Biochemical Pharmacology
- Lecture Notes, Study Materials and Important questions answers

Subject : Biochemical Pharmacology

Introduction

1. What is `biochemical pharmacology'? - Answer (click here)
2. What are drugs? - Answer (click here)
3. Drugs and drug target molecules - Answer (click here)
4. Drug molecules may or may not have physiological counterparts - Answer (click here)
5. Synthetic drugs may exceed the corresponding physiological agonists in selectivity - Answer (click here)
6. Metabolism of physiological mediators and of drugs - Answer (click here)
7. Strategies of drug development - Answer (click here)

Pharmacokinetics

1. Pharmacokinetics - Answer (click here)
2. Drug application and uptake - Pharmacokinetics - Answer (click here)
3. Drug distribution - Pharmacokinetics - Answer (click here)
4. Drug elimination: Kidneys - Answer (click here)
5. Drug elimination: Metabolism - Answer (click here)

Pharmacodynamics

1. Pharmacodynamics - Answer (click here)
2. Classes of drug receptors - Answer (click here)
3. Mechanisms and kinetics of drug receptor interaction - Answer (click here)
4. Drug dose-effect relationships in biochemical cascades - Answer (click here)
5. Spare receptors - Answer (click here)
6. Potency and efficacy - Answer (click here)
7. Partial agonism and the two-state model of receptor activation - Answer (click here)
8. Toxic and beneficial drug effects - Answer (click here)

The ionic basis of cell excitation

1. The ionic basis of cell excitation - Answer (click here)
2. Ion gradients across the cell plasma membrane - Answer (click here)
3. The physics of membrane potentials - Answer (click here)
4. Voltage-gated cation channels and the action potential - Answer (click here)
5. The origin of cell excitation - Answer (click here)
6. Anion channels - Answer (click here)

Drugs that act on sodium and potassium channels

1. Drugs that act on sodium and potassium channels - Answer (click here)
2. Local anesthetics - Answer (click here)
3. Sodium channel blockers as antiarrhythmic agents - Answer (click here)
4. Sodium channel blockers in epilepsia - Answer (click here)
5. Potassium channel blockers - Answer (click here)
6. Potassium channel openers - Answer (click here)

Some aspects of calcium pharmacology

1. Some aspects of calcium pharmacology - Answer (click here)
2. Calcium in muscle cell function - Answer (click here)
3. Calcium channel blockers - Answer (click here)
4. Digitalis (foxglove) glycosides - Answer (click here)
5. Calcium-dependent signaling by adrenergic receptors - Answer (click here)

Some aspects of neurophysiology relevant to pharmacology

1. Some aspects of neurophysiology relevant to pharmacology - Answer (click here)
2. Structure and function of synapses - Answer (click here)
3. Mechanisms of drug action on synapses - Answer (click here)
4. Pharmacologically important neurotransmitters and their receptors - Answer (click here)
5. Neurotransmitter receptors - Answer (click here)
6. Overview of the autonomic nervous system - Answer (click here)

G protein coupled receptors

1. G protein-coupled receptors - Answer (click here)
2. Structure and function of G protein-coupled receptors - Answer (click here)
3. The complexity of G protein signalling - Answer (click here)
4. Agonist-specific coupling - Answer (click here)
5. GPCR oligomerization - Answer (click here)
6. 'Allosteric' GPCR agonists and antagonists - Answer (click here)

Pharmacology of cholinergic synapses

1. Pharmacology of cholinergic synapses - Answer (click here)
2. Structure and function of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor - Answer (click here)
3. Cholinergic agonists - Answer (click here)
4. Cholinergic antagonists - Answer (click here)
5. Cholinesterase antagonists - Answer (click here)

Pharmacology of catecholamines and of serotonin

1. Pharmacology of catecholamines and of serotonin - Answer (click here)
2. Biosynthesis and degradation of catecholamines - Answer (click here)
3. Pharmacokinetic aspects - Answer (click here)
4. Drug targets in catecholaminergic synapses - Answer (click here)
5. Adrenergic receptor agonists and antagonists - Answer (click here)
6. Inhibitors of presynaptic transmitter reuptake - Answer (click here)
7. Inhibition of vesicular storage - Answer (click here)
8. Indirect sympathomimetics - Answer (click here)
9. L-DOPA and carbidopa in the therapy of Parkinson's disease - Answer (click here)
10. False transmitters - Answer (click here)
11. Cytotoxic catecholamine analogs - Answer (click here)
12. Monoamine oxidase inhibitors - Answer (click here)

Pharmacology of nitric oxide NO

1. Pharmacology of nitric oxide (NO) - Answer (click here)
2. Vascular effects of nitric oxide - Answer (click here)
3. Nitric oxide synthase and its isoforms - Answer (click here)
4. Biochemical mechanisms of NO signaling - Answer (click here)
5. Role of NO in macrophages - Answer (click here)
6. NO releasing drugs - Answer (click here)
7. NOS inhibitors - Answer (click here)

Pharmacology of Eicosanoids

1. Pharmacology of Eicosanoids - Answer (click here)
2. Biosynthesis of eicosanoids - Answer (click here)
3. Cyclooxygenase inhibitors - Answer (click here)
4. Lipoxygenases and related drugs - Answer (click here)

Some principles of cancer pharmacotherapy

1. Some principles of cancer pharmacotherapy - Answer (click here)
2. Cell type-specific antitumor drugs - Answer (click here)
3. The cell cycle - Answer (click here)
4. Alkylating agents - Answer (click here)
5. Antibiotics - Answer (click here)
6. Antimetabolites - Answer (click here)
7. Inhibitors of mitosis - Answer (click here)
8. Monoclonal antibodies in tumour therapy - Answer (click here)