer (click here)
  12. The Nerve Fiber - Answer (click here)
  13. Ultrastructure of the Myelin Sheath - The Nerve Fiber - Answer (click here)
  14. Development of the Myelin Sheath in the PNS - Answer (click here)
  15. Development of Unmyelinated Nerve Fibers - Answer (click here)
  16. Structure of the Myelin Sheath in the CNS - The Nerve Fiber - Answer (click here)
  17. Peripheral Nerve - The Nerve Fiber - Answer (click here)
  18. Neuroglia - Answer (click here)
  19. Blood Vessels - Answer (click here)

Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves

  1. Overview of Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves - Answer (click here)
  2. Structure of Spinal Cord - Answer (click here)
  3. Reflex Arcs - Spinal Cord - Answer (click here)
  4. Gray Substance and Intrinsic System - Spinal Cord - Answer (click here)
  5. Cross Sections of the Spinal Cord - Answer (click here)
  6. Ascending Pathways - Spinal Cord - Answer (click here)
  7. Descending Pathways - Spinal Cord - Answer (click here)
  8. Visualization of Pathways - Spinal Cord - Answer (click here)
  9. Blood Vessels of the Spinal Cord - Answer (click here)
  10. Spinal Ganglion and Posterior Root - Spinal Cord - Answer (click here)
  11. Spinal Meninges - Spinal Cord - Answer (click here)
  12. Segmental Innervation - Spinal Cord - Answer (click here)
  13. Spinal Cord Syndromes - Answer (click here)
  14. Peripheral Nerves - Answer (click here)
  15. Nerve Plexusus - Peripheral Nerves - Answer (click here)
  16. Cervical Plexus (C1 - C4) - Peripheral Nerves - Answer (click here)
  17. Posterior Branches - Peripheral Nerves - Answer (click here)
  18. Brachial Plexus - Peripheral Nerves - Answer (click here)
  19. Supraclavicular Part - Peripheral Nerves - Answer (click here)
  20. Infraclavicular Part - Peripheral Nerves - Answer (click here)
  21. Lateral Fascicle - Infraclavicular Part - Peripheral Nerves - Answer (click here)
  22. Medial Fascicle - Infraclavicular Part of Peripheral Nerves - Answer (click here)
  23. Posterior Fascicle - Infraclavicular Part of Peripheral Nerves - Answer (click here)
  24. Nerves of the Trunk - Peripheral Nerves - Answer (click here)
  25. Posterior Branches - Peripheral Nerves - Answer (click here)
  26. Anterior Branches - Peripheral Nerves - Answer (click here)
  27. Lumbosacral Plexus and Lumbar Plexus - Peripheral Nerves - Answer (click here)
  28. Sacral Plexus - Peripheral Nerves - Answer (click here)
  29. Sciatic Nerve - Answer (click here)
  30. Pudendal Nerve - Answer (click here)
  31. Sensory Innervation of Pelvis and Perineum - Answer (click here)

Brain Stem and Cranial Nerves

  1. Overview of Brain Stem and Cranial Nerves - Answer (click here)
  2. Longitudinal Organization of Brain Stem and Cranial Nerves - Answer (click here)
  3. Cranial Nerves - Answer (click here)
  4. Base of the Skull - Answer (click here)
  5. Cranial Nerve Nuclei - Answer (click here)
  6. Medulla Oblongata - Answer (click here)
  7. Cross Section at the Level of the Hypoglossal Nerve - Medulla Oblongata - Answer (click here)
  8. Cross Section at the Level of the Vagus Nerve - Medulla Oblongata - Answer (click here)
  9. Pons - Answer (click here)
  10. Cross Section at the Level of the Genu of the Facial Nerve - Answer (click here)
  11. Cross Section at the Level of the Trigeminal Nerve - Answer (click here)
  12. Hypoglossal Nerve - Cranial Nerves (V, VII - XII) - Answer (click here)
  13. Accessory Nerve - Cranial Nerves (V, VII - XII) - Answer (click here)
  14. Vagus Nerve - Cranial Nerves (V, VII - XII) - Answer (click here)
  15. Glossopharyngeal Nerve - Cranial Nerves (V, VII - XII) - Answer (click here)
  16. Vestibulocochlear Nerve - Cranial Nerves (V, VII - XII) - Answer (click here)
  17. Facial Nerve - Cranial Nerves (V, VII - XII) - Answer (click here)
  18. Facial Nerve - Cranial Nerves (V, VII - XII) - Answer (click here)
  19. Parasympathetic Ganglia - Answer (click here)
  20. Ciliary Ganglion - Answer (click here)
  21. Pterygopalatine Ganglion - Answer (click here)
  22. Otic Ganglion - Answer (click here)
  23. Submandibular Ganglion - Answer (click here)
  24. Structure of Midbrain - Answer (click here)
  25. Cross Section Through the Inferior Colliculi of the Midbrain - Answer (click here)
  26. Cross Section Through the Superior Colliculi of the Midbrain - Answer (click here)
  27. Cross Section Through the Pretectal Region of the Midbrain - Answer (click here)
  28. Red Nucleus and Substantia Nigra - Answer (click here)
  29. Eye-Muscle Nerves (Cranial Nerves III, IV, and VI) - Answer (click here)
  30. Abducens Nerve - Eye Muscle Nerves - Answer (click here)
  31. Trochlear Nerve - Eye Muscle Nerves - Answer (click here)
  32. Oculomotor Nerve - Eye Muscle Nerves - Answer (click here)
  33. Corticospinal Tract and Corticonuclear Fibers - Answer (click here)
  34. Medial Lemniscus - Answer (click here)
  35. Medial Longitudinal Fasciculus - Answer (click here)
  36. Internuclear Connections of the Trigeminal Nuclei - Answer (click here)
  37. Central Tegmental Tract - Answer (click here)
  38. Posterior Longitudinal Fasciculus - Answer (click here)
  39. Reticular Formation - Answer (click here)
  40. Histochemistry of the Brain Stem - Answer (click here)

Cerebellum

  1. Subdivision - Structure of Cerebellum - Answer (click here)
  2. Cerebellar Peduncles and Nuclei - Structure of Cerebellum - Answer (click here)
  3. Cerebellar Cortex - Structure of Cerebellum - Answer (click here)
  4. Neuronal Circuits - Structure of Cerebellum - Answer (click here)
  5. Functional Organization of Cerebellum - Answer (click here)
  6. Inferior Cerebellar Peduncle (Restiform Body) - Answer (click here)
  7. Middle Cerebellar Peduncle (Brachium Pontis) - Answer (click here)
  8. Superior Cerebellar Peduncle (Brachium conjunctivum) - Answer (click here)

Diencephalon

  1. Development of the Prosencephalon - Answer (click here)
  2. Telodiencephalic Boundary - Answer (click here)
  3. Structure of Diencephalon - Answer (click here)
  4. Subdivision of Diencephalon's Structure - Answer (click here)
  5. Frontal Section at the Level of the Optic Chasm - Answer (click here)
  6. Frontal Section Through the Tuber Cinereum - Answer (click here)
  7. Frontal Section at the Level of the Mamillary Bodies - Answer (click here)
  8. Epithalamus - Answer (click here)
  9. Habenula - Epithalamus - Answer (click here)
  10. Pineal Gland - Epithalamus - Answer (click here)
  11. Dorsal Thalamus - Answer (click here)
  12. Specific Thalamic Nuclei - Dorsal Thalamus - Answer (click here)
  13. Nonspecific Thalamic Nuclei - Dorsal Thalamus - Answer (click here)
  14. Anterior Nuclear Group - Dorsal Thalamus - Answer (click here)
  15. Medial Nuclear Group - Dorsal Thalamus - Answer (click here)
  16. Centromedian Nucleus - Dorsal Thalamus - Answer (click here)
  17. Lateral Nuclear Group - Dorsal Thalamus - Answer (click here)
  18. Ventral Nuclear Group - Dorsal Thalamus - Answer (click here)
  19. Lateral Geniculate Body - Dorsal Thalamus - Answer (click here)
  20. Medial Geniculate Body - Dorsal Thalamus - Answer (click here)
  21. Pulvinar - Dorsal Thalamus - Answer (click here)
  22. Frontal Section Through the Rostral Thalamus - Answer (click here)
  23. Frontal Section Through the Caudal Thalamus - Answer (click here)
  24. Subthalamus - Answer (click here)
  25. Subdivision in Subthalamus - Answer (click here)
  26. Responses to Stimulation of the Subthalamus - Answer (click here)
  27. Hypothalamus - Answer (click here)
  28. Poorly Myelinated Hypothalamus - Answer (click here)
  29. Richly Myelinated Hypothalamus - Answer (click here)
  30. Vascular Supply - Hypothalamus - Answer (click here)
  31. Fiber Connections of the Poorly Myelinated Hypothalamus - Answer (click here)
  32. Fiber Connections of the Richly Myelinated Hypothalamus - Answer (click here)
  33. Functional Topography of the Hypothalamus - Answer (click here)
  34. Hypothalamus and Hypophysis - Answer (click here)
  35. Development and Subdivision of the Hypophysis - Answer (click here)
  36. Infundibulum - Answer (click here)
  37. Blood Vessels of the Hypophysis - Answer (click here)
  38. Neuroendocrine System - Answer (click here)

Telencephalon

  1. Telencephalon - Answer (click here)
  2. Subdivision of the Hemisphere - Telencephalon - Answer (click here)
  3. Rotation of the Hemisphere - Telencephalon - Answer (click here)
  4. Evolution - Telencephalon - Answer (click here)
  5. Cerebral Lobes - Telencephalon - Answer (click here)
  6. Frontal Sections of Brain Through the Telencephalon - Answer (click here)
  7. Horizontal Sections of Brain Through the Telencephalon - Answer (click here)
  8. Paleocortex - Answer (click here)
  9. Amygdaloid Body - Answer (click here)
  10. Fiber Connections - Paleocortex and Amygdaloid Body - Answer (click here)
  11. Archicortex - Answer (click here)
  12. Archicortex's Subdivision and Functional Significance - Answer (click here)
  13. Ammon’s Horn - Answer (click here)
  14. Fiber Connections in Archicortex - Answer (click here)
  15. Hippocampal Cortex - Answer (click here)
  16. Neostriatum - Answer (click here)
  17. Insula - Answer (click here)
  18. Neocortex: Cortical Layers - Answer (click here)
  19. Neocortex: Vertical Columns - Answer (click here)
  20. Cell Types of the Neocortex - Answer (click here)
  21. Neocortex: The Module Concept - Answer (click here)
  22. Neocortex: Cortical Areas - Answer (click here)
  23. Neocortex: Frontal Lobe - Answer (click here)
  24. Neocortex: Parietal Lobe - Answer (click here)
  25. Neocortex: Temporal Lobe - Answer (click here)
  26. Neocortex: Occipital Lobe - Answer (click here)
  27. Neocortex: Fiber Tracts - Answer (click here)
  28. Neocortex: Hemispheric Asymmetry - Answer (click here)
  29. Imaging Procedures of Brain Telencephalon - Answer (click here)

Brains Cerebrovascular and Ventricular Systems

  1. Arteries - Cerebrovascular Systems - Answer (click here)
  2. Internal Carotid Artery - Cerebrovascular Systems - Answer (click here)
  3. Areas of Blood Supply - Cerebrovascular Systems - Answer (click here)
  4. Veins - Cerebrovascular and Ventricular Systems - Answer (click here)
  5. Superficial Cerebral Veins - Answer (click here)
  6. Deep Cerebral Veins - Answer (click here)
  7. Cerebrospinal Fluid Spaces - Answer (click here)
  8. Choroid Plexus - Cerebrospinal Fluid Spaces - Answer (click here)
  9. Ependyma - Cerebrospinal Fluid Spaces - Answer (click here)
  10. Circumventricular Organs - Cerebrospinal Fluid Spaces - Answer (click here)
  11. Meninges - Brain - Answer (click here)
  12. Dura Mater - Brain's Meninges - Answer (click here)
  13. Arachnoid Mater - Brain's Meninges - Answer (click here)
  14. Pia Mater - Brain's Meninges - Answer (click here)

Autonomic Nervous System

  1. Autonomic Nervous System - Answer (click here)
  2. Central Autonomic System - Autonomic Nervous System - Answer (click here)
  3. Peripheral Autonomic Nervous System - Answer (click here)
  4. Adrenergic and Cholinergic Systems - Autonomic Nervous System - Answer (click here)
  5. Neuronal Circuit - Autonomic Nervous System - Answer (click here)
  6. Sympathetic Trunk - Answer (click here)
  7. Cervical and Upper Thoracic Segments - Answer (click here)
  8. Lower Thoracic and Abdominal Segments - Answer (click here)
  9. Innervation of the Skin - Answer (click here)
  10. Autonomic Periphery of Autonomic Nervous System - Answer (click here)
  11. Efferent and Afferent Fibers - Autonomic Periphery - Answer (click here)
  12. Intramural Plexus - Answer (click here)
  13. Autonomic Neurons: Structure and Signal Transmission - Answer (click here)

Functional Systems

  1. Brain Function - Answer (click here)
  2. Corticospinal Tract - Motor Systems - Answer (click here)
  3. Extrapyramidal Motor System - Answer (click here)
  4. Motor End Plate - Answer (click here)
  5. Tendon Organ - Motor Systems - Answer (click here)
  6. Muscle Spindle - Motor Systems - Answer (click here)
  7. Common Terminal Motor Pathway - Answer (click here)
  8. Cutaneous Sensory Organs - Answer (click here)
  9. Pathway of the Epicritic Sensibility - Answer (click here)
  10. Pathway of the Protopathic Sensibility - Answer (click here)
  11. Gustatory Organ: Taste Buds, Taste Fibers - Answer (click here)
  12. Olfactory Organ - Answer (click here)
  13. Limbic System - Answer (click here)
  14. Cingulate Gyrus - Limbic System - Answer (click here)
  15. Septal Area - Limbic System - Answer (click here)

The Eye

  1. Eyelids - Structure of the Eye - Answer (click here)
  2. Lacrimal Apparatus - Structure of the Eye - Answer (click here)
  3. Orbital cavity (eye socket) - Structure of the Eye - Answer (click here)
  4. Muscles of the Eyeball - Structure of the Eye - Answer (click here)
  5. Eyeball: Development, Structure - Answer (click here)
  6. Anterior Part of the Eye - Answer (click here)
  7. Cornea - Structure of the Eye - Answer (click here)
  8. Anterior Chamber of the Eye - Answer (click here)
  9. Iris - Structure of the Eye - Answer (click here)
  10. Ciliary Body - Structure of the Eye - Answer (click here)
  11. Lens of the Eye - Structure of the Eye - Answer (click here)
  12. Vascular Supply - Structure of the Eye - Answer (click here)
  13. Fundus of the Eye - Answer (click here)
  14. Retina: Neural Layer, Structures, Neuronal Circuits - Structure of the Eye - Answer (click here)
  15. Optic Nerve - Structure of the Eye - Answer (click here)
  16. Photoreceptors - Structure of the Eye - Answer (click here)
  17. Visual Pathway - Eye - Answer (click here)
  18. Topographic Organization of the Visual Pathway - Eye - Answer (click here)
  19. Ocular Reflexes - Eye - Answer (click here)

The Ear

  1. Structure of The Ear - Answer (click here)
  2. Outer Ear - Structure of The Ear - Answer (click here)
  3. Middle Ear - Structure of The Ear - Answer (click here)
  4. Tympanic Cavity - Structure of Middle Ear - Answer (click here)
  5. Auditory Ossicles - Structure of Middle Ear - Answer (click here)
  6. Medial Wall of the Tympanic Cavity - Answer (click here)
  7. Muscles of the Tympanic Cavity - Answer (click here)
  8. Inner Ear - Structure of The Ear - Answer (click here)
  9. Cochlea - Structure of The Ear - Answer (click here)
  10. Organ of Corti - Structure of The Ear - Answer (click here)
  11. Vestibular Apperatus - Structure of The Ear - Answer (click here)
  12. Acoustic maculae and its function - Answer (click here)
  13. Vestibular Sensory Cells - Structure of The Ear - Answer (click here)
  14. Auditory Pathway of The Ear - Answer (click here)
  15. Vestibular Pathways of The Ear - Answer (click here)
Subject : Biology

Introduction to Biology

  1. Introduction to Biology - Answer (click here)
  2. Principal Branches of Biology - Answer (click here)
  3. Great scientists in Biology - Answer (click here)
  4. Characteristics of Plants and Animals - Answer (click here)
  5. Role of Biology in Social, Economic and Environmental Development - Answer (click here)
  6. Nature and Origin of Life - Answer (click here)

Structure and Nature of Living Cell

  1. Structure and Nature of Living Cell - Answer (click here)
  2. Plasma membrane or Cell membrane: Stucture, Functions - Answer (click here)
  3. Cytoplasm: Stucture, Functions - Answer (click here)
  4. Nucleus: Stucture, Functions - Answer (click here)
  5. Structure and Functions of Chloroplast - Answer (click here)
  6. Structure and Functions of Golgi bodies/Golgi apparatus - Answer (click here)

Cell Division

  1. Types of cell division - Answer (click here)
  2. Stages of Mitosis - Answer (click here)
  3. Significance of Mitosis - Answer (click here)
  4. Abnormal cell division - Answer (click here)
  5. Male-Female determining chromosome - Answer (click here)

Division of Labour In Multicellular Plants

  1. Types of Tissue - Answer (click here)
  2. Characrteristics of Meristamatic tissues - Answer (click here)
  3. Characteristics of Permanent tissue - Answer (click here)
  4. Types of permanent tissue - Answer (click here)
  5. Laticiferous tissues and Glandular tissues - Answer (click here)
  6. Tissue System and types of Tissue System - Answer (click here)
  7. Types of Simple permanent tissue and its Functions - Answer (click here)
  8. Types of Complex permanent tissue and its Functions - Answer (click here)

Animal Tissue Organ and Organ System

  1. Animal Tissue, Organ and Organ System - Answer (click here)
  2. Differences between Tissue and Cell - Answer (click here)
  3. Types of Tissues - Answer (click here)
  4. Structural Characteristics, Function and Location of Epithelial Tissue - Answer (click here)
  5. Structural Characteristics, Functions and Location of Connective Tissue - Answer (click here)
  6. Structural Characteristics, Function and Location of The Muscular Tissue - Answer (click here)
  7. Structural Characteristics, Function and Location of The Nerve Tissue - Answer (click here)
  8. Necessary Organs of Human Body - Answer (click here)
  9. Co-ordination between Organs and Systems to keep the body fit - Answer (click here)

Classification of Plants

  1. Classification of Plants - Answer (click here)
  2. Unit of Plants classification and Taxa - Answer (click here)
  3. Virus - Answer (click here)
  4. Bacteria - Answer (click here)
  5. Algae - Answer (click here)
  6. Fungi: Structure and Reproduction - Answer (click here)
  7. Bryophyta: Characteristics and Importance - Answer (click here)
  8. Pteridophyta: Characteristics and Importance - Answer (click here)
  9. Gymnosperm: Characteristics and Importance - Answer (click here)
  10. Monocotyledonous or Monocot plants:: Characteristics and Importance - Answer (click here)
  11. Dicotyledonous or Dicot Plants: Characteristics and Importance - Answer (click here)

Animal Diversity and Classification

  1. Animal Diversiy - Answer (click here)
  2. Short Description of Diversification or Bio-Diversity - Answer (click here)
  3. Animal Taxonomy - Answer (click here)
  4. Necessity of Animal Classification - Answer (click here)
  5. Rules for Modern or Natural Classification in Animal Diversity - Answer (click here)
  6. Plylum - Sarcomastigophorea Kingdom - Protista - Answer (click here)
  7. Phylum - Cnidaria - Answer (click here)
  8. Phylum Platyhelminthes - Answer (click here)
  9. Phylum Nematoda - Answer (click here)
  10. Plylum Annelida - Answer (click here)
  11. Phylum Arthropoda - Answer (click here)
  12. Phylum Mollusca - Answer (click here)
  13. Phylum Echinodermata - Answer (click here)
  14. Phylum chordata - Answer (click here)

Structural Organization and Acquaintance of Animals

  1. Amoeba: Habit and Habitat - Answer (click here)
  2. Body structure of Amoeba and its functions - Answer (click here)
  3. Amoeba Locomotion - Answer (click here)
  4. Amoeba: Process of intake of food or Nutrition - Answer (click here)
  5. Amoeba: Digestion, Absorption and Egestion - Answer (click here)
  6. Amoeba: Respiration, Excretion - Answer (click here)
  7. Reproduction of Amoeba: Binary fission and Sporulation - Answer (click here)
  8. Round Worm: External morphology and Habitat - Answer (click here)
  9. Round Worm: Digestive system - Answer (click here)
  10. Round Worm: Parasite and its Characteristics - Answer (click here)
  11. Round Worm: Excretory System - Answer (click here)
  12. Round Worm: Reproductive System - Answer (click here)
  13. Round Worm: Ascariasis disease and its symptoms, Prevention - Answer (click here)
  14. Toad: Habit, Habitat - Answer (click here)
  15. External morphology of Toad - Answer (click here)
  16. Skeletal system of Toad - Answer (click here)
  17. Toad: Axial skeleton and its functions - Answer (click here)
  18. Toad: Vertebral column and its functions - Answer (click here)
  19. Toad: Appendicular skeleton(Pectoral girdle, Pelvic girdle) and its functions - Answer (click here)
  20. Toad: Digestive system - Answer (click here)
  21. Toad: Nutrition and Digestion - Answer (click here)
  22. Toad: Circulatory system - Answer (click here)
  23. Toad: Blood(Plasma and Blood corpuscles) - Answer (click here)
  24. Toad: Heart - Answer (click here)
  25. Toad: Blood vessels(Artery, Vein and Capillary) - Answer (click here)
  26. Toad: Venous system - Answer (click here)
  27. Toad: Respiratory system - Answer (click here)
  28. Toad: Glucose oxidation and energy production, Glycolysis and Kreb's cycle - Answer (click here)
  29. Toad: Nervous system - Answer (click here)
  30. Toad: Structure of brain - Answer (click here)
  31. Toad: Cranial nerves - Answer (click here)
  32. Toad: Excretory system - Answer (click here)
  33. Toad: Reproductives system - Answer (click here)

Physiological Activities in Plants Nutrition

  1. Plant Nutrition and Nutrient Elements - Answer (click here)
  2. Imbibition - Answer (click here)
  3. Osmosis: Two types, Condition, Experiment, Absorption - Answer (click here)
  4. Ascent of Sap - Answer (click here)
  5. Transpiration and Types of Transpiration - Answer (click here)
  6. Stomata: Process of Stomatal Tranpiration and Factors affecting - Answer (click here)
  7. Photosynthesis: Process, Organ, Factors Affecting, Importance - Answer (click here)
  8. Importance of Photosynthesis - Answer (click here)
  9. Some Experiments on Photosynthesis - Answer (click here)
  10. Experiment to demonstrate that Oxygen is evolved during Photosynthesis - Answer (click here)
  11. Experiment to show that photosynthesis do not occur without chlorophyll - Answer (click here)
  12. Experiment to show that light is essential for Photosynthesis - Answer (click here)
  13. Experiment to show that photosynthesis cannot occur without CO2 - Answer (click here)
  14. Evolution of O2 during photosynthesis - Answer (click here)
  15. Respiration: Respiratory substrate, Types of respiration - Answer (click here)
  16. Importance of Aerobic and Anaerobic Respiration - Answer (click here)
  17. Factors Affecting Respiration - Answer (click here)
  18. Experiment to prove that Heat is evolved during Respiration - Answer (click here)
  19. Experiment of Anaerobic Respiration - Answer (click here)
  20. Growth and Development of Plant - Answer (click here)
  21. Tropism - Answer (click here)
  22. Effect of Light and Temperature on Plant Growth and Yield - Answer (click here)
  23. Importance of photoperiodism and Vernalization - Answer (click here)

Flower

  1. Different Parts of a Flower(Datura Flower) - Answer (click here)
  2. Different kinds of Flower - Answer (click here)

Pollination Fertilization And Dispersal of Fruits and seeds

  1. Pollination: Two types, Significance, Merits, Demerits - Answer (click here)
  2. Pollinating Agents: Types and Characteristics - Answer (click here)
  3. Fertilization in Plant - Answer (click here)
  4. Dispersal of Fruits and Seeds - Answer (click here)

Reproduction of Plants

  1. Reproduction of Plants and itsTypes - Answer (click here)

Organism and Environment

  1. Organism and Environment - Answer (click here)
  2. Components of Ecology - Answer (click here)
  3. Food chain - Answer (click here)
  4. Food web - Answer (click here)
  5. Nutrient flow in Eco system - Answer (click here)
  6. Energy flow in Ecosystem - Answer (click here)
  7. Major Eco systems - Answer (click here)
  8. Responsibility of man in maintaining balance of an environment - Answer (click here)

Pollution and Conservation of Environment

  1. Pollution and Conservation of Environment - Answer (click here)
  2. Green House Effect - Answer (click here)
  3. Role of Human beings in conservation of Environment - Answer (click here)
  4. Effect of Urbanization and Industrialisation on Environment - Answer (click here)
  5. Industrialisation is mainly of two types - Answer (click here)

Natural Diversities of Bangladesh Distribution of Plants and Animals

  1. Natural Diversities of Bangladesh-Distribution of Plants and Animals - Answer (click here)
  2. Recent flood plain - Answer (click here)
  3. Haor and other Marshy lands - Answer (click here)
  4. Pleistocene uplands - Answer (click here)
  5. Tertiary hilly region - Answer (click here)
  6. Coastal Forest or Mangrove forest - Answer (click here)
  7. Saint Martin's Island - Answer (click here)

Economic Biology Botany

  1. Food producing plants - Answer (click here)
  2. Cloth producing plants - Answer (click here)
  3. Plants used for house building purposes - Answer (click here)
  4. Medicinal Plants - Answer (click here)
  5. Beverage yielding plants - Answer (click here)

Economic Biology

  1. Prawn Culture: Economic importance and Kinds of prawn - Answer (click here)
  2. Method of culture of fresh water prawn or Galda prawn - Answer (click here)
  3. Method of culture of saline water prawn or Bagda prawn - Answer (click here)
  4. Introduction of fishes - Answer (click here)
  5. Importance of fish cultivation - Answer (click here)
  6. Method of fish culture - Answer (click here)
  7. Culture of silk worms or sericulture - Answer (click here)
  8. Characteristics of silk fibers and economic importance of silk worms - Answer (click here)
  9. Life cycle and silk cultivation - Answer (click here)
  10. Bee keeping: Castes, life cycle, economic importance, artificial bee culture - Answer (click here)
  11. Castes(various types) of bees - Answer (click here)
  12. Life cycle of bees - Answer (click here)
  13. Some harmful insects or pests of paddy and jute - Answer (click here)

Practical Botany

  1. Microscope: Structure, Uses, Functioning Processes of Simple , Compound Microscope - Answer (click here)
  2. Study of the Structure of a Flowering Plant - Answer (click here)
  3. Study of the Structure of Plant and Animal Cells - Answer (click here)
  4. Study of the Stages of Mitosis from Permanent Slides - Answer (click here)
  5. Study of Distribution of Tissue System in Dicot Stem - Answer (click here)
  6. Study of the Structural Features of Different Plant Groups - Answer (click here)
  7. Experiment to Demonstrate the Process of Osmosis with the help of Raisin - Answer (click here)
  8. Demonstration of cell-to-cell osmosis by Potato Osmoscope - Answer (click here)
  9. Demonstration of Ascent of sap from root to stem and leaves with the help of Peperomia plant - Answer (click here)
  10. Experiment to show that Light is essential for Photosynthesis - Answer (click here)
  11. Experiment to prove that Heat is evolved during Respiration - Answer (click here)
  12. Experiment to show the germination of pollen grains to form pollen tube - Answer (click here)
  13. Experiment to show that CO2 is evolved during respiration - Answer (click here)

Practical Zoology

  1. Earthworm: Classification, External Features, Digestive System, Method of Dissection - Answer (click here)
  2. Prawn: Classification, External Features, Digestive System, Method of Dissection - Answer (click here)
  3. Grasshopper: Classification, External Features, Digestive System, Method of Dissection - Answer (click here)
  4. Toad: External Features, Digestive System, Method of Dissection, Skeleton - Answer (click here)
  5. Digestive system of Toad - Answer (click here)
  6. Skeleton of toad - Answer (click here)
  7. Channa punctatus (Lata/Taki Fish): External Features, Digestive System, Method of Dissection - Answer (click here)
  8. Examples of Animals taken from each of the major Phyla, their identifying Characters, Observations and Figures - Answer (click here)
Subject : The Massage Connection ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY

Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology

  1. Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology - The Massage Connection - Answer (click here)
  2. Levels of Organization-An Overview - Answer (click here)
  3. The Holistic Approach - Answer (click here)
  4. Homeostasis - Answer (click here)
  5. Systems of the Body - Answer (click here)
  6. Planes of Reference - Answer (click here)
  7. Human Anatomic Position - Answer (click here)
  8. Directional References - Human Anatomy and Physiology - Answer (click here)
  9. Body Regions - Massage Connection - Answer (click here)
  10. Body Cavities - Massage Connection - Answer (click here)
  11. Levels of Organization - Answer (click here)
  12. Chemical Level of Organization - Answer (click here)
  13. Cellular Level of Organization - Answer (click here)
  14. Tissue Level of Organization - Answer (click here)
  15. The Atom - Answer (click here)
  16. Isotopes - Answer (click here)
  17. Chemical Bonds - Answer (click here)
  18. Chemical Reactions in the human body - Answer (click here)
  19. Acidity and Alkalinity in the human body - Answer (click here)
  20. Important Organic Compounds in the Body - Answer (click here)
  21. Organelles - Answer (click here)
  22. The Nucleus - Answer (click here)
  23. Cell Membrane (Plasma Membrane) - Answer (click here)
  24. Membrane Transport in Cell: Passive and Active Transport - Answer (click here)
  25. The Cell Life Cycle - Answer (click here)
  26. Epithelial Tissue - Answer (click here)
  27. Epithelia Classification: Simple, Stratified, Glandular Epithelium - Answer (click here)
  28. Connective Tissue - Answer (click here)
  29. Effects of Age on Tissue - Answer (click here)
  30. Implications for Bodyworkers - Answer (click here)

Integumentary System

  1. Integumentary System - Answer (click here)
  2. Functions of the Skin - Answer (click here)
  3. Structure of the Skin - Answer (click here)
  4. The Epidermis - Structure of the Skin - Answer (click here)
  5. The Dermis - Structure of the Skin - Answer (click here)
  6. Nerve Supply to The Skin - Answer (click here)
  7. Blood Circulation in the Skin - Answer (click here)
  8. Skin and Temperature Control - Answer (click here)
  9. Variation in Skin Color - Answer (click here)
  10. Blood Flow and Skin Color Changes - Answer (click here)
  11. Pigmentation of Skin By Carotene - Answer (click here)
  12. Subcutaneous Layer, or Hypodermis - Answer (click here)
  13. Accessory structures of the skin - Answer (click here)
  14. Absorption Through the Skin - Answer (click here)
  15. Microorganisms on the Skin - Answer (click here)
  16. Inflammation and Healing on the surface of the skin - Answer (click here)
  17. Effects of Aging on theIntegumentary System - Answer (click here)
  18. Integumentary System and Bodyworkers - Answer (click here)
  19. Massage Techniques and the Effects on the Body - Answer (click here)
  20. Effect of Heat on Skin - Answer (click here)
  21. Effect of Cold on Skin - Answer (click here)
  22. Water and Skin - Answer (click here)
  23. Body Wraps and Skin - Answer (click here)
  24. Skin Lesions and Bodyworkers - Answer (click here)

Skeletal System and Joints

  1. The Skeletal System - Answer (click here)
  2. Bone Functions - Answer (click here)
  3. Structure and Formation of Bone - Answer (click here)
  4. Bone Remodeling - Answer (click here)
  5. Parts of a Long Bone - Answer (click here)
  6. Types of Bones - Answer (click here)
  7. Human Skeleton - Answer (click here)
  8. The Skull - Answer (click here)
  9. Bones of the Face - Answer (click here)
  10. The Mandible - The Axial Skeleton - Answer (click here)
  11. The Vertebral Column - Axial Skeleton - Answer (click here)
  12. Vertebral Regions and Spinal Curvatures - The Vertebral Column - Answer (click here)
  13. Characteristics of Vertebrae in Different Regions - Vertebral Column - Answer (click here)
  14. The Sacrum - Vertebral Column - Answer (click here)
  15. Intervertebral Disks - Vertebral Column - Answer (click here)
  16. The Thorax - Answer (click here)
  17. Pectoral Girdle and the Upper Limbs - Answer (click here)
  18. The Pelvic Girdle and Lower Limbs - Answer (click here)
  19. The Pelvic Girdle - Answer (click here)
  20. Ilium - Pelvic Girdle - Answer (click here)
  21. Ischium - Pelvic Girdle - Answer (click here)
  22. The Femur - Pelvic Girdle - Answer (click here)
  23. The Patella - Pelvic Girdle - Answer (click here)
  24. The Tibia - Pelvic Girdle - Answer (click here)
  25. The Fibula - Pelvic Girdle - Answer (click here)
  26. The Ankle - Pelvic Girdle - Answer (click here)
  27. Joint Classifications - Answer (click here)
  28. Stability of Synovial Joints - Answer (click here)
  29. Movement Across the Joints - Answer (click here)
  30. Classification of Synovial Joints - Answer (click here)
  31. Individual Joints - Answer (click here)
  32. TemporoMandibular Joint (TMJ) - Answer (click here)
  33. Intervertebral Articulation - Answer (click here)
  34. RIB Cage Articulations - Answer (click here)
  35. Joints of the Pectoral Girdle and Upper Limb - Answer (click here)
  36. The Sternoclavicular Joint - Answer (click here)
  37. Acromioclavicular Joint - Answer (click here)
  38. Glenohumeral Joint - Answer (click here)
  39. The Elbow Joint - Answer (click here)
  40. Joints of the Pelvic Girdle and Lower Limbs - Answer (click here)
  41. Sacroiliac Joint - Answer (click here)
  42. The Hip Joint - Answer (click here)
  43. The Knee Joint - Answer (click here)
  44. Tibiofibular Joint (Proximal and Distal) - Answer (click here)
  45. The Ankle Joint and Joints of the Foot - Answer (click here)
  46. Arches of the Foot - Answer (click here)
  47. Age-Related Changes on the Skeletal System and Joints - Answer (click here)
  48. The Skeletal System, Joints, and Massage - Answer (click here)

Muscular System

  1. Muscle Tissue and Physiology of Muscle Contraction - Answer (click here)
  2. Structure of Skeletal Muscle - Answer (click here)
  3. Myofilament: the Specialized proteins of Myofibrils - Answer (click here)
  4. Sliding Filament Mechanism - Answer (click here)
  5. Characteristics of Whole muscle Contraction - Answer (click here)
  6. Muscle Tone - Answer (click here)
  7. Muscle Spindles - Answer (click here)
  8. Tendon Organs - Answer (click here)
  9. Isotonic and Isometric contractions - Answer (click here)
  10. Muscle Energetics - Answer (click here)
  11. A Summary of the Role of CNS in Muscle Function Control - Answer (click here)
  12. Physical Conditioning - Muscular System - Answer (click here)
  13. Cardiac, Smooth, and Skeletal Muscle - Answer (click here)
  14. Cardiac Muscle and Skeletal Muscle - Answer (click here)
  15. Smooth Muscle and Skeletal Muscle - Answer (click here)
  16. Muscle Terminology and Major Muscles of the Body - Answer (click here)
  17. The Axial Musculature - Origin and Insertion of Muscles - Answer (click here)
  18. Appendicular Musculature - Origin and Insertion of Muscles - Answer (click here)
  19. Muscles Of The Lower Limb - Origin and Insertion of Muscles - Answer (click here)
  20. Muscular System and Aging - Answer (click here)
  21. Muscular System and Massage - Answer (click here)

Nervous System

  1. Organization of the Nervous System - Answer (click here)
  2. Structure of the Neuron - Answer (click here)
  3. The Synapse - Answer (click here)
  4. Classification of Neurons - Answer (click here)
  5. Neuroglia - Answer (click here)
  6. Production and Propagation of Impulses - Answer (click here)
  7. Differences in Propagation of action Potential in Myelinatedand Unmyelinated Axons - Answer (click here)
  8. Synaptic Transmission - Answer (click here)
  9. Examples of Neurotransmitters - Answer (click here)
  10. Electrical Synapses - Nervous System - Answer (click here)
  11. Summation - Nervous System - Answer (click here)
  12. Factors that Affect Neural Function - Answer (click here)
  13. Functional Organization of Neurons - Answer (click here)
  14. Standard Terms and Grouping - Nervous System - Answer (click here)
  15. Regeneration and Degenerationof Neurons - Answer (click here)
  16. Sense Organs and Initiation of Impulses - Answer (click here)
  17. Cutaneous Receptors - Sensory Nervous System - Answer (click here)
  18. An Overview of Electrical and Ionic Events in Receptors - Answer (click here)
  19. Perception of Sensations - Sensory Nervous System - Answer (click here)
  20. The Spinal Cord, Spinal nerves, and Dermatomes - Answer (click here)
  21. Anatomic Structure of the Spinal Cord - Answer (click here)
  22. Distribution of Spinal Nerves - Answer (click here)
  23. Nerve Plexus - Answer (click here)
  24. Reflexes - Nervous System - Answer (click here)
  25. Monosynaptic Reflex:The Stretch Reflex - Answer (click here)
  26. Muscle Spindle - Nervous System - Answer (click here)
  27. Reciprocal Innervation - Nervous System - Answer (click here)
  28. Inverse Stretch Reflex - Nervous System - Answer (click here)
  29. Polysynaptic Reflexes: Withdrawal Reflex - Answer (click here)
  30. The Final Common Path - Nervous System - Answer (click here)
  31. Input to Motor Neurons - Nervous System - Answer (click here)
  32. Pathways of Cutaneous and Visceral Sensations - Answer (click here)
  33. Direct Pathway of Fine Touch and Proprioception Senses - Answer (click here)
  34. Direct Pathway of Pain and temperature (and Remaining fibers of Touch) Senses - Answer (click here)
  35. Representation of the Body in the Cerebral Cortex - Answer (click here)
  36. The Brain and Brain Divisions - Answer (click here)
  37. Integrative Centers - Brain and Brain Divisions - Answer (click here)
  38. Right and Left Hemisphere Specializations - Brain and Brain Divisions - Answer (click here)
  39. The Limbic System - Brain and Brain Divisions - Answer (click here)
  40. The Thalamus - Brain and Brain Divisions - Answer (click here)
  41. The Hypothalamus - Brain and Brain Divisions - Answer (click here)
  42. Cranial Nerves - Answer (click here)
  43. Control of Posture and Movement - Answer (click here)
  44. General Principles of the Control of Voluntary Movements - Answer (click here)
  45. The Motor Cortex - Control of Posture and Movement - Answer (click here)
  46. Lesions and Muscle Tone - Control of Posture and Movement - Answer (click here)
  47. Vestibular Apparatus - Control of Posture and Movement - Answer (click here)
  48. Motor System Lesions - Control of Posture and Movement - Answer (click here)
  49. The Autonomic Nervous System - Answer (click here)
  50. Age-Related Changes in the Nervous System - Answer (click here)
  51. Bodyworkers and the Nervous System - Answer (click here)

Endocrine System

  1. General Properties of Hormones - Answer (click here)
  2. Control of Endocrine Glands - Answer (click here)
  3. Hypothalamus - The Endocrine Glands - Answer (click here)
  4. The Pituitary Gland (Hypophysis) - The Endocrine Glands - Answer (click here)
  5. Thyroid Gland - The Endocrine Glands - Answer (click here)
  6. Parathyroid Glands - The Endocrine Glands - Answer (click here)
  7. Adrenal Glands - The Endocrine Glands - Answer (click here)
  8. Pineal Gland - The Endocrine Glands - Answer (click here)
  9. Endocrine Function of The Pancreas - Answer (click here)
  10. The Endocrine Function of the Kidneys - Answer (click here)
  11. The Endocrine Function of the Heart - Answer (click here)
  12. Thymus gland - The Endocrine Glands - Answer (click here)
  13. Digestive Tract - The Endocrine Glands - Answer (click here)
  14. The Endocrine Function of Adipose Tissue - Answer (click here)
  15. Age-Related Changes in the Endocrine System - Answer (click here)
  16. Endocrine System and Massage - Answer (click here)

Reproductive System

  1. Genetic Sex - Answer (click here)
  2. Fetal Development - Answer (click here)
  3. Puberty - Answer (click here)
  4. Testis - Male Reproductive System - Answer (click here)
  5. The Vas Deferens - Male Reproductive System - Answer (click here)
  6. Accessory Glands - Male Reproductive System - Answer (click here)
  7. Semen - Male Reproductive System - Answer (click here)
  8. Penis - Male Reproductive System - Answer (click here)
  9. Endocrine Function of the Testis - Answer (click here)
  10. Ovaries - Female Reproductive System - Answer (click here)
  11. The Uterine Tubes (Fallopiantubes; Oviduct) - Female Reproductive System - Answer (click here)
  12. The Uterus - Female Reproductive System - Answer (click here)
  13. The Vagina - Female Reproductive System - Answer (click here)
  14. The External Genitalia - Female Reproductive System - Answer (click here)
  15. The Menstrual Cycle - Female Reproductive System - Answer (click here)
  16. The Physiology of Sexual Intercourse (In Brief) - Female Reproductive System - Answer (click here)
  17. Contraception (Strategiesfor Birth Control) - Female Reproductive System - Answer (click here)
  18. Development of The Fetus - Answer (click here)
  19. Maternal Changes in Pregnancy - Answer (click here)
  20. Labor - Pregnancy - Answer (click here)
  21. Lactation - Pregnancy - Answer (click here)
  22. Age-Related Changes in the Reproductive System - Answer (click here)
  23. Massage and the Reproductive System - Answer (click here)

Cardiovascular System

  1. Blood - Answer (click here)
  2. Formation of Blood Cells - Answer (click here)
  3. Red Blood Cells - Answer (click here)
  4. Blood Types - Answer (click here)
  5. White Blood Cells (Leukocytes) - Answer (click here)
  6. Platelets - Answer (click here)
  7. Hemostasis - Blood - Answer (click here)
  8. The Clotting Mechanism - Blood - Answer (click here)
  9. Anticlotting Mechanisms - Blood - Answer (click here)
  10. Plasma - Blood - Answer (click here)
  11. An Overview of Circulation in Heart - Answer (click here)
  12. The Heart: Structure and Function - Answer (click here)
  13. Cardiac Centers, Innervation of the Heart, and Factors Affecting Heart Rate - Answer (click here)
  14. Blood Supply to the Heart - Answer (click here)
  15. Cardiac Cycle - The Heart - Answer (click here)
  16. Apex Beat, Arterial Pulse, Venous Pulse - The Heart - Answer (click here)
  17. Factors Affecting Cardiac Output - Answer (click here)
  18. Blood Vessels and Circulation - Answer (click here)
  19. Structure And Function of Blood Vessels - Answer (click here)
  20. Capillaries - Structure And Function of Blood Vessels - Answer (click here)
  21. Venules and Veins - Structure And Function of Blood Vessels - Answer (click here)
  22. Volume in Blood Vessels - Answer (click here)
  23. Major Systemic Arteries - Answer (click here)
  24. Systemic Veins - Answer (click here)
  25. Dynamics of Blood Flow - Answer (click here)
  26. Regulation of the Cardiovascular System - Answer (click here)
  27. Compensatory Adjustment - Regulation of the Cardiovascular System - Answer (click here)
  28. Effect of Aging on the Cardiovascular System - Answer (click here)
  29. Massage and the Cardiovascular System - Answer (click here)

Lymphatic System

  1. Body Fluid Compartments - Answer (click here)
  2. The Lymphatic System - Answer (click here)
  3. Functions of the Lymphatic System - Answer (click here)
  4. Components of the Lymphatic System - Answer (click here)
  5. Drainage Route of Lymph - Answer (click here)
  6. Massage and the Lymphatic System - Answer (click here)
  7. Lymphatic System Immunity - Answer (click here)
  8. Nonspecific Immunity - Lymphatic System Immunity - Answer (click here)
  9. Specific Immunity - Lymphatic System Immunity - Answer (click here)
  10. Lymphocytes - Lymphatic System Immunity - Answer (click here)
  11. Immunization - Lymphatic System Immunity - Answer (click here)
  12. Abnormalities of the Immune System - Lymphatic System Immunity - Answer (click here)
  13. The Lymphatic System, Immunity, and Aging - Answer (click here)
  14. Basic Concepts of Health and Disease - Answer (click here)
  15. General Causes of Disease - Answer (click here)
  16. Infection and Infection Prevention - Answer (click here)
  17. Pathways of Infection - Answer (click here)
  18. Immunity and Massage - Answer (click here)

Respiratory System

  1. Function of the Respiratory System - Answer (click here)
  2. Upper Respiratory Tract - Anatomy of the Respiratory System - Answer (click here)
  3. Lower Respiratory Tract - Anatomy of the Respiratory System - Answer (click here)
  4. Anatomy of the Respiratory System - Answer (click here)
  5. The Pulmonary Circulation - Anatomy of the Respiratory System - Answer (click here)
  6. The Lungs - Anatomy of the Respiratory System - Answer (click here)
  7. The Pleura - Anatomy of the Respiratory System - Answer (click here)
  8. Mechanics of Respiration - Answer (click here)
  9. External Respiration - Answer (click here)
  10. Respiration Muscles - Answer (click here)
  11. Breathing Patterns, Respiratory Volumes, and Capacities - Answer (click here)
  12. Gas Exchange - Respiratory System - Answer (click here)
  13. Transport of Gases - Respiratory System - Answer (click here)
  14. Regulation of Respiration - Answer (click here)
  15. Effect of Exercise on the Respiratory System - Answer (click here)
  16. Effect of Cold on the Respiratory System - Answer (click here)
  17. Effect of Aging on the Respiratory System - Answer (click here)
  18. Respiratory System and Massage - Answer (click here)

Digestive System

  1. Functions of Gastrointestinal System - Answer (click here)
  2. Components of the Gastrointestinal System - Answer (click here)
  3. Wall of the Digestive Tract - Answer (click here)
  4. Peritoneum - Answer (click here)
  5. Movement in the Digestive Tract - Answer (click here)
  6. Factors Controlling Digestive Function - Answer (click here)
  7. An Overview of Nutrition - Answer (click here)
  8. Functions of Important Nutrients - Answer (click here)
  9. Regulation of Food Intake - Answer (click here)
  10. The Structure and Function of Individual Organs of the Digestive System - Answer (click here)
  11. Mouth and Associated Structures - Structure and Function of Digestive System - Answer (click here)
  12. Salivary Glands and Saliva - Structure and Function of Digestive System - Answer (click here)
  13. Pharynx, Esophagus - Structure and Function of Digestive System - Answer (click here)
  14. Stomach - Structure and Function of Digestive System - Answer (click here)
  15. Small Intestine - Structure and Function of Digestive System - Answer (click here)
  16. The Pancreas - Structure and Function of Digestive System - Answer (click here)
  17. The liver - Structure and Function of Digestive System - Answer (click here)
  18. Functions of the Liver - Answer (click here)
  19. Gallbladder - Structure and Function of Digestive System - Answer (click here)
  20. Absorption in the Small Intestine - Answer (click here)
  21. Large Intestine - Structure and Function of Digestive System - Answer (click here)
  22. Movement in the Colon and Defecation - Answer (click here)
  23. Digestion and Absorption of Food in the Gut - Answer (click here)
  24. Metabolism - Answer (click here)
  25. Basal Metabolic Rate - Answer (click here)
  26. Age-Related Changes in the Gastrointestinal System - Answer (click here)
  27. The Gastrointestinal System and Bodywork - Answer (click here)

Urinary System

  1. Functions of the Urinary System - Answer (click here)
  2. Components of the Urinary System - Answer (click here)
  3. The Kidneys - Answer (click here)
  4. Nephron - The Kidneys - Answer (click here)
  5. Urine Formation - Answer (click here)
  6. Composition of Urine - Answer (click here)
  7. Transportation and Elimination of Urine - Answer (click here)
  8. Urination or Micturition - Answer (click here)
  9. Age-Related Changes in the Genitourinary System - Answer (click here)
  10. Bodyworkers and the Urinary System - Answer (click here)
Subject : Biotechnology

Recombinant DNA Technology

  1. Tools of rDNA technology - Answer (click here)
  2. Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) - Answer (click here)
  3. Vectors: Vehicles for cloning - Answer (click here)
  4. Plasmids - Answer (click here)
  5. Vectors based on bacteriophages - Answer (click here)
  6. Making rDNA - Answer (click here)
  7. Introduction of rDNA into host cells - Recombinant DNA Technology - Answer (click here)
  8. Identification of Recombinants - Recombinant DNA Technology - Answer (click here)
  9. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) - Answer (click here)
  10. Hybridisation Techniques - Recombinant DNA Technology - Answer (click here)
  11. DNA Library - Answer (click here)
  12. DNA Sequencing - Answer (click here)
  13. Site-directed Mutagenesis - Answer (click here)

Protein Structure And Engineering

  1. Introduction to the World of Proteins - Answer (click here)
  2. 3-D Shape of Proteins - Answer (click here)
  3. Structure-Function relationship in Proteins - Answer (click here)
  4. Chymotrypsin, a proteolytic enzyme - Answer (click here)
  5. Molecular Disease- Sickle cell anaemia - Answer (click here)
  6. Protein Finger printing- Peptide Mapping - Answer (click here)
  7. 2-D Gel Electrophoresis - Answer (click here)
  8. Purification of Proteins - Answer (click here)
  9. Characterisation of Proteins - Answer (click here)
  10. Protein Based Products - Answer (click here)
  11. Designing Proteins (Protein Engineering) - Answer (click here)

Genomics and Bioinformatics

  1. Genomics and Bioinformatics - Answer (click here)
  2. Genome Sequencing Projects - Answer (click here)
  3. Gene prediction and counting - Answer (click here)
  4. Genome Similarity, SNPs and Comparative Genomics - Answer (click here)
  5. Functional Genomics - Answer (click here)
  6. Fluorescence in situ hybridization - Answer (click here)
  7. Microarray Technology - Answer (click here)
  8. Proteomics and Types of Proteomics - Answer (click here)
  9. History of Bioinformatics - Answer (click here)
  10. Sequences and nomenclature - Bioinformatics - Answer (click here)
  11. Different types of sequences - Bioinformatics - Answer (click here)
  12. Information Sources - Bioinformatics - Answer (click here)
  13. Analysis using Bioinformatics tools - Answer (click here)

Microbial Cell Culture and its Applications

  1. Microbial Cell Culture and its Applications - Answer (click here)
  2. Microbial culture techniques - Answer (click here)
  3. Measurement and kinetics of microbial growth - Answer (click here)
  4. Scale-up of microbial processes - Answer (click here)
  5. Isolation of microbial products - Answer (click here)
  6. Strain isolation, improvement and preservation - Answer (click here)
  7. Applications of microbial culture technology - Answer (click here)
  8. Biosafety issues in Microbial Technology - Answer (click here)

Plant Cell Culture and Applications

  1. Plant Cell Culture and Applications - Answer (click here)
  2. Cell and Tissue Culture Techniques - Answer (click here)
  3. Applications of Cell and Tissue Culture - Answer (click here)
  4. Gene transfer methods in plants - Answer (click here)
  5. Transgenic plants with beneficial traits - Answer (click here)
  6. Biotic and Abiotic stress tolerance - Answer (click here)
  7. Biosafety in Plant Genetic Engineering - Answer (click here)

Animal Cell Culture and Applications

  1. Animal Cell Culture and Applications - Answer (click here)
  2. Animal Cell Culture Techniques - Answer (click here)
  3. Characterization of Cell Lines - Answer (click here)
  4. Methods of Gene Delivery into Cells - Answer (click here)
  5. Scale-up of Animal Culture Process - Answer (click here)
  6. Applications of Animal Cell culture - Answer (click here)
  7. Stem Cell Technology - Answer (click here)
  8. Tissue engineering - Answer (click here)
Subject : Basic Concept of Biotechnology

Biomolecules

  1. Biomolecules - Answer (click here)
  2. Carbohydrates - Answer (click here)
  3. Classification of Carbohydrates - Answer (click here)
  4. Structure of Monosaccharide’s - Answer (click here)
  5. Structure of Di Saccharides and Polysaccharides - Answer (click here)
  6. Importance of carbohydrates - Answer (click here)
  7. Rare sugars - Answer (click here)
  8. Nucleic Acids - Answer (click here)
  9. Structure of Nucleic Acids - Answer (click here)
  10. Watson and Crick’s double helix structure of DNA - Answer (click here)
  11. Tautomerism - Answer (click here)
  12. Nucleosides and nucleotides - Answer (click here)
  13. Proteins - Biomolecules - Answer (click here)
  14. Amino Acids and Classification of Amino Acids - Answer (click here)
  15. Non-proteinogenic amino acids and its role - Answer (click here)
  16. Classification of Proteins - Answer (click here)
  17. Structure of Proteins - Answer (click here)
  18. Biological Importance of Proteins - Answer (click here)
  19. Lipids and Classification of Lipids - Answer (click here)
  20. Structure of lipids - Answer (click here)
  21. Fatty Acids - Answer (click here)
  22. Triacylglycerols - Answer (click here)
  23. Phospholipids - Answer (click here)
  24. Sterols and sterol esters - Answer (click here)

Computer Applications and Biostatistics

  1. Computer Applications and Biostatistics - Answer (click here)
  2. Information and computer technology - Answer (click here)
  3. Biostatistics - Answer (click here)
  4. Types of Data - Biostatistics - Answer (click here)
  5. Measures of Central Tendencies - Biostatistics - Answer (click here)
  6. Types of Distribution - Biostatistics - Answer (click here)
  7. Applications of Standard Error of Mean - Answer (click here)
  8. Confidence Interval (CI) - Answer (click here)
  9. Null Hypothesis - Answer (click here)
  10. Level of Significance - Answer (click here)
  11. Outliers - Answer (click here)
  12. One tailed and two tailed Test - Answer (click here)
  13. Importance of Sample Size Determination - Answer (click here)
  14. Factors Influencing Sample Size Include - Answer (click here)
  15. Sample Size Determination and Variance Estimate - Answer (click here)
  16. How to Choose an Appropriate Statistical Test - Answer (click here)
  17. Non-parametric tests used for analysis of different types of data - Answer (click here)
  18. Common problems faced by researcher in any trial and how to address them - Answer (click here)
  19. Biological data and its diversity - Answer (click here)
  20. Application of computer and statistics in biology - Answer (click here)

Macromolecules and Analytical Techniques

  1. Macromolecules and Analytical Techniques - Answer (click here)
  2. Macromolecules - Answer (click here)
  3. Centrifugation - Analysis of biomolecules - Answer (click here)
  4. Chromatography: Types, Principle, Application - Analysis of biomolecules - Answer (click here)
  5. Electrophoresis - Analysis of biomolecules - Answer (click here)
  6. Spectroscopy - Analysis of biomolecules - Answer (click here)
  7. UV Visible spectroscopy - Analysis of biomolecules - Answer (click here)
  8. Infra Red Spectropscopy (IR spectroscopy) - Analysis of biomolecules - Answer (click here)
  9. Fluorometry - Analysis of biomolecules - Answer (click here)
  10. Mass Spectrometry - Analysis of biomolecules - Answer (click here)
  11. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy - Analysis of biomolecules - Answer (click here)

Plant Molecular Farming A Promising Stratergy in Biotechnology

  1. Plant Molecular Farming: A Promising Stratergy in Biotechnology - Answer (click here)
  2. Plants as Expression Systems - Answer (click here)
  3. Types of Biomolecules and recent examples - Answer (click here)
  4. Plant made pharmaceuticals (PMPs) - Answer (click here)
  5. Plant made nutritional compounds (PMNs) - Answer (click here)
  6. Plant made vaccines (PMVs) - Answer (click here)
  7. Plant made plastics (PMPs) - Answer (click here)
  8. Plant made industrial compounds (PMIs) - Answer (click here)
  9. The plant endomembrane system - Answer (click here)
  10. Subcellular Targeting of proteins in plants - Answer (click here)
  11. Different plant species as platform for molecular farming - Answer (click here)
  12. Plant Transformation - Answer (click here)
  13. Optimization of transgene expression in host plant - Answer (click here)
  14. Downstream processing of recombinant proteins - Answer (click here)
  15. Use of affinity tags for purification - Answer (click here)
  16. Use of non-chromatographic methods - Answer (click here)
  17. Biosafety and regulatory issues - Answer (click here)

Plant Transgenics Genetic Engineering Approch to Devlop Biotic Stress Resistance Plants

  1. Plant Transgenics: Genetic Engineering Approch to Devlop Biotic Stress Resistance Plants - Answer (click here)
  2. The Power of Biotechnology - Answer (click here)
  3. Strategies for Competitiveness - Biotechnology - Answer (click here)
  4. Tools of Genetic Engineering in Plants - Answer (click here)
  5. DNA Delivery Systems - Plant Transgenics - Answer (click here)
  6. The Selection and Analysis of Transformants - Plant Transgenics - Answer (click here)
  7. Modification of regulatory elements of marker genes - Plant Transgenics - Answer (click here)
  8. More ‘Friendly’ Selectable Markers: the Positive Selection Method - Plant Transgenics - Answer (click here)
  9. Biotic Stress - Answer (click here)
  10. Virus Resistance - Answer (click here)
  11. RNAi Technology - Answer (click here)
  12. Fungal Resistance - Answer (click here)
  13. Bacterial Resistance - Answer (click here)
  14. Nematode Resistance - Answer (click here)

Animal Biotechnology

  1. Animal Biotechnology - Answer (click here)
  2. Cell Culture - Animal Biotechnology - Answer (click here)
  3. Criteria for Subculture - Animal Biotechnology - Answer (click here)
  4. Culture Conditions and Mammalian Cell - Animal Biotechnology - Answer (click here)
  5. Aseptic Techniques - Animal Biotechnology - Answer (click here)
  6. Cryopreservation Medium - Answer (click here)
  7. Protocol for Cryopreserving Cultured Cells - Answer (click here)
  8. Protocol for Thawing Frozen Cells - Answer (click here)
  9. Biological Contamination - Answer (click here)
  10. Protocol for Microbial Decontamination - Answer (click here)
  11. Protocol for Treating Mycoplasma contaminated Cell Cultures with BM Cyclin - Answer (click here)
  12. Cell Viability (quantitation and cytotoxicity) - Answer (click here)
  13. Factors to Consider When Choosing a Cell Viability Assay - Answer (click here)
  14. Cell Viability Assays that Measure ATP and Metabolic Capacity - Answer (click here)
  15. Cytotoxicity Assays: Determining the Number of Live and Dead Cells - Answer (click here)
  16. Trypan Blue - Answer (click here)
  17. Concentrating Cells - Answer (click here)
  18. Cell Proliferation - Animal Biotechnology - Answer (click here)
  19. Cell Cycle - Animal Biotechnology - Answer (click here)
  20. Cytotoxicity - Answer (click here)
  21. Applications of cell culture - Answer (click here)
  22. What are stem cells, and why are they important? - Answer (click here)
  23. What are the unique properties of all stem cells? - Answer (click here)
  24. Embryonic stem cells grown in the laboratory - Answer (click here)
  25. Similarities and Differences between Embryonic and Adult stem cells - Answer (click here)
  26. Potential uses of human stem cells and the obstacles - Answer (click here)
  27. Genetic manipulation of animals (animal models in research) - Answer (click here)
  28. Animal Breeding and Transgenic Animals - Answer (click here)
  29. Methods of genetic manipulation in animals - Answer (click here)
  30. A brief history of cloning - Answer (click here)
  31. Cloning - Answer (click here)
  32. Use of Animals in Research - Answer (click here)
  33. Improving Agricultural Products with Transgenics - Answer (click here)
  34. Genetically Engineered Insulin - Answer (click here)
  35. Gene Therapy - Answer (click here)
  36. Monoclonal Antibodies - Answer (click here)
  37. Economic impact in developing countries - Animal Biotechnology - Answer (click here)
  38. Ethical Issues(biosafety and regulatory issues) - Animal Biotechnology - Answer (click here)

Medical Biotechnology

  1. Medical Biotechnology - Answer (click here)
  2. History of Medical Biotechnology - Answer (click here)
  3. Human Genome Project and its influence on medical biotechnology - Answer (click here)
  4. Detecting Genetic Diseases - Answer (click here)
  5. Biotech in the Hospital - Answer (click here)
  6. Role of biotechnology in diagnostics and Therapeutics - Answer (click here)
  7. Role of biotechnology in developing vaccines - Answer (click here)
  8. Treatments developed with the aid of biotechnology - Answer (click here)
  9. Other Applications of Biotechnology in Medical field - Answer (click here)
  10. Designer Babies - Medical Biotechnology - Answer (click here)
  11. New Biotech Breakthroughs about to change Medicine - Answer (click here)

Tools and Techniques in Biotechnology

  1. Tools and Techniques in Biotechnology - Answer (click here)
  2. Basic Tools in the Biotechnology - Answer (click here)
  3. Measurement of Volume - Tools used in Biotechnology - Answer (click here)
  4. Measurement of Weight - Tools used in Biotechnology - Answer (click here)
  5. Measurement of pH - Tools used in Biotechnology - Answer (click here)
  6. Measurement of light - Tools used in Biotechnology - Answer (click here)
  7. Solution Preparation - Tools used in Biotechnology - Answer (click here)
  8. Microbiological techniques - Tools used in Biotechnology - Answer (click here)
  9. Preparation of biological samples for analysis - Tools used in Biotechnology - Answer (click here)
  10. Separation of macromolecules - Tools used in Biotechnology - Answer (click here)
  11. Manipulation of Nucleic Acids - Tools used in Biotechnology - Answer (click here)
  12. Techniques of Biotechnology and Innovations - Answer (click here)
  13. Isolation of Nucleic Acid (DNA) - Techniques of Biotechnology and Innovations - Answer (click here)
  14. Plasmid Isolation - Techniques of Biotechnology and Innovations - Answer (click here)
  15. RNA Isolation and mRNA Purification - Techniques of Biotechnology and Innovations - Answer (click here)
  16. Gene Isolation - Techniques of Biotechnology and Innovations - Answer (click here)
  17. Molecular Mapping - Techniques of Biotechnology and Innovations - Answer (click here)
  18. Genomic DNA Library Construction - Techniques of Biotechnology and Innovations - Answer (click here)
  19. Transformation Techniques - Techniques of Biotechnology and Innovations - Answer (click here)
  20. Direct Gene Transformation - Techniques of Biotechnology and Innovations - Answer (click here)
  21. Labeling Methods - Techniques of Biotechnology and Innovations - Answer (click here)
  22. Southern Blotting Technique - Techniques of Biotechnology and Innovations - Answer (click here)
  23. In Situ Hybridization (ISH) - Techniques of Biotechnology and Innovations - Answer (click here)
  24. Polymerase Chain Reaction(PCR) - Techniques of Biotechnology and Innovations - Answer (click here)
  25. Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (FISH) - Techniques of Biotechnology and Innovations - Answer (click here)
  26. DNA Sequencing Techniques - Techniques of Biotechnology and Innovations - Answer (click here)
  27. Microarray - Techniques of Biotechnology and Innovations - Answer (click here)
  28. Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) - Techniques of Biotechnology and Innovations - Answer (click here)

Antibiotics Microbial Sources Production and Optimization

  1. Antibiotics - Answer (click here)
  2. Antibacterial agents - Answer (click here)
  3. Actinomycetes - Answer (click here)
  4. Marine actinomycetes - Answer (click here)
  5. Streptomyces - Answer (click here)
  6. Identification of actinomycetes - Answer (click here)
  7. Metabolite production by marine Streptomyces - Answer (click here)
  8. Antagonistic marine actinomycetes in Indian peninsula - Answer (click here)
  9. Optimization of fermentation conditions - Answer (click here)

Biotechnology in Forensic Sciences

  1. History of Forensic Genetic Typing - Answer (click here)
  2. Introduction - Biotechnology in Forensic Sciences - Answer (click here)
  3. Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) - Answer (click here)
  4. Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AMP-FLP) - Answer (click here)
  5. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) - Biotechnology in Forensic Sciences - Answer (click here)
  6. Short Tandem Repeats (STRs) - Biotechnology in Forensic Sciences - Answer (click here)
  7. Y-Short Tandem Repeats - Answer (click here)
  8. X-chromosomal short tandem repeats (ChrX STRs) - Answer (click here)
  9. mtDNA in forensic science - Answer (click here)
  10. Microbial Forensics - Answer (click here)
  11. Non-human DNA Forensics - Answer (click here)
Subject : Pharmaceutical Biotechnology: Fundamentals and Applications

Molecular Biotechnology

  1. Molecular Biotechnology: Introduction - Answer (click here)
  2. The Cells: Prokaryotic Cell and Eukaryotic Cell - Answer (click here)
  3. Gene Expression - Answer (click here)
  4. DNA Replication - Answer (click here)
  5. Gene Transcription - Answer (click here)
  6. Gene Translation - Answer (click here)
  7. Recombinant DNA Technology - Answer (click here)
  8. DNA Transfer - Recombinant DNA Technology - Answer (click here)
  9. DNA Sources - Recombinant DNA Technology - Answer (click here)
  10. Production by Recombinant DNA Technology - Answer (click here)
  11. DNA Sequencing - Answer (click here)
  12. Genome Sequencing - Answer (click here)
  13. DNA Hybridization - Answer (click here)
  14. PCR Technology - Answer (click here)
  15. Cell Cultures: Cultivation of Microbes, Animal and Plant Cell Cultures - Answer (click here)

Biophysical and Biochemical Analysis of Recombinant Proteins

  1. Biophysical and Biochemical Analysis of Recombinant Proteins - Answer (click here)
  2. Protein Structure: Primary Structure - Answer (click here)
  3. Protein Structure: Secondary Structure - Answer (click here)
  4. Protein Structure: Tertiary Structure - Answer (click here)
  5. Protein Structure: Forces - Answer (click here)
  6. Protein Structure: Hydration - Answer (click here)
  7. Protein Folding - Answer (click here)
  8. Protein Stability - Answer (click here)
  9. Blotting Techniques - Proteins Analytical Techniques - Answer (click here)
  10. Immunoassays ELISA - Proteins Analytical Techniques - Answer (click here)
  11. Electrophoresis - Proteins Analytical Techniques - Answer (click here)
  12. Chromatography - Proteins Analytical Techniques - Answer (click here)
  13. Bioassays - Proteins Analytical Techniques - Answer (click here)
  14. Mass Spectrometry - Proteins Analytical Techniques - Answer (click here)
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