Essential Clinical Immunology
- Lecture Notes, Study Materials and Important questions answers

Subject : Essential Clinical Immunology

Basic Components of the Immune System

1. Basic Components of the Immune System - Answer (click here)
2. Antigens - Answer (click here)
3. Antibody - Answer (click here)
4. T Cells and their Receptors - Answer (click here)
5. Major Histocompatibility Complex - Answer (click here)
6. Adhesion Molecules - Answer (click here)
7. Cytokines - Answer (click here)
8. Initiation of the Immune Response - Answer (click here)
9. Antibody Production - Answer (click here)
10. Functional Components of the Immune System - Answer (click here)
11. Tissue Damage Pathways: Hypersensitivity Reactions - Answer (click here)

Immunological Techniques

1. Antibody Production - Answer (click here)
2. Immunological Assays - Answer (click here)
3. Lymphocytic Assays - Answer (click here)
4. Fluorescein-Activated Cell Sorter - Answer (click here)
5. Lymphocyte Proliferation Assays - Answer (click here)
6. DNA Technology Assays - Answer (click here)

Immune Regulation

1. Immuno suppression: Immunosuppressive Drugs - Answer (click here)
2. Antibodies and Other Immunosuppressive Methods - Answer (click here)
3. Immunopotentiation - Answer (click here)
4. Cytokine Immunomodulation - Answer (click here)
5. Cellular Vaccines and Modulations There of Dendritic Cell Vaccines - Answer (click here)

Immunological Aspects of Infection

1. Non Specific Resistance - Immunological Aspects of Infection - Answer (click here)
2. Adaptive Immunity - Answer (click here)
3. Bacterial Infection - Answer (click here)
4. Bacterial Superantigens - Answer (click here)
5. Bacterial Evasion of Immune Defense - Answer (click here)
6. Viral Infections - Answer (click here)
7. Fungal Infection - Answer (click here)
8. Parasitic Infection - Answer (click here)

Immunological Aspects of Immunodeficiency Diseases

1. Immunological Aspects of Immunodeficiency Diseases - Answer (click here)
2. Defects in Anatomical or Physiological Barriers to Infection - Answer (click here)
3. Disorders Characterized By Antibody Deficiency - Answer (click here)
4. Clinical Manifestations of Antibody Deficiency - Answer (click here)
5. Major Categories of Antibody Deficiency - Answer (click here)
6. Defects in Cell-Mediated Immunity (T-Cell Dependent Immunity) - Answer (click here)
7. Manifestations of T-Cell Deficiency - Answer (click here)
8. Major Categories of Combined Immunodeficiency - Answer (click here)
9. Immunological and Molecular Classification of SCID - Answer (click here)
10. Treatment of SCID - Answer (click here)
11. DiGeorge’s Syndrome (Thymic Aplasia) - Answer (click here)
12. Phagocyte Deficiencies - Answer (click here)
13. Neutropenia - Phagocyte Deficiencies - Answer (click here)
14. Defects in Leucocyte Migration - Phagocyte Deficiencies - Answer (click here)
15. Defects in Bacterial Killing - Phagocyte Deficiencies - Answer (click here)
16. Defects in Killing of Intracellular Bacteria by Activated Macrophages - Answer (click here)
17. Complex Immunodeficiencies Due to Miscellaneous Defects - Answer (click here)
18. Immunodeficiencies Resulting in Defective Homeostasis of the Immune System - Answer (click here)
19. Defects in the Cytolytic Pathway - Answer (click here)
20. Inherited Deficiency of the Complement System - Answer (click here)
21. Defects in Innate Immunity - Answer (click here)

Autoimmunity

1. Definitions and Types of Autoimmunity - Answer (click here)
2. Type II Autoimmune Reactions - Mechanisms of Autoimmune Tissue Injury and Examples - Answer (click here)
3. Type IIA Autoimmune Reaction: Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia - Mechanisms of Autoimmune Tissue Injury and Examples - Answer (click here)
4. Type IIB Hypersensitivity: Graves’ Disease - Mechanisms of Autoimmune Tissue Injury and Examples - Answer (click here)
5. Type IIB Hypersensitivity: Myasthenia Gravis - Mechanisms of Autoimmune Tissue Injury and Examples - Answer (click here)
6. Type III Autoimmune Reactions (Immune Complex Disease) - Mechanisms of Autoimmune Tissue Injury - Answer (click here)
7. Type IV Autoimmune Reactions (T-Cell Mediated) - Mechanisms of Autoimmune Tissue Injury and Examples - Answer (click here)
8. Epidemiology of Autoimmune Disease - Answer (click here)
9. Animal Models of Autoimmune Disease - Answer (click here)
10. SLE (NZB X NZW F1, MRL, BXSB, TMPD) - Answer (click here)
11. Rheumatoid Arthritis (Collagen-Induced Arthritis, TTP Deficiency, K/BxN Model) - Answer (click here)
12. Multiple Sclerosis (Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis) - Answer (click here)
13. Type I Diabetes (Nonobese Diabetic Mouse Model) - Answer (click here)
14. Autoimmune Thyroiditis (Experimental Autoimmune Thyroiditis) - Answer (click here)
15. Pathogenesis of Autoimmune Disease - Answer (click here)
16. Treatment of Autoimmune Disease - Answer (click here)

Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia

1. B-Cell Activation and Maturation - Answer (click here)
2. Characterizing the Heterogeneity of B-CLL by Molecular and Clinical Subtypes - Answer (click here)
3. Development of B-CLL From Normal B Lymphocytes - Answer (click here)
4. Correlations Between the Cellular and Molecular Features of the Disease With the Clinical Course of B-CLL - Answer (click here)
5. Summary Remarks on the Development, Growth, and Evolution of B-CLL - Answer (click here)
6. Animal Models of B-CLL - Answer (click here)
7. Clinical Implications and the Development of Novel Therapeutics - Answer (click here)

Immunology of HIV Infections

1. Immunological and Biological Parameters of Disease - Answer (click here)
2. Animal Models of HIV Infection - Answer (click here)
3. Vaccines to Prevent HIV Infection - Answer (click here)
4. Vaccine Candidates - Immunology of HIV Infections - Answer (click here)

Immunological Aspects of Allergy and Anaphylaxis

1. Immunological Aspects of Allergy and Anaphylaxis - Answer (click here)
2. Allergic Hypersensitivity - Answer (click here)
3. Atopy - Answer (click here)
4. Systemic Anaphylaxis and Anaphylactoid Reactions - Answer (click here)
5. Allergic Conjunctivitis - Answer (click here)
6. Allergic Disease of the Respiratory Tract - Answer (click here)
7. Allergic Rhinitis: Overview, Clinical Disease States, Experimental Models - Answer (click here)
8. Allergic Asthma: Overview, Immunology, Experimental Models - Answer (click here)
9. Food Allergy and Intolerance: Diagnosis, Food Intolerance - Answer (click here)
10. Skin Diseases and Allergy - Answer (click here)

Immunological Aspects of Skin Diseases

1. Immunological Aspects of Skin Diseases - Answer (click here)
2. Psoriasis - Skin Diseases - Answer (click here)
3. Alopecia Areata - Answer (click here)
4. Antibody Induced Bullous Skin Lesions - Answer (click here)

Experimental Approaches to the Study of Autoimmune Rheumatic Diseases

1. Experimental Approaches to the Study of Autoimmune Rheumatic Diseases - Answer (click here)
2. Types of Animal Models - Answer (click here)
3. Rheumatoid Arthritis: Etiology, Pathogenesis, Clinical Features, Treatment - Answer (click here)
4. Animal Models of Rheumatoid Arthritis - Answer (click here)
5. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Epidemiology, Etiology, Pathogenesis, Clinical Features, Treatment - Answer (click here)
6. Animal Models of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus(SLE) - Answer (click here)
7. Sjogren’s Syndrome: Epidemiology, Etiology, Pathogenesis, Clinical Features, Treatment, Animal Models - Answer (click here)
8. Progressive Systemic Sclerosis: Epidemiology, Etiology, Pathogenesis, Clinical Features, Treatment, Animal Models - Answer (click here)
9. Polymyositis: Epidemiology, Etiology, Pathogenesis, Clinical Features, Treatment, Animal Models - Answer (click here)
10. Seronegative Spondyloarthropathy: Epidemiology, Etiology, Pathogenesis, Clinical Features, Treatment, Animal Models - Answer (click here)

Immunological Aspects of Cardiac Disease

1. Rheumatic Fever - Answer (click here)
2. Epidemiology and Pathogenesis of Rheumatic Fever - Answer (click here)
3. Rheumatic Fever: Genetics - Answer (click here)
4. Etiologic Considerations of Rheumatic Fever - Answer (click here)
5. Animal Models of Rheumatic Fever - Answer (click here)
6. Streptococcal Vaccine Candidate - Answer (click here)
7. Chagas’ Disease - Answer (click here)
8. Host-Parasite Interaction and Host Susceptibility of Chagas’ Disease - Answer (click here)
9. Pathogenesis and Modulation of Immune Function - Chagas’ Disease - Answer (click here)
10. Autoimmunity and Pathogenesis of Chagas’ Disease - Answer (click here)
11. Molecular Mimicry in Chagas’ Disease - Answer (click here)
12. Parasite-Directed Pathogenesis of Chagas’ Disease - Answer (click here)
13. Myocarditis - Immune-Mediated Myocardial Diseases - Answer (click here)
14. Dilated Cardiomyopathy - Immune Mediated Myocardial Diseases - Answer (click here)

Immunological Aspects of Chest Diseases

1. Immunological Aspects of Chest Diseases: The Case of Tuberculosis - Answer (click here)
2. Epidemiology - Tuberculosis - Answer (click here)
3. TB and AIDS - Answer (click here)
4. Clinical Tuberculosis - Answer (click here)
5. Experimental Studies of Tuberculosis - Answer (click here)
6. The Mouse Model of Chronic Tuberculosis - Answer (click here)
7. Host-Pathogen Interactions in TB - Answer (click here)

Immunological Aspects of Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease

1. Mucosal Immunity - Answer (click here)
2. Pernicious Anemia - Immune Mediated Diseases of the Gastrointestinal Tract - Answer (click here)
3. Gluten Sensitive Enteropathy - Immune Mediated Diseases of the Gastrointestinal Tract - Answer (click here)
4. Inflammatory Bowel Disease - Immune Mediated Diseases of the Gastrointestinal Tract - Answer (click here)
5. Liver Immunology - Answer (click here)
6. Hepatitis B - Diseases of the Liver - Answer (click here)
7. Hepatitis C - Diseases of the Liver - Answer (click here)
8. Other Hepatitis Viruses - Diseases of the Liver - Answer (click here)
9. Primary Biliary Cirrhosis - Diseases of the Liver - Answer (click here)
10. Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis - Diseases of the Liver - Answer (click here)
11. Autoimmune Hepatitis - Diseases of the Liver - Answer (click here)

Immunological Aspects of Endocrine Disease

1. Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus - Answer (click here)
2. Animal Models of Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus - Answer (click here)
3. Β-Cell Lesion: Nature of Effector Cells - Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus - Answer (click here)
4. Rupture of Tolerance to Β-Cell Antigens - Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus - Answer (click here)
5. Etiology of Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus - Answer (click here)
6. Clinical Considerations of Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus - Answer (click here)

Immune Mediated Neurological Syndromes

1. Multiple Sclerosis - Answer (click here)
2. Guillain-Barré Syndrome - Answer (click here)
3. Myasthenia Gravis - Answer (click here)
4. Central Nervous System Systemic Lupus Erythematosus - Answer (click here)
5. Animal Models of Central Nervous System - Answer (click here)

Immunological Aspects of Renal Disease

1. Immunological Aspects of Renal Disease - Answer (click here)
2. Mechanisms of Immune Injury to the Kidneys - Answer (click here)
3. Specific Immune-Related Renal Diseases: IgA Nephropathy - Answer (click here)
4. Minimal Change Disease - Answer (click here)
5. Focal Sclerosing Glomerulosclerosis - Answer (click here)
6. Membranous Nephropathy - Answer (click here)
7. Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis - Answer (click here)
8. Rapidly Progressive Glomerulonephritis - Answer (click here)
9. Lupus Nephritis - Answer (click here)
10. Acute Poststreptococcal Glomerulonephritis - Answer (click here)
11. Mixed Cryoglobulinemia - Answer (click here)

Immunological Aspects of Transplantation

1. Immunological Aspects of Transplantation - Answer (click here)
2. Immunological Considerations of Transplantation - Answer (click here)
3. Laboratory Testing for Compatibility in Transplantation - Answer (click here)
4. Types of Solid Organ Allograft Rejection - Answer (click here)
5. Prevention and Management of Solid Organ Allograft Rejection - Answer (click here)
6. Solid Organ Transplantation Outcomes - Answer (click here)
7. Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation - Answer (click here)