Basic Electrical and Instrumentation Engineering
- Lecture Notes, Study Materials and Important questions answers

Subject : Basic Electrical and Instrumentation Engineering

UNIT I AC CIRCUITS AND POWER SYSTEMS

1. Magnetic Circuits and Magnetic Materials - Answer (click here)
2. Laws Governing Magnetic Circuits - Answer (click here)
3. Flux Linkage, Inductance and Energy - Answer (click here)
4. Statically and Dynamically Induced Emf - Answer (click here)
5. Properties of Magnetic Materials - Answer (click here)
6. Iron or Core losses - Answer (click here)
7. AC Operation of Magnetic Circuits - Answer (click here)
8. Transformer as a Magnetically Coupled Circuit - Answer (click here)
9. Solved problems - Magnetic Circuits and Magnetic Materials - Answer (click here)
10. Important Short Questions and Answers : Electrical machines - Magnetic Circuits and Magnetic Materials - Answer (click here)

UNIT II TRANSFORMER

1. Transformer - Electrical Engineering and Instrumentation - Answer (click here)
2. Single Phase Transformer Construction and Principle of Operation - Answer (click here)
3. EMF Equation of Transformer - Answer (click here)
4. Transformer on No-Load - Answer (click here)
5. Transformer on Load - Answer (click here)
6. Equivalent Circuit of Transformer - Answer (click here)
7. Regulation of Transformer - Answer (click here)
8. Transformer Losses and Efficiency - Answer (click here)
9. All Day Efficiency of Transformer - Answer (click here)
10. Auto Transformer - Answer (click here)
11. Solved Problems: Electrical Engineering and Instrumentation - Transformer - Answer (click here)
12. Important Short Questions and Answers: Electrical Engineering and Instrumentation - Transformer - Answer (click here)

REFER

1. Transformer: Principle of Operation - Answer (click here)
2. An ideal Transformer: Principle of Operation - Answer (click here)
3. Induction Law - Transformer - Answer (click here)
4. Equivalent Circuit of Transformer - Answer (click here)
5. Transformer Losses - Answer (click here)
6. Transformer Tests - Answer (click here)
7. Efficiency of a Transformer - Answer (click here)
8. Voltage Regulation of Transformer - Answer (click here)
9. Auto Transformer - Answer (click here)
10. Three-phase autotransformer connection - Answer (click here)
11. Parallel Operation of Transformers - Answer (click here)
12. Tap Changing in Transformer - Answer (click here)
13. Solved Problems - Transformer - Electrical machines - Answer (click here)
14. Important Short Questions and Answers: Electrical machines - Transformer - Answer (click here)

UNIT III DC MACHINES

1. Three Phase Circuits, A Review - Answer (click here)
2. Construction of DC Machines - Answer (click here)
3. Theory of Operation of DC Generators - Answer (click here)
4. Characteristics of DC Generators - Answer (click here)
5. Operating Principle of DC Motors and Torque Equation - Answer (click here)
6. Types of DC Motors and their Characteristics - Answer (click here)
7. Speed Control of DC Motors - Answer (click here)
8. Application of DC Motor - Answer (click here)
9. Solved Problems: Electrical Engineering and Instrumentation - DC Machines - Answer (click here)
10. Important Short Questions and Answers: Electrical Engineering and Instrumentation - DC Machines - Answer (click here)

REFER

1. Construction of DC Machines - Answer (click here)
2. Lap Winding - Answer (click here)
3. Wave Winding - Answer (click here)
4. EMF Equation of DC Generators - Answer (click here)
5. Armature reaction - Answer (click here)
6. Methods of excitation of the field windings - Answer (click here)
7. Methods of Excitation used for DC Generator - Answer (click here)
8. Commutation and Interpoles - Answer (click here)
9. DC Generator Characteristics - Answer (click here)
10. Important short questions and answers: DC Generators - Answer (click here)
11. Principle of operation of a D.C. Motor - Answer (click here)
12. Working of D.C. Motor - Answer (click here)
13. Types of DC Motors - Answer (click here)
14. DC Motor Characteristics - Answer (click here)
15. Speed Control of DC Shunt Motor: Varying Armature Resistance, Field Resistance - Answer (click here)
16. Starting of DC Motors - Answer (click here)
17. Three Point Starter: Working principle - Answer (click here)
18. Four Point Starter - Answer (click here)
19. Swinburne’s Test - Answer (click here)
20. Hopkinson’s test: Procedure, Calculation of efficiency, Advantages, Disadvantages - Answer (click here)
21. Braking of DC shunt motor - Answer (click here)
22. Important Short questions and answers: DC Motor - Electrical machines - Answer (click here)

UNIT IV AC MACHINES

1. Types, Construction and Working of 3 Phase Induction Motor - Answer (click here)
2. Equivalent Circuit of Induction Motor - Answer (click here)
3. Construction of Single-Phase Induction Motors - Answer (click here)
4. Types of Single Phase Induction Motors and Double Revolving Field Theory - Answer (click here)
5. Starting Methods of Induction Motor - Answer (click here)
6. Types, Construction and Working Principle of Synchronous Generator or Alternator - Answer (click here)
7. Equation of Induced EMF - Synchronous Generator or Alternator - Answer (click here)
8. Voltage Regulation - Synchronous Generator or Alternator - Answer (click here)
9. Working Principle and Methods of Starting of Synchronous Motors - Answer (click here)
10. V Curves - Answer (click here)
11. Important Short Questions and Answers: Induction Machines and Synchronous Machines - Answer (click here)

REFER

1. Fundamental Principles of A.C. Machines - Answer (click here)
2. E.M.F. equation of an elementary alternator single phase - Answer (click here)
3. E.M.F. equation of an elementary alternator three phase - Answer (click here)
4. Relation between speed and frequency - Answer (click here)
5. Factors affecting the induced emf (Coil Pitch and Distributed Windings) - Synchronous Generator - Answer (click here)
6. Armature Reaction - Synchronous Generator - Answer (click here)
7. Synchronous Generators - Answer (click here)
8. Open circuit characteristic (OCC) and Short Circuit Characteristics (SCC) of a Synchronous generator - Answer (click here)
9. Armature Reaction Reactance - Synchronous Generators - Answer (click here)
10. Synchronous reactance - Answer (click here)
11. Short Circuit Ratio (SCR) - Synchronous Generator - Answer (click here)
12. Load Characteristics - Synchronous Generator - Answer (click here)
13. Potier Reactance - Synchronous Generator - Answer (click here)
14. Voltage Regulation - Synchronous Generator - Answer (click here)
15. Methods of finding Voltage Regulation in Synchronous Generator - Answer (click here)
16. Power angle characteristics - Answer (click here)
17. Salient pole alternators and Blondel's Two Reaction Theory - Answer (click here)
18. Direct-axis and Quadrature-axis Synchronous Reactances - Answer (click here)
19. Power Angle Characteristic of Salient Pole Machine - Answer (click here)
20. Slip Test - Answer (click here)
21. Parallel Operation of Alternators - Answer (click here)
22. Synchronizing Current - Answer (click here)
23. Effect of Change of Excitation - Answer (click here)
24. Effect of Change of Input Torque - Answer (click here)
25. Sharing of load when two alternators are in parallel - Answer (click here)
26. Prime-mover Governor Characteristic - Answer (click here)
27. Important Short Questions and Answers: Synchronous Generator - Answer (click here)
28. Synchronous Motors: Construction, Operating Principle, Equivalent Circuit - Answer (click here)
29. Phasor Diagram - Synchronous Motors - Answer (click here)
30. Torque and Power Relations - Answer (click here)
31. V-Curves and Inverted V-Curves - Answer (click here)
32. Effect of Changing Field Excitation at Constant Load - Answer (click here)
33. Synchronous Condenser and its Advantages, Disadvantages - Answer (click here)
34. Methods of starting synchronous motor - Answer (click here)
35. Performance Characteristic of Synchronous Motors - Answer (click here)
36. Hunting and Damper Winding - Answer (click here)
37. Synchronous Induction Motor - Answer (click here)
38. Important Short Questions and Answers: Synchronous Motors - Answer (click here)
39. Three Phase Induction Motor - Answer (click here)
40. Types and Construction of Three Phase Induction Motor - Answer (click here)
41. Squirrel cage Induction Motors - Answer (click here)
42. Slip ring Induction Motors - Answer (click here)
43. Principle of Operation - Three Phase Induction Motor - Answer (click here)
44. Rotating Magnetic Field and Induced Voltages - Answer (click here)
45. Alternate Analysis for Rotating Magnetic Field - Answer (click here)
46. Phasor Diagram of Three Phase Induction Motor - Answer (click here)
47. Equivalent Circuit of Three Phase Induction Motor - Answer (click here)
48. Power and Torque Relations of Three Phase Induction Motor - Answer (click here)
49. Induction Motor Torque - Answer (click here)
50. Rotor Output - Answer (click here)
51. Circle Diagram - analyse the three phase induction motor performance - Answer (click here)
52. Tests to Determine the Equivalent Circuit Parameters - Induction Motor - Answer (click here)
53. Construction of Circle Diagram - Induction Motor - Answer (click here)
54. Performance Characteristics of Three phase Induction Motor - Answer (click here)
55. Operation with Unbalanced Supply Voltage on Polyphase Induction Motors - Answer (click here)
56. Important Short Questions and Answers: Three Phase Induction Motor - Answer (click here)
57. Methods of Starting Three Phase Induction Motors - Answer (click here)
58. Starting of Slip-Ring Induction Motors - Answer (click here)
59. Speed control of Three Phase Induction Motors - Answer (click here)
60. Changing applied voltage - Speed control of Three Phase Induction Motors - Answer (click here)
61. Rotor resistance control - Speed control of Three Phase Induction Motors - Answer (click here)
62. Cascade control - Speed control of Three Phase Induction Motors - Answer (click here)
63. Pole changing method - Speed control of Three Phase Induction Motors - Answer (click here)
64. Stator frequency control - Speed control of Three Phase Induction Motors - Answer (click here)
65. Power Stages in an Induction Motor - Answer (click here)
66. Double Cage Induction Motor: Construction, Working - Answer (click here)
67. Cogging and Crawling of Induction Motor - Answer (click here)
68. Induction Generator - Answer (click here)
69. Induction Generator advantages, disadvantages and Application - Answer (click here)
70. Induction Motor Braking Regenerative Plugging Dynamic - Answer (click here)
71. Important Short Questions and Answers: Starting and Speed Control of Three Phase Induction Motor - Answer (click here)

UNIT V MEASUREMENT AND INSTRUMENTATION

1. Transducers - Answer (click here)
2. Classification of Electrical Transducers - Answer (click here)
3. Advantages and Disadvantages of Electrical Transducers - Answer (click here)
4. Characteristics of Transducer - Answer (click here)
5. Transducer Selection Factors - Answer (click here)
6. Resistance Transducers - Answer (click here)
7. Resistance Thermometers: Construction, Advantages, Limitations - Answer (click here)
8. Thermistors: Construction, Advantages, Limitations - Answer (click here)
9. Capacitive Transducers and its Application - Answer (click here)
10. Inductive Transducers - Answer (click here)
11. Digital Transducers - Answer (click here)
12. Static and Dynamic Characteristics of Measurement - Answer (click here)
13. Errors in Measurement - Answer (click here)
14. Strain gauge: Principle of Working, Materials Used, Applications - Answer (click here)
15. Capacitive Transducers - Answer (click here)
16. Piezo electric transducer - Answer (click here)
17. Variable Inductive Transducers: LVDT and RVDT - Answer (click here)
18. Important Short Questions and Answers: Basics of Measurement and Instrumentation - Answer (click here)

REFER

1. D.C and A.C Bridges - Answer (click here)
2. Wheatstone bridge(Null-type, D.C. bridge) - Answer (click here)
3. Deflection-type D.C. bridge - Answer (click here)
4. Null-type impedance A.C bridge - Answer (click here)
5. Maxwell bridge: Definition, Circuit Diagram, Explanation, Advantages and Disadvantages - Answer (click here)
6. Schering Bridge: Definition, Circuit Diagram, Explanation, Advantages - Answer (click here)
7. Hay Bridge: Definition, Circuit Diagram, Explanation, Advantages and Disadvantages - Answer (click here)
8. Wien bridge: Definition, Circuit Diagram, Explanation, Advantages - Answer (click here)
9. Transformer Ratio Bridges & Self-Balancing Bridges - Answer (click here)
10. Digital Voltmeter (DVM) - Answer (click here)
11. Digital Multi Meter (DMM) - Answer (click here)
12. Storage oscilloscope - Answer (click here)
13. Wheat stone bridge and Kelvin’s double bridge - Answer (click here)
14. Q-Meter - Answer (click here)
15. Important Short Questions and Answers: Analog and Digital Instruments - Answer (click here)