Friday, 11 May 2018

Anesthesiology - Lecture Notes, Study Materials and Important questions answers



Anesthesiology
- Lecture Notes, Study Materials and Important questions answers




Subject : Anesthesiology

The Practice of Anesthesiology

  1. The Practice of Anesthesiology - Answer (click here)
  2. The History of Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
  3. Inhalation Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
  4. Local & Regional Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
  5. Intravenous Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
  6. Evolution of the Specialty - Answer (click here)
  7. The Scope of Anesthesia - Answer (click here)

Anesthetic Equipment and Monitors

The Operating Room Environment

  1. The Operating Room Environment: Safety Culture - Answer (click here)
  2. The Operating Room Environment: Medical Gas Systems - Answer (click here)
  3. Environmental Factors in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
  4. Electrical Safety in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
  5. Fire Prevention & Preparation in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
  6. Fire Extinguishers in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
  7. Laser Safety in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
  8. Crew Resource Management in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
  9. Future Design of Operating Rooms - Answer (click here)

Breathing Systems

  1. Anesthetic Equipment & Monitors : Breathing Systems - Answer (click here)
  2. Insufflation - Answer (click here)
  3. Open Drop and Draw Over Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
  4. Mapleson Circuits - Answer (click here)
  5. Components of Mapleson Circuits - Answer (click here)
  6. Performance Characteristics of Mapleson Circuits - Answer (click here)
  7. The Circle System - Answer (click here)
  8. Components of the Circle System - Answer (click here)
  9. Optimization of Circle System Design - Answer (click here)
  10. Performance Characteristics of the Circle System - Answer (click here)
  11. Disadvantages of the Circle System - Answer (click here)
  12. Resuscitation Breathing Systems - Answer (click here)

The Anesthesia Machine

  1. The Anesthesia Machine - Answer (click here)
  2. Anesthesia Gas Supply - Answer (click here)
  3. Anesthesia Flow Control Circuits - Answer (click here)
  4. Anesthesia The Breathing Circuit - Answer (click here)
  5. Anesthesia Ventilators - Answer (click here)
  6. Anesthesia Ventilator Circuit Design - Answer (click here)
  7. Anesthesia Ventilators Pressure & Volume Monitoring - Answer (click here)
  8. Problems Associated with Anesthesia Ventilators - Answer (click here)
  9. Anesthesia Waste Gas Scavengers - Answer (click here)
  10. Anesthesia Machine Checkout List - Answer (click here)

Cardiovascular Monitoring

  1. Arterial Blood Pressure - Answer (click here)
  2. Noninvasive Arterial Blood Pressure Monitoring Indications - Answer (click here)
  3. Invasive Arterial Blood Pressure Monitoring - Answer (click here)
  4. Electrocardiography - Answer (click here)
  5. Central Venous Catheterization - Answer (click here)
  6. Pulmonary Artery Catheterization - Answer (click here)
  7. Cardiac Output - Answer (click here)

Non cardiovascular Monitoring

  1. Precordial & Esophageal Stethoscopes - Respiratory Gas Exchange Monitors - Answer (click here)
  2. Pulse Oximetry - Respiratory Gas Exchange Monitors - Answer (click here)
  3. Capnography - Answer (click here)
  4. Anesthetic Gas Analysis - Answer (click here)
  5. Electroencephalography - Neurological System Monitors - Answer (click here)
  6. Evoked Potentials - Neurological System Monitors - Answer (click here)
  7. Cerebral Oximetry and Other Neurological System Monitors of the Brain - Answer (click here)
  8. Temperature Monitors - Answer (click here)
  9. Urinary Output Monitors - Answer (click here)
  10. Peripheral Nerve Stimulation - Answer (click here)

Clinical Pharmacology

Pharmacological Principles

  1. Pharmacokinetics: Absorption - Answer (click here)
  2. Pharmacokinetics: Distribution - Answer (click here)
  3. Pharmacokinetics: Biotransformation - Answer (click here)
  4. Pharmacokinetics: Excretion - Answer (click here)
  5. Pharmacokinetics: Compartment Models - Answer (click here)
  6. Pharmacodynamics - Answer (click here)
  7. Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer (click here)
  8. Factors Affecting Inspiratory Concentration - Answer (click here)
  9. Factors Affecting Alveolar Concentration - Answer (click here)
  10. Factors Affecting Arterial Concentration - Answer (click here)
  11. Factors Affecting Elimination - Answer (click here)
  12. Theories of Anesthetic Action - Answer (click here)
  13. Anesthetic Neurotoxicity - Answer (click here)
  14. Anesthetic Neuroprotection and Cardiac Preconditioning - Answer (click here)
  15. Minimum Alveolar Concentration - Answer (click here)
  16. Nitrous Oxide - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer (click here)
  17. Halothane - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer (click here)
  18. Isoflurane - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer (click here)
  19. Desflurane - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer (click here)
  20. Sevoflurane - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer (click here)
  21. Xenon - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer (click here)

Intravenous Anesthetics

  1. Intravenous Anesthetics: Barbiturates - Answer (click here)
  2. Intravenous Anesthetics: Benzodiazepines - Answer (click here)
  3. Intravenous Anesthetics: Ketamine - Answer (click here)
  4. Intravenous Anesthetics: Etomidate - Answer (click here)
  5. Intravenous Anesthetics: Propofol - Answer (click here)
  6. Intravenous Anesthetics: Fospropofol - Answer (click here)

Analgesic Agents

  1. Analgesic Agents: Opioids - Answer (click here)
  2. Analgesic Agents: Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors - Answer (click here)

Neuromuscular Blocking Agents

  1. Neuromuscular Transmission - Answer (click here)
  2. Neuromuscular Blocking Agents: Mechanism Of Action - Answer (click here)
  3. Other Mechanisms of Neuromuscular Blockade - Answer (click here)
  4. Reversal of Neuromuscular Blockade - Answer (click here)
  5. Response to Peripheral Nerve Stimulation - Answer (click here)
  6. DepolarizingMuscle Relaxants: Succinylcholine - Answer (click here)
  7. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Unique Pharmacological Characteristics - Answer (click here)
  8. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: General Pharmacological Characteristics - Answer (click here)
  9. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Atracurium - Answer (click here)
  10. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Cisatracurium - Answer (click here)
  11. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Pancuronium - Answer (click here)
  12. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Vecuronium - Answer (click here)
  13. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Rocuronium - Answer (click here)
  14. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Other Relaxants - Answer (click here)
  15. Newer Muscle Relaxants - Answer (click here)

Cholinesterase Inhibitors and Other Pharmacologic Antagonists to Neuromuscular Blocking Agents

  1. Cholinergic Pharmacology - Answer (click here)
  2. Cholinergic Pharmacology: Mechanism of Action - Answer (click here)
  3. Cholinergic Pharmacology: Clinical Pharmacology - Answer (click here)
  4. Cholinesterase Inhibitors: Neostigmine - Answer (click here)
  5. Cholinesterase Inhibitors: Pyridostigmine - Answer (click here)
  6. Cholinesterase Inhibitors: Edrophonium - Answer (click here)
  7. Cholinesterase Inhibitors: Physostigmine - Answer (click here)
  8. Non Classic Reversal Agents - Answer (click here)
  9. Sugammadex - Answer (click here)
  10. L Cysteine - Answer (click here)

Anticholinergic Drugs

  1. Anticholinergic Drugs - Answer (click here)
  2. Specific Anticholinergic Drugs - Answer (click here)

Adrenergic Agonists and Antagonists

  1. Adrenoceptor Physiology - Answer (click here)
  2. Adrenergic Agonists - Answer (click here)
  3. Adrenergic Agonists: Phenylephrine - Answer (click here)
  4. Adrenergic Agonists: Epinephrine - Answer (click here)
  5. Adrenergic Agonists: Ephedrine - Answer (click here)
  6. Adrenergic Agonists: Norepinephrine - Answer (click here)
  7. Adrenergic Agonists: Dopamine - Answer (click here)
  8. Adrenergic Agonists: Isoproterenol - Answer (click here)
  9. Adrenergic Agonists: Dobutamine - Answer (click here)
  10. Adrenergic Agonists: Dopexamine - Answer (click here)
  11. Adrenergic Agonists: Fenoldopam - Answer (click here)
  12. Adrenergic Antagonists: Αlpha Blockers Phentolamine - Answer (click here)
  13. Adrenergic Antagonists: Mixed Antagonists Labetalol - Answer (click here)
  14. Adrenergic Antagonists: Beta Blockers - Answer (click here)
  15. Adrenergic Antagonists: Esmolol - Answer (click here)
  16. Adrenergic Antagonists: Metoprolol - Answer (click here)
  17. Adrenergic Antagonists: Propranolol - Answer (click here)
  18. Adrenergic Antagonists: Nebivolol - Answer (click here)
  19. Adrenergic Antagonists: Carvedilol - Answer (click here)
  20. Perioperative Βeta Blocker Therapy - Answer (click here)

Hypotensive Agents

  1. Hypotensive Agents - Answer (click here)
  2. Nitrovasodilators: Sodium Nitroprusside - Answer (click here)
  3. Nitrovasodilators: Nitroglycerin - Answer (click here)
  4. Nitrovasodilators: Hydralazine - Answer (click here)
  5. Non-Nitrovasodilator Hypotensive Agents: Fenoldopam - Answer (click here)
  6. Non-Nitrovasodilator Hypotensive Agents: Calcium Antagonists - Answer (click here)

Local Anesthetics

  1. Mechanisms of Local Anesthetic Action - Answer (click here)
  2. Local Anesthetic: Structure Activity Relationships - Answer (click here)
  3. Local Anesthetic: Pharmacokinetics - Answer (click here)
  4. Local Anesthetic: Effects on Organ Systems - Answer (click here)
  5. Local Anesthetic: Drug Interactions - Answer (click here)

Adjuncts to Anesthesia

  1. Aspiration - Answer (click here)
  2. Aspiration: Histamine Receptor Antagonists - Answer (click here)
  3. Aspiration: H1-Receptor Antagonists - Answer (click here)
  4. Aspiration: H2-Receptor Antagonists - Answer (click here)
  5. Aspiration: Antacids - Answer (click here)
  6. Aspiration: Metoclopramide - Answer (click here)
  7. Aspiration: Proton Pump Inhibitors - Answer (click here)
  8. Postoperative Nausea & Vomiting PONV - Answer (click here)
  9. 5 HT3 Receptor Antagonists - Answer (click here)
  10. Butyrophenones - Answer (click here)
  11. Dexamethasone - Answer (click here)
  12. Neurokinin 1 Receptor Antagonist - Answer (click here)
  13. Adjuncts to Anesthesia: Ketorolac - Answer (click here)
  14. Clonidine - Answer (click here)
  15. Dexmedetomidine - Answer (click here)
  16. Doxapram - Answer (click here)
  17. Naloxone - Answer (click here)
  18. Naltrexone - Answer (click here)
  19. Flumazenil - Answer (click here)

Anesthetic Management

Preoperative Assessment and Premedication Perioperative Documentation

  1. Preoperative Evaluation - Answer (click here)
  2. Elements of the Preoperative History - Answer (click here)
  3. Elements of the Preoperative Physical Examination - Answer (click here)
  4. Preoperative Laboratory Testing - Answer (click here)
  5. Premedication - Answer (click here)
  6. Documentation - Clinical Anesthesiology - Answer (click here)

Anesthetic Management Airway Management

  1. Airway Management: Anatomy - Answer (click here)
  2. Routine Airway Management - Answer (click here)
  3. Airway Assessment - Answer (click here)
  4. Airway Management Equipment - Answer (click here)
  5. Airway Management Positioning - Answer (click here)
  6. Airway Preoxygenation - Answer (click here)
  7. Bag and Mask Ventilation - Answer (click here)
  8. Supraglottic Airway Devices - Answer (click here)
  9. Endotracheal Intubation - Answer (click here)
  10. Larygoscopes - Answer (click here)
  11. Video Laryngoscopes - Answer (click here)
  12. Techniques of Direct and Indirect Laryngoscopy & Intubation - Answer (click here)
  13. Surgical Airway Techniques - Answer (click here)
  14. Problems Following Intubation - Answer (click here)
  15. Techniques of Extubation - Answer (click here)
  16. Complications of Laryngoscopy & Intubation - Answer (click here)

Cardiovascular Physiology and Anesthesia

  1. Cardiovascular Physiology & Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
  2. Physiology & Anesthesia: The Heart - Answer (click here)
  3. Cardiac Action Potentials - Answer (click here)
  4. Initiation & Conduction of the Cardiac Impulse - Answer (click here)
  5. Mechanism of Heart Contraction - Answer (click here)
  6. Innervation of the Heart - Answer (click here)
  7. The Cardiac Cycle - Answer (click here)
  8. Determinants of Ventricular Performance - Answer (click here)
  9. Assessment of Ventricular Function - Answer (click here)
  10. Systemic Circulation - Answer (click here)
  11. Autonomic Control of the Systemic Vasculature - Answer (click here)
  12. Arterial Blood Pressure - Answer (click here)
  13. Anatomy & Physiology of the Coronary Circulation - Answer (click here)
  14. Effects of Anesthetic Agents on Heart - Answer (click here)
  15. Compensatory Mechanisms - Answer (click here)

Anesthesia for Patients with Cardiovascular Disease

  1. Anesthesia for Patients with Cardiovascular Disease - Answer (click here)
  2. Perioperative Cardiovascular Evaluation and Preparation for Noncardiac Surgery - Answer (click here)
  3. Coronary Artery Disease - Answer (click here)
  4. Hypertension - Answer (click here)
  5. Hypertension:Preoperative Management - Answer (click here)
  6. Hypertension: Intraoperative Management - Answer (click here)
  7. Hypertension: Postoperative Management - Answer (click here)
  8. Ischemic Heart Disease - Answer (click here)
  9. Ischemic Heart Disease: Preoperative Management - Answer (click here)
  10. Ischemic Heart Disease: Intraoperative Management - Answer (click here)
  11. Ischemic Heart Disease: Monitoring - Answer (click here)
  12. Arrhythmias, Pacemakers, and Internal Cardioverter-Defibrillator Management - Answer (click here)
  13. Heart Failure - Answer (click here)
  14. Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy - Answer (click here)
  15. Valvular Heart Disease: General Evaluation of Patients - Answer (click here)
  16. Mitral Stenosis - Answer (click here)
  17. Mitral Regurgitation - Answer (click here)
  18. Mitral Valve Prolapse - Answer (click here)
  19. Aortic Stenosis - Answer (click here)
  20. Calculating Aortic Valve Area & Transvalvular Gradient - Answer (click here)
  21. Aortic Regurgitation - Answer (click here)
  22. Tricuspid Regurgitation - Answer (click here)
  23. Endocarditis Prophylaxis - Answer (click here)
  24. Anticoagulation - Answer (click here)
  25. Congenital Heart Disease - Answer (click here)
  26. Obstructive Lesions - Answer (click here)
  27. Predominantly Left-to-Right (Simple) Shunts - Answer (click here)
  28. Predominantly Right-to-Left (Complex) Shunts - Answer (click here)
  29. The Patient with a Transplanted Heart - Answer (click here)

Anesthesia for Cardiovascular Surgery

  1. Cardiopulmonary Bypass - Answer (click here)
  2. Cardiopulmonary Bypass: Systemic Hypothermia - Answer (click here)
  3. Myocardial Preservation - Answer (click here)
  4. Physiological Effects of Cardiopulmonary Bypass - Answer (click here)
  5. Anesthetic Management of Cardiac Surgery: Adults - Answer (click here)
  6. Anesthetic Management of Cardiac Surgery: Preinduction Period - Answer (click here)
  7. Anesthetic Management of Cardiac Surgery: Prebypass Period - Answer (click here)
  8. Anesthetic Management of Cardiac Surgery: Bypass Period - Answer (click here)
  9. Anesthetic Management of Cardiac Surgery: Termination of CPB - Answer (click here)
  10. Anesthetic Management of Cardiac Surgery: Postbypass Period - Answer (click here)
  11. Anesthetic Management of Cardiac Surgery: Postoperative Period - Answer (click here)
  12. Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery - Answer (click here)
  13. Pediatric Patients - Answer (click here)
  14. Cardiac Transplantation - Answer (click here)
  15. Cardiac Transplantation: Anesthetic Management - Answer (click here)
  16. Pericardial Disease - Answer (click here)
  17. Anesthesia for Surgery on the Aorta - Answer (click here)
  18. Specific Lesions of the Aorta - Answer (click here)
  19. Anesthetic Management - Answer (click here)
  20. Anesthesia for Carotid Artery Surgery - Answer (click here)

Respiratory Physiology and Anesthesia

  1. Functional Respiratory Anatomy - Answer (click here)
  2. Mechanisms of Breathing - Answer (click here)
  3. Lung Mechanics - Answer (click here)
  4. Ventilation/Perfusion Relationships - Answer (click here)
  5. Alveolar, Arterial, & Venous Gas Tensions - Answer (click here)
  6. Transport of Respiratory Gases in Blood - Answer (click here)
  7. Control of Breathing - Answer (click here)
  8. Nonrespiratory Functions of the Lung - Answer (click here)

Anesthesia for Patients with Respiratory Disease

  1. Anesthesia : Pulmonary Risk Factors - Answer (click here)
  2. Anesthesia : Asthma - Answer (click here)
  3. Anesthesia : Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease - Answer (click here)
  4. Anesthesia : Restrictive Pulmonary Disease - Answer (click here)
  5. Anesthesia : Acute Intrinsic Pulmonary Disorders - Answer (click here)
  6. Anesthesia : Chronic Intrinsic Pulmonary Disorders - Answer (click here)
  7. Anesthesia : Extrinsic Restrictive Pulmonary Disorders - Answer (click here)
  8. Anesthesia : Pulmonary Embolism - Answer (click here)

Anesthesia for Thoracic Surgery

  1. Anesthesia for Thoracic Surgery: The Lateral Decubitus Position - Answer (click here)
  2. Anesthesia for Thoracic Surgery: The Open Pneumothorax - Answer (click here)
  3. Anesthesia for Thoracic Surgery: One Lung Ventilation - Answer (click here)
  4. Physiological Considerations During Thoracic Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
  5. Techniques for One-Lung Ventilation - Answer (click here)
  6. Anesthesia for Lung Resection: Preoperative Considerations - Answer (click here)
  7. Anesthesia for Lung Resection: Anesthetic Considerations - Answer (click here)
  8. Special Considerations for Patients Undergoing Lung Resection - Answer (click here)
  9. Anesthesia for Tracheal Resection - Answer (click here)
  10. Anesthesia for Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery (VATS) - Answer (click here)
  11. Anesthesia for Diagnostic Thoracic Procedures - Answer (click here)
  12. Anesthesia for Lung Transplantation - Answer (click here)
  13. Anesthesia for Esophageal Surgery - Answer (click here)

Neurophysiology and Anesthesia

  1. Cerebral Metabolism - Answer (click here)
  2. Cerebral Blood Flow - Answer (click here)
  3. Regulation of Cerebral Blood Flow - Answer (click here)
  4. Blood Brain Barrier - Answer (click here)
  5. Cerebrospinal Fluid - Answer (click here)
  6. Intracranial Pressure - Answer (click here)
  7. Effect of Anesthetic Agents on Cerebral Physiology - Answer (click here)
  8. Physiology of Brain Protection - Answer (click here)

Anesthesia for Neurosurgery

  1. Intracranial Hypertension - Answer (click here)
  2. Anesthesia & Craniotomy for Patients with Mass Lesions - Answer (click here)
  3. Anesthesia for Surgery in the Posterior Fossa - Answer (click here)
  4. Anesthesia for Stereotactic Surgery - Answer (click here)
  5. Anesthesia for Head Trauma - Answer (click here)
  6. Anesthesia & Craniotomy for Intracranial Aneurysms & Arteriovenous Malformations - Answer (click here)
  7. Anesthesia for Surgery on the Spine - Answer (click here)

Anesthesia for Patients with Neurologic and Psychiatric Diseases

  1. Anesthesia for Cerebrovascular Disease - Answer (click here)
  2. Anesthesia for Seizure Disorders - Answer (click here)
  3. Anesthesia for Parkinson Disease - Answer (click here)
  4. Anesthesia for Alzheimer Disease - Answer (click here)
  5. Anesthesia for Multiple Sclerosis - Answer (click here)
  6. Anesthesia for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis - Answer (click here)
  7. Anesthesia for Guillain Barre Syndrome - Answer (click here)
  8. Anesthesia for Autonomic Dysfunction - Answer (click here)
  9. Anesthesia for Syringomyelia - Answer (click here)
  10. Anesthesia for Spinal Cord Injury - Answer (click here)
  11. Anesthesia for Depression - Answer (click here)
  12. Anesthesia for Bipolar Disease - Answer (click here)
  13. Anesthesia for Schizophrenia - Answer (click here)
  14. Anesthesia for Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome - Answer (click here)
  15. Anesthesia for Substance Abuse - Answer (click here)

Renal Physiology Anesthesia

  1. Renal Physiology & Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
  2. Anesthesia: The Nephron - Answer (click here)
  3. Anesthesia: The Renal Circulation - Answer (click here)
  4. Renal Blood Flow & Glomerular Filtration - Answer (click here)
  5. Effects of Anesthesia & Surgery on Renal Function - Answer (click here)
  6. Anesthesia: Diuretics - Answer (click here)
  7. Anesthesia: Osmotic Diuretics Mannitol - Answer (click here)
  8. Anesthesia: Loop Diuretics - Answer (click here)
  9. Anesthesia: Thiazide & Thiazide Like Diuretics - Answer (click here)
  10. Anesthesia: Potassium Sparing Diuretics - Answer (click here)
  11. Anesthesia: Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors - Answer (click here)

Anesthesia for Patients with Kidney Disease

  1. Anesthesia for Patients with Kidney Disease - Answer (click here)
  2. Anesthesia for Evaluating Renal Function - Answer (click here)
  3. Altered Renal Function the Effects of Anesthetic Agents - Answer (click here)
  4. Anesthesia for Patients with Kidney Failure - Answer (click here)
  5. Anesthesia for Patients with Mild to Moderate Renal Impairment - Answer (click here)

Anesthesia for Genitourinary Surgery

  1. Anesthesia for Cystoscopy - Answer (click here)
  2. Anesthesia for Transurethral Resection of the Prostate - Answer (click here)
  3. Anesthesia for Lithotripsy - Answer (click here)
  4. Anesthesia for Noncancer Surgery of the Upper Ureter & Kidney - Answer (click here)
  5. Anesthesia: Surgery For Urological Malignancies - Answer (click here)
  6. Anesthesia: Surgery For Urological Malignancies: Prostate Cancer - Answer (click here)
  7. Anesthesia: Surgery For Urological Malignancies: Bladder Cancer - Answer (click here)
  8. Anesthesia: Surgery For Urological Malignancies: Testicular Cancer - Answer (click here)
  9. Anesthesia: Surgery For Urological Malignancies: Renal Cancer - Answer (click here)
  10. Anesthesia for Renal Transplantation - Answer (click here)

Hepatic Physiology Anesthesia

  1. Hepatic Physiology and Functional Anatomy - Answer (click here)
  2. Liver Tests - Answer (click here)
  3. Effect of Anesthesia on Hepatic Function - Answer (click here)

Anesthesia for Patients with Liver Disease

  1. Anesthesia for Coagulation in Liver Disease - Answer (click here)
  2. Anesthesia for Acute Hepatitis - Answer (click here)
  3. Anesthesia for Chronic Hepatitis - Answer (click here)
  4. Anesthesia for Cirrhosis - Answer (click here)
  5. Anesthesia for Hepatic Surgery - Answer (click here)
  6. Anesthesia for Special Situations - Answer (click here)

Anesthesia for Patients with Endocrine Disease

  1. The Pancreas Physiology - Answer (click here)
  2. Anesthesia for Diabetes Mellitus - Answer (click here)
  3. The Thyroid Physiology - Answer (click here)
  4. Anesthesia for Hyperthyroidism - Answer (click here)
  5. Anesthesia for Hypothyroidism - Answer (click here)
  6. The Parathyroid Glands Physiology - Answer (click here)
  7. Anesthesia for Hyperparathyroidism - Answer (click here)
  8. Anesthesia for Hypoparathyroidism - Answer (click here)
  9. The Adrenal Gland Physiology - Answer (click here)
  10. Anesthesia for Mineralocorticoid Excess - Answer (click here)
  11. Anesthesia for Mineralocorticoid Deficiency - Answer (click here)
  12. Anesthesia for Glucocorticoid Excess - Answer (click here)
  13. Anesthesia for Glucocorticoid Deficiency - Answer (click here)
  14. Anesthesia for Catecholamine Excess - Answer (click here)
  15. Anesthesia for Obesity - Answer (click here)
  16. Anesthesia for Carcinoid Syndrome - Answer (click here)

Anesthesia for Patients with Neuromuscular Disease

  1. Anesthesia for Patients with Neuromuscular Disease - Answer (click here)
  2. Anesthesia for Myasthenia Gravis - Answer (click here)
  3. Anesthesia for Paraneoplastic Neuromu Scularsyndromes - Answer (click here)
  4. Anesthesia for Muscular Dystrophies - Answer (click here)
  5. Anesthesia for Myotonias - Answer (click here)
  6. Anesthesia for Periodic Paralysis - Answer (click here)

Anesthesia for Ophthalmic Surgery

  1. Anesthesia for Intraocular Pressure Dynamics - Answer (click here)
  2. Anesthesia for the Oculocardiac Reflex - Answer (click here)
  3. Anesthesia for Intraocular Gas Expansion - Answer (click here)
  4. Anesthesia for Systemic Effects of Ophthalmic Drugs - Answer (click here)
  5. General Anesthesia for Ophthalmic Surgery - Answer (click here)
  6. Regional Anesthesia for Ophthalmic Surgery - Answer (click here)

Anesthesia for Otorhinolaryngologic Surgery

  1. Anesthesia for Endoscopy - Answer (click here)
  2. Anesthesia for Nasal & Sinus Surgery - Answer (click here)
  3. Anesthesia for Head & Neck Cancer Surgery - Answer (click here)
  4. Anesthesia for Maxillofacial Reconstruction & Orthognathic Surgery - Answer (click here)
  5. Anesthesia for Ear Surgery - Answer (click here)

Anesthesia for Orthopedic Surgery

  1. Anesthesia for Orthopedic Surgery - Answer (click here)
  2. Anesthesia for Perioperative Management Considerations in Orthopedic Surgery - Answer (click here)
  3. Anesthesia for Fracture of the Hip - Answer (click here)
  4. Anesthesia for Total Hip Arthroplasty - Answer (click here)
  5. Anesthesia for Closed Reduction of Hip Dislocation - Answer (click here)
  6. Anesthesia for Knee Arthroscopy - Answer (click here)
  7. Anesthesia for Total Knee Replacement - Answer (click here)
  8. Anesthesia for Shoulder Surgery - Answer (click here)
  9. Anesthesia for Distal Upper Extremity Surgery - Answer (click here)

Anesthesia for Trauma and Emergency Surgery

  1. Anesthesia for Trauma & Emergency Surgery - Answer (click here)
  2. Anesthesia for Primary Survey - Answer (click here)
  3. Anesthesia for Resuscitation - Answer (click here)
  4. Anesthesia for Definitive Trauma Interventions - Answer (click here)
  5. Anesthesia for Traumatic Brain Injury - Answer (click here)
  6. Anesthesia for Spinal Cord Injury - Answer (click here)
  7. Anesthesia for Burns - Answer (click here)

Maternal and Fetal Physiology and Anesthesia

  1. Anesthesia for Physiological Changes During Pregnancy - Answer (click here)
  2. Anesthesia for Uteroplacental Circulation - Answer (click here)
  3. Physiology of Normal Labor - Answer (click here)
  4. Effect of Labor on Maternal Physiology - Answer (click here)
  5. Effect of Anesthetic Agents on Uterine Activity & Labor - Answer (click here)
  6. Fetal Physiology - Answer (click here)
  7. Physiological Transition of the Fetus at Birth - Answer (click here)

Obstetric Anesthesia

  1. Anesthetic Risk in Obstetric Patients - Answer (click here)
  2. General Approach to the Obstetric Patient - Answer (click here)
  3. Anesthesia for Labor & Vaginal Delivery - Answer (click here)
  4. Regional Anesthetic Techniques: Spinal Opioids Alone - Answer (click here)
  5. Regional Anesthetic Techniques: Local Anesthetic/Local Anesthetic Opioid Mixtures - Answer (click here)
  6. Anesthesia for Cesarean Section - Answer (click here)
  7. Anesthesia for Cesarean Section: Regional Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
  8. Anesthesia for Cesarean Section: General Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
  9. Anesthesia for Emergency Cesarean Section - Answer (click here)
  10. Anesthesia for Umbilical Cord Prolapse - Answer (click here)
  11. Anesthesia for Dystocia & Abnormal Fetal Presentations & Positions - Answer (click here)
  12. Anesthesia for Multiple Gestations - Answer (click here)
  13. Anesthesia for Antepartum Hemorrhage - Answer (click here)
  14. Anesthesia for Premature Rupture of Membranes & Chorioamnionitis - Answer (click here)
  15. Anesthesia for Preterm Labor - Answer (click here)
  16. Anesthesia for Hypertensive Disorders - Answer (click here)
  17. Anesthesia for Heart Disease - Answer (click here)
  18. Anesthesia for Amniotic Fluid Embolism - Answer (click here)
  19. Anesthesia for Postpartum Hemorrhage - Answer (click here)
  20. Anesthesia for Fetal Resuscitation - Answer (click here)
  21. Anesthesia for Neonatal Resuscitation - Answer (click here)

Pediatric Anesthesia

  1. Pediatric Anesthesia: Anatomic & Physiological Development - Answer (click here)
  2. Pediatric Anesthesia: Pharmacological Differences - Answer (click here)
  3. Pediatric Anesthetic Risk - Answer (click here)
  4. Pediatric Anesthetic Techniques: Preoperative Considerations - Answer (click here)
  5. Pediatric Anesthetic Techniques: Monitoring - Answer (click here)
  6. Pediatric Anesthetic Techniques: Induction - Answer (click here)
  7. Pediatric Anesthetic Techniques: Intravenous Induction - Answer (click here)
  8. Pediatric Anesthetic Techniques: Inhalational Induction - Answer (click here)
  9. Pediatric Anesthetic Techniques: Intravenous Access - Answer (click here)
  10. Pediatric Anesthetic Techniques: Tracheal Intubation - Answer (click here)
  11. Pediatric Anesthetic Techniques: Maintenance - Answer (click here)
  12. Pediatric Anesthetic Techniques: Perioperative Fluid Requirements - Answer (click here)
  13. Pediatric Anesthetic Techniques: Regional Anesthesia and Analgesia - Answer (click here)
  14. Pediatric Anesthetic Techniques: Sedation for Procedures in and out of the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
  15. Pediatric Anesthetic Techniques: Emergence & Recovery - Answer (click here)
  16. Anesthetic Considerations in Prematurity - Answer (click here)
  17. Anesthetic Considerations in Intestinal Malrotation & Volvulus - Answer (click here)
  18. Anesthetic Considerations in Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia - Answer (click here)
  19. Anesthetic Considerations in Tracheoesophageal Fistula - Answer (click here)
  20. Anesthetic Considerations in Gastroschisis & Omphalocele - Answer (click here)
  21. Anesthetic Considerations in Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis - Answer (click here)
  22. Anesthetic Considerations in Infectious Croup, Foreign Body Aspiration, & Acute Epiglottitis - Answer (click here)
  23. Anesthetic Considerations in Tonsillectomy & Adenoidectomy - Answer (click here)
  24. Anesthetic Considerations in Myringotomy & Insertion of Tympanostomy Tubes - Answer (click here)
  25. Anesthetic Considerations in Trisomy 21 Syndrome Down Syndrome - Answer (click here)
  26. Anesthetic Considerations in Cystic Fibrosis - Answer (click here)
  27. Anesthetic Considerations in Scoliosis - Answer (click here)

Geriatric Anesthesia

  1. Geriatric Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
  2. Age-Related Anatomic & Physiological Changes - Answer (click here)
  3. Age-Related Pharmacological Changes - Answer (click here)

Ambulatory Non operating Room and Office Based Anesthesia

  1. Ambulatory, Non operating Room, & Office-Based Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
  2. Advances in Ambulatory Anesthesia and Surgery - Answer (click here)
  3. Candidates for Ambulatory and Office Based Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
  4. Anesthesia: Specific Patient Conditions and Ambulatory Surgery - Answer (click here)
  5. Anesthesia: Intraoperative Considerations - Answer (click here)
  6. Post Anesthesia Recovery and Discharge - Answer (click here)
  7. Anesthesia: Discharge Criteria - Answer (click here)
  8. Unanticipated Hospital Admission Following Ambulatory Surgery - Answer (click here)
  9. Anesthesia: Non Operating Room Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
  10. Anesthesia: Special Considerations in Out of the Operating Room Locations - Answer (click here)

Regional Anesthesia and Pain Management

Spinal Epidural Caudal Blocks

  1. Spinal, Epidural & Caudal Blocks - Answer (click here)
  2. The Role of Neuraxial Anesthesia in Anesthetic Practice - Answer (click here)
  3. Anatomy of Vertebral Column - Answer (click here)
  4. Anatomy of The Spinal Cord - Answer (click here)
  5. Spinal, Epidural & Caudal Blocks: Mechanism of Action - Answer (click here)
  6. Clinical Considerations Common to Spinal & Epidural Blocks - Answer (click here)
  7. Spinal Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
  8. Epidural Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
  9. Epidural Needles and Epidural Catheters - Answer (click here)
  10. Specific Techniques for Epidural Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
  11. Activating an Epidural - Answer (click here)
  12. Epidural Anesthesia: Factors Affecting Level of Block - Answer (click here)
  13. Epidural Anesthetic Agents - Answer (click here)
  14. Epidural Anesthesia: Local Anesthetic pH Adjustment - Answer (click here)
  15. Failed Epidural Blocks - Answer (click here)
  16. Caudal Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
  17. Complications of Neuraxial Blocks - Answer (click here)
  18. Complications Associated with Excessive Responses to Appropriately Placed Drug - Answer (click here)
  19. Complications Associated with Needle or Catheter Insertion - Answer (click here)
  20. Complications Associated with Drug Toxicity - Answer (click here)

Peripheral Nerve Blocks

  1. Peripheral Nerve Blocks: Patient Selection - Answer (click here)
  2. Peripheral Nerve Blocks: Risks & Contraindications - Answer (click here)
  3. Peripheral Nerve Blocks: Choice of Local Anesthetic - Answer (click here)
  4. Peripheral Nerve Blocks: Preparation - Answer (click here)
  5. Peripheral Nerve Blocks: Block Techniques - Answer (click here)
  6. Upper Extremity Peripheral Nerve Blocks: Brachial Plexus Anatomy - Answer (click here)
  7. Upper Extremity Peripheral Nerve Blocks: Interscalene Block - Answer (click here)
  8. Upper Extremity Peripheral Nerve Blocks: Supraclavicular Block - Answer (click here)
  9. Upper Extremity Peripheral Nerve Blocks: Infraclavicular Block - Answer (click here)
  10. Upper Extremity Peripheral Nerve Blocks: Axillary Block - Answer (click here)
  11. Upper Extremity Peripheral Nerve Blocks: Blocks of the Terminal Nerves - Answer (click here)
  12. Upper Extremity Peripheral Nerve Blocks: Intravenous Regional Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
  13. Lower Extremity Peripheral Nerve Blocks: Lumbar & Sacral Plexus Anatomy - Answer (click here)
  14. Lower Extremity Peripheral Nerve Blocks: Femoral Nerve Block - Answer (click here)
  15. Lower Extremity Peripheral Nerve Blocks: Lateral Femoral Cutaneous Nerve Block - Answer (click here)
  16. Lower Extremity Peripheral Nerve Blocks: Obturator Nerve Block - Answer (click here)
  17. Lower Extremity Peripheral Nerve Blocks: Posterior Lumbar Plexus (Psoas Compartment) Block - Answer (click here)
  18. Lower Extremity Peripheral Nerve Blocks: Saphenous Nerve Block - Answer (click here)
  19. Lower Extremity Peripheral Nerve Blocks: Sciatic Nerve Block - Answer (click here)
  20. Lower Extremity Peripheral Nerve Blocks: Ankle Block - Answer (click here)
  21. Peripheral Nerve Blocks of the Trunk: Superficial Cervical Plexus Block - Answer (click here)
  22. Peripheral Nerve Blocks of the Trunk: Intercostal Block - Answer (click here)
  23. Peripheral Nerve Blocks of the Trunk: Paravertebral Block - Answer (click here)
  24. Peripheral Nerve Blocks of the Trunk: Transversus Abdominis Plane Block - Answer (click here)

Chronic Pain Management

  1. Anesthesia: Chronic Pain Management - Answer (click here)
  2. Definitions & Classification of Chronic Pain - Answer (click here)
  3. Pain Pathways - Answer (click here)
  4. Physiology of Nociception - Answer (click here)
  5. Pathophysiology of Chronic Pain - Answer (click here)
  6. Systemic Responses to Pain - Answer (click here)
  7. Evaluation of the Patient with Chronic Pain - Answer (click here)
  8. Entrapment Syndromes - Answer (click here)
  9. Myofascial Pain - Answer (click here)
  10. Fibromyalgia - Answer (click here)
  11. Low Back Pain & Related Syndromes - Answer (click here)
  12. Neuropathic Pain - Answer (click here)
  13. Acute Herpes Zoster & Postherpetic Neuralgia - Chronic Pain Management - Answer (click here)
  14. Headache - Chronic Pain Management - Answer (click here)
  15. Abdominal Pain - Chronic Pain Management - Answer (click here)
  16. Cancer Related Pain - Chronic Pain Management - Answer (click here)
  17. Interventional Therapies: Pharmacological Interventions - Answer (click here)
  18. Diagnostic & Therapeutic Blocks - Answer (click here)
  19. Trigeminal Nerve Block - Answer (click here)
  20. Facial Nerve Block - Answer (click here)
  21. Glossopharyngeal Block - Answer (click here)
  22. Occipital Nerve Block - Answer (click here)
  23. Suprascapular Nerve Block - Answer (click here)
  24. Cervical Paravertebral Nerve Blocks - Answer (click here)
  25. Thoracic Paravertebral Nerve Block - Answer (click here)
  26. Lumbar Paravertebral Nerve Blocks - Answer (click here)
  27. Cervical, Thoracic & Lumbar Medial Branch Blocks - Answer (click here)
  28. Trans-Sacral Nerve Block - Answer (click here)
  29. Pudendal Nerve Block - Answer (click here)
  30. Sympathetic Nerve Blocks - Answer (click here)
  31. Cervicothoracic (Stellate) Block - Answer (click here)
  32. Splanchnic Nerve Block - Answer (click here)
  33. Celiac Plexus Block - Answer (click here)
  34. Lumbar Sympathetic Block - Answer (click here)
  35. Superior Hypogastric Plexus Block - Answer (click here)
  36. Ganglion Impar Block - Answer (click here)
  37. Intravenous Regional Block - Answer (click here)
  38. Epidural Injections - Answer (click here)
  39. Radio frequency Ablation & Cryoneurolysis - Answer (click here)
  40. Chemical Neurolysis - Answer (click here)
  41. Differential Neural Blockade - Answer (click here)
  42. Neuromodulation - Answer (click here)
  43. Vertebral Augmentation - Answer (click here)
  44. Multidisciplinary Treatment - Answer (click here)

Perioperative Pain Management Enhanced Outcomes

  1. Evolution of Enhanced Recovery Programs - Answer (click here)
  2. Anesthetic Management: Preoperative Period - Answer (click here)
  3. Anesthetic Management: Intraoperative Period - Answer (click here)
  4. Anesthetic Management: Postoperative Period - Answer (click here)
  5. Anesthetic Management: Issues in the Implementation of Enhanced Recovery Programs - Answer (click here)

Perioperative and Critical Care Medicine

Management of Patients with Fluid Electrolyte Disturbances

  1. Nomenclature of Solutions - Answer (click here)
  2. Fluid Compartments - Answer (click here)
  3. Disorders of Water Balance - Answer (click here)
  4. Disorders of Water Balance: Control of Plasma Osmolality - Answer (click here)
  5. Disorders of Water Balance: Hyperosmolality & Hypernatremia - Answer (click here)
  6. Disorders of Water Balance: Hypoosmolality & Hyponatremia - Answer (click here)
  7. Disorders of Sodium Balance - Answer (click here)
  8. Disorders of Potassium Balance - Answer (click here)
  9. Intercompartmental Shifts of Potassium - Answer (click here)
  10. Hypokalemia - Answer (click here)
  11. Hyperkalemia - Answer (click here)
  12. Disorders of Calcium Balance: Normal Calcium Balance - Answer (click here)
  13. Hypercalcemia - Answer (click here)
  14. Hypocalcemia - Answer (click here)
  15. Disorders of Phosphorus Balance - Answer (click here)
  16. Normal Phosphorus Balance - Answer (click here)
  17. Hyperphosphatemia - Answer (click here)
  18. Hypophosphatemia - Answer (click here)
  19. Disorders of Magnesium Balance - Answer (click here)
  20. Normal Magnesium Balance - Answer (click here)
  21. Hypermagnesemia - Answer (click here)
  22. Hypomagnesemia - Answer (click here)

Acid Base Management

  1. Acid-Base Management - Answer (click here)
  2. Hydrogen Ion Concentration & pH - Answer (click here)
  3. Acids & Bases - Answer (click here)
  4. Strong Ion Difference - Answer (click here)
  5. Conjugate Pairs & Buffers - Answer (click here)
  6. Acid-Base Clinical Disorders - Answer (click here)
  7. Body Buffers - Answer (click here)
  8. Respiratory Compensation - Answer (click here)
  9. Renal Acid-Base Compensation - Answer (click here)
  10. Physiological Effects of Acidemia - Answer (click here)
  11. Respiratory Acidosis - Answer (click here)
  12. Metabolic Acidosis - Answer (click here)
  13. Anesthetic considerations in Patients With Acidosis - Answer (click here)
  14. Physiological Effects of Alkalosis - Answer (click here)
  15. Respiratory Alkalosis - Answer (click here)
  16. Metabolic Alkalosis - Answer (click here)
  17. Anesthetic Considerations in Patients With Alkalemia - Answer (click here)
  18. Diagnosis of Acid Base Disorders - Answer (click here)
  19. Measurement of Blood Gas Tensions & pH - Answer (click here)

Fluid Management and Blood Component Therapy

  1. Evaluation of Intravascular Volume - Answer (click here)
  2. Intravenous Fluids - Answer (click here)
  3. Perioperative Fluid Therapy - Answer (click here)
  4. Transfusion - Answer (click here)
  5. Complications of Blood Transfusion - Answer (click here)
  6. Alternative Strategies for Management of Blood Loss During Surgery - Answer (click here)

Thermoregulation and Hypothermia and Malignant Hyperthermia

  1. Thermoregulation & Hypothermia - Answer (click here)
  2. Malignant Hyperthermia - Answer (click here)

Nutrition in Perioperative and Critical Care

  1. Basic Nutritional Needs - Answer (click here)
  2. How to Feed the Patient - Answer (click here)
  3. Complications of Nutritional Support - Answer (click here)
  4. Specific Nutrients - Answer (click here)
  5. Enteral Nutrition and NIL Per OS Rules Priorto Elective Surgery - Answer (click here)
  6. TPN and Surgery - Answer (click here)

Anesthetic Complications

  1. Litigation and Anesthetic Complications - Answer (click here)
  2. Adverse Anesthetic Outcomes - Answer (click here)
  3. Anesthetic Complications: Mortality and Brain Injury - Answer (click here)
  4. Anesthetic Complications: Vascular Cannulation - Answer (click here)
  5. Anesthetic Complications: Obstetric Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
  6. Anesthetic Complications: Regional Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
  7. Anesthetic Complications: Pediatric Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
  8. Out of the Operating Room Anesthesia and Monitored Anesthesia Care - Answer (click here)
  9. Anesthetic Complications: Equipment Problems - Answer (click here)
  10. Anesthetic Complications: Quality Management - Answer (click here)
  11. Anesthetic Complications: Airway Injury - Answer (click here)
  12. Anesthetic Complications: Peripheral Nerve Injury - Answer (click here)
  13. Anesthetic Complications: Awareness - Answer (click here)
  14. Anesthetic Complications: Eye Injury - Answer (click here)
  15. Anesthetic Complications: Cardiopulmonary Arrest During Spinal Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
  16. Anesthetic Complications: Hearing Loss - Answer (click here)
  17. Anesthetic Complications: Allergic Reactions - Answer (click here)
  18. Occupational Hazards in Anesthesiology - Answer (click here)

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation

  1. Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation - Answer (click here)
  2. Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation: Airway - Answer (click here)
  3. Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation: Breathing - Answer (click here)
  4. Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation: Circulation - Answer (click here)
  5. Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation: Defibrillation - Answer (click here)
  6. Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation: Recommended Resuscitation Protocols - Answer (click here)

Postanesthesia Care

  1. Postanesthesia Care - Answer (click here)
  2. The Postanesthesia Care Unit - Answer (click here)
  3. Emergence From General Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
  4. Transport From the Operating Room to the PACU - Answer (click here)
  5. Routine Recovery - Answer (click here)
  6. Respiratory Complications - Answer (click here)
  7. Circulatory Complications - Answer (click here)

Critical Care

  1. Critical Care - Answer (click here)
  2. Economic, Ethical, & Legal Issues in Critical Care - Answer (click here)
  3. Respiratory Care - Answer (click here)
  4. Medical Gas Therapy - Answer (click here)
  5. Classifying Oxygen Therapy Equipment - Answer (click here)
  6. Ambient Oxygen Therapy Equipment: Variable-Performance Equipment - Answer (click here)
  7. Ambient Oxygen Therapy Equipment: Fixed-Performance (High-Flow) Equipment - Answer (click here)
  8. Ambient Oxygen Therapy Equipment: Hazards of Oxygen Therapy - Answer (click here)
  9. Mechanical Ventilation - Answer (click here)
  10. Positive-Pressure Ventilators - Answer (click here)
  11. Care of Patients Requiring Mechanical Ventilation - Answer (click here)
  12. Discontinuing Mechanical Ventilation - Answer (click here)
  13. Positive Airway Pressure Therapy - Answer (click here)
  14. Other Respiratory Care Techniques - Answer (click here)
  15. Respiratory Failure - Answer (click here)
  16. Pulmonary Edema - Answer (click here)
  17. Increased Transmural Pressure Pulmonary Edema (“Cardiogenic” Pulmonary Edema) - Answer (click here)
  18. Increased Permeability Pulmonary Edema (Noncardiogenic Pulmonary Edema): Acute Lung Injury & ARDS - Answer (click here)
  19. Critical Care: Drowning & Near Drowning - Answer (click here)
  20. Critical Care: Smoke Inhalation - Answer (click here)
  21. Acute Myocardial Infarction - Answer (click here)
  22. Acute Kidney Injury & Failure - Answer (click here)
  23. Prerenal Azotemia - Answer (click here)
  24. Postrenal Azotemia - Answer (click here)
  25. Reversible Azotemia Versus AKI - Answer (click here)
  26. Infections & Sepsis - Answer (click here)
  27. Pathophysiology of SIRS - Answer (click here)
  28. Infections In the ICU - Answer (click here)
  29. Septic Shock - Answer (click here)
  30. Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage - Answer (click here)
  31. End-of-Life Care - Answer (click here)

Safety Quality and Performance Improvement

  1. Patient Safety Issues - Answer (click here)
  2. Quality of Care Performance Improvement Issues - Answer (click here)
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