Clinical Dermatology
- Lecture Notes, Study Materials and Important questions answers

Subject : Clinical Dermatology

Skin disease in perspective

1. Skin disease in perspective - Answer (click here)
2. Skin disease in perspective: Causes - Answer (click here)
3. Skin disease in perspective: Prevalence - Answer (click here)
4. Skin disease in perspective: Impact - Answer (click here)

The function and structure of the skin

1. The function and structure of the skin - Answer (click here)
2. Skin Epidermis - Answer (click here)
3. The dermo-epidermal junction - Answer (click here)
4. Skin Dermis - Answer (click here)
5. The skin immune system - Answer (click here)
6. Some cellular components of the skin immune system - Answer (click here)
7. Molecular components of the skin immune system - Answer (click here)
8. Hypersensitivity reactions in the skin - Answer (click here)

Diagnosis of skin disorders

1. Diagnosis of skin disorders - Answer (click here)
2. Diagnosis of skin disorders: Examination - Answer (click here)
3. Special tools and techniques - Diagnosis of skin disorders - Answer (click here)
4. Assessment - Diagnosis of skin disorders - Answer (click here)
5. Side-room and office tests - Diagnosis of skin disorders - Answer (click here)
6. Laboratory tests - Diagnosis of skin disorders - Answer (click here)
7. Disorders of keratinization - Answer (click here)
8. The ichthyoses - Disorders of keratinization - Answer (click here)
9. Ichthyosis vulgaris - Answer (click here)
10. X-linked recessive ichthyosis - Answer (click here)
11. Collodion baby - Answer (click here)
12. Lamellar ichthyosis and non-bullous ichthyosiform erythroderma - Answer (click here)
13. Epidermolytic hyperkeratosis (bullous ichthyosiform erythroderma) - Answer (click here)
14. Other ichthyosiform disorders - Answer (click here)
15. Acquired ichthyosis - Answer (click here)
16. Keratosis pilaris - Answer (click here)
17. Keratosis follicularis (Darier’s disease) - Answer (click here)
18. Keratoderma of the palms and soles - Answer (click here)
19. Knuckle pads - Answer (click here)
20. Callosities and corns - Answer (click here)

Psoriasis

1. Cause and pathogenesis of Psoriasis - Answer (click here)
2. Psoriasis: Precipitating factors - Answer (click here)
3. Psoriasis: Histology - Answer (click here)
4. Psoriasis: Presentation - Answer (click here)
5. Psoriasis: Complications - Answer (click here)
6. Psoriasis: Differential diagnosis, Investigations - Answer (click here)
7. Psoriasis: Treatment - Answer (click here)
8. Psoriasis: Local treatments - Answer (click here)
9. Psoriasis: Ultraviolet radiation treatments - Answer (click here)
10. Psoriasis: Special situations treatments - Answer (click here)
11. Psoriasis: Systemic treatment - Answer (click here)
12. Psoriasis: Combination therapy treatment - Answer (click here)

Other papulosquamous disorders

1. Pityriasis rosea - Answer (click here)
2. Lichen planus - Answer (click here)
3. Pityriasis rubra pilaris - Answer (click here)
4. Parapsoriasis and premycotic eruption - Answer (click here)
5. Pityriasis lichenoides - Answer (click here)
6. Erythroderma/exfoliative dermatitis - Answer (click here)

Eczema and dermatitis

1. Eczema and dermatitis: Terminology - Answer (click here)
2. Classification of eczema - Answer (click here)
3. Eczema and dermatitis: Pathogenesis - Answer (click here)
4. Eczema and dermatitis: Histology - Answer (click here)
5. Eczema and dermatitis: Clinical appearance - Answer (click here)
6. Eczema and dermatitis: Complications, Differential diagnosis - Answer (click here)
7. Eczema and dermatitis: Investigations - Answer (click here)
8. Irritant contact dermatitis - Answer (click here)
9. Allergic contact dermatitis - Answer (click here)
10. Occupational dermatitis - Answer (click here)
11. Atopic eczema - Answer (click here)
12. Seborrhoeic eczema - Answer (click here)
13. Discoid (nummular) eczema - Answer (click here)
14. Pompholyx - Answer (click here)
15. Gravitational (stasis) eczema - Answer (click here)
16. Asteatotic eczema - Answer (click here)
17. Localized neurodermatitis (lichen simplex) - Answer (click here)
18. Juvenile plantar dermatosis - Answer (click here)

Reactive erythemas and vasculitis

1. Urticaria (hives, ‘nettle-rash’) - Answer (click here)
2. Erythema multiforme - Answer (click here)
3. Erythema nodosum - Answer (click here)
4. Leucocytoclastic - Answer (click here)
5. Polyarteritis nodosa - Answer (click here)
6. Wegener’s granulomatosis - Answer (click here)

Bullous diseases

1. Bullous diseases - Answer (click here)
2. Pemphigus - Answer (click here)
3. Other causes of subcorneal and intraepidermal blistering - Answer (click here)
4. Pemphigoid - Answer (click here)
5. Pemphigoid gestationis (herpes gestationis) - Answer (click here)
6. Cicatricial pemphigoid - Answer (click here)
7. Linear IgA bullous disease - Answer (click here)
8. Acquired epidermolysis bullosa - Answer (click here)
9. Dermatitis herpetiformis - Answer (click here)
10. Other causes of subepidermal blisters - Answer (click here)
11. Toxic epidermal necrolysis (Lyell’s disease) - Answer (click here)
12. Epidermolysis bullosa - Answer (click here)

Connective tissue disorders

1. Connective tissue disorders - Answer (click here)
2. Systemic lupus erythematosus - Answer (click here)
3. Subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus - Answer (click here)
4. Discoid lupus erythematosus - Answer (click here)
5. Dermatomyositis - Answer (click here)
6. Systemic sclerosis - Answer (click here)
7. CREST syndrome - Answer (click here)
8. Eosinophilic fasciitis - Answer (click here)
9. Morphoea - Answer (click here)
10. Lichen sclerosus - Answer (click here)
11. Mixed connective tissue disease - Answer (click here)
12. Other connective tissue diseases - Answer (click here)

Disorders of blood vessels and lymphatics

1. Disorders involving small blood vessels - Answer (click here)
2. Arterial disease - Answer (click here)
3. Deep vein thrombosis - Venous disease - Answer (click here)
4. Thrombophlebitis - Venous disease - Answer (click here)
5. Venous hypertension, the gravitational syndrome and venous leg ulceration - Answer (click here)
6. Purpura - Venous disease - Answer (click here)
7. Disorders of the lymphatics - Answer (click here)

Sebaceous and sweat gland disorders

1. Sebaceous glands - Answer (click here)
2. Acne - Answer (click here)
3. Acne Treatment - Answer (click here)
4. Rosacea - Answer (click here)
5. Eccrine sweat glands - Answer (click here)
6. Apocrine sweat glands - Answer (click here)

Regional dermatology

1. The hair - Answer (click here)
2. The hair: Classification - Answer (click here)
3. The hair cycle - Answer (click here)
4. Alopecia - Answer (click here)
5. Alopecia areata - Answer (click here)
6. Androgenetic alopecia (male-pattern baldness) - Answer (click here)
7. Traction alopecia - Answer (click here)
8. Patchy hair loss caused by skin disease - Answer (click here)
9. Diffuse hair loss - Answer (click here)
10. Rare genetic causes of hypotrichosis - Answer (click here)
11. Hirsutism and hypertrichosis - Answer (click here)
12. Hypertrichosis - Answer (click here)
13. The nails - Answer (click here)
14. The nails: Effects of trauma - Answer (click here)
15. The nail in systemic disease - Answer (click here)
16. Nail changes in the common dermatoses - Answer (click here)
17. The nails Infections - Answer (click here)
18. Some other nail abnormalities - Answer (click here)
19. The mouth and genitals - Answer (click here)
20. Lichen planus - Answer (click here)
21. Candidiasis - Answer (click here)
22. Contact stomatitis - Answer (click here)
23. Bullous diseases - Answer (click here)
24. Aphthae - Answer (click here)
25. Some other oral lumps, bumps and colour changes - Answer (click here)
26. Squamous cell carcinoma - Answer (click here)
27. Vulvovaginitis - Answer (click here)
28. Lichen sclerosus - Answer (click here)
29. Vulval and scrotal pruritus - Answer (click here)
30. Malignant conditions: Squamous cell carcinoma - Answer (click here)

Infections

1. Bacterial infections: The resident flora of the skin - Answer (click here)
2. Streptococcal infections - Answer (click here)
3. Spirochaetal infections - Answer (click here)
4. Other Bacterial infections - Answer (click here)
5. Mycobacterial infections - Answer (click here)
6. Other mycobacterial infections - Answer (click here)
7. Viral infections: Viral warts - Answer (click here)
8. Viral infections: Varicella (chickenpox) - Answer (click here)
9. Viral infections: Herpes zoster - Answer (click here)
10. Molluscum contagiosum - Answer (click here)
11. Orf - Answer (click here)
12. Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) - Answer (click here)
13. Mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome (Kawasaki’s disease) - Answer (click here)
14. Gianotti–Crosti syndrome - Answer (click here)
15. Herpangina, Measles, Rubella, Erythema infectiosum - Answer (click here)
16. Dermatophyte infections (ringworm) - Fungal infections - Answer (click here)
17. Candidiasis - Fungal infections - Answer (click here)
18. Pityriasis versicolor - Answer (click here)
19. Deep fungal infections - Answer (click here)

Infestations

1. Insect bites - Arthropods - Answer (click here)
2. Papular urticaria - Answer (click here)
3. Bed bugs (Hemiptera) and Myiasis - Answer (click here)
4. Lice infestations (pediculosis) - Answer (click here)
5. Scabies - Answer (click here)
6. Infestations of Parasitic worms - Answer (click here)

Skin reactions to light

1. Skin reactions to light - Answer (click here)
2. Sunburn - Answer (click here)
3. Phototoxicity - Answer (click here)
4. Photoallergy - Answer (click here)
5. Chronic actinic dermatitis (actinic reticuloid) - Answer (click here)
6. Polymorphic light eruption - Answer (click here)
7. Actinic prurigo - Answer (click here)
8. Solar urticaria - Answer (click here)
9. Lupus erythematosus - Answer (click here)
10. Cutaneous ageing - Answer (click here)

Disorders of pigmentation

1. Normal skin colour - Answer (click here)
2. Abnormal skin colours - Answer (click here)
3. Decreased melanin pigmentation - Answer (click here)
4. Disorders with increased pigmentation (hypermelanosis) - Answer (click here)

Skin tumours

1. Skin tumours: Prevention - Answer (click here)
2. Benign - Answer (click here)
3. Premalignant tumours - Answer (click here)
4. Basal cell carcinoma (rodent ulcer) - Answer (click here)
5. Squamous cell carcinoma - Answer (click here)
6. Malignant melanoma - Answer (click here)
7. Paget’s disease of the nipple - Answer (click here)
8. Tumours of the dermis: Benign - Answer (click here)
9. Tumours of the dermis: Malformations - Answer (click here)
10. Tumours of the dermis: Haemangiomas - Answer (click here)
11. Tumours of the dermis: Lymphangiomas - Answer (click here)
12. Other benign dermal tumours - Answer (click here)
13. Malignant: Kaposi’s sarcoma - Answer (click here)
14. Lymphomas and leukaemias - Answer (click here)
15. Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans and Cutaneous metastases - Answer (click here)

The skin in systemic disease

1. The skin and internal malignancy - Answer (click here)
2. The skin and diabetes mellitus - Answer (click here)
3. The skin in sarcoidosis - Answer (click here)
4. The skin in liver disease - Answer (click here)
5. The skin in renal disease - Answer (click here)
6. The porphyrias - Answer (click here)
7. Some metabolic disorders - Answer (click here)
8. Generalized pruritus - Answer (click here)
9. Pyoderma gangrenosum - Answer (click here)
10. The skin changes of pregnancy - Answer (click here)

The skin and the psyche

1. The skin and the psyche - Answer (click here)
2. Reactions to skin disease - Answer (click here)
3. Dermatoses precipitated or perpetuated by emotional factors - Answer (click here)

Other genetic disorders

1. Other genetic disorders - Answer (click here)
2. Non-Mendelian genetics - Answer (click here)
3. Neurofibromatosis - Answer (click here)
4. Tuberous sclerosis - Answer (click here)
5. Xeroderma pigmentosum - Answer (click here)
6. Incontinentia pigmenti - Answer (click here)
7. Ehlers–Danlos syndrome - Answer (click here)
8. Pseudoxanthoma elasticum - Answer (click here)

Drug eruptions

1. Drug eruptions Mechanisms - Answer (click here)
2. Drug eruptions Presentation: Some drugs and the reactions they can cause - Answer (click here)
3. Some common reaction patterns and drugs which can cause them - Answer (click here)
4. Drug eruptions Course and Differential diagnosis - Answer (click here)
5. Drug eruptions Treatment - Answer (click here)

Medical treatment

1. Medical treatment - Answer (click here)
2. Therapeutic options - Answer (click here)
3. Topical treatment - Answer (click here)
4. Systemic therapy - Answer (click here)

Physical forms of treatment

1. Surgery - Physical forms of treatment - Answer (click here)
2. Cryotherapy - Physical forms of treatment - Answer (click here)
3. Radiotherapy - Physical forms of treatment - Answer (click here)
4. Phototherapy - Physical forms of treatment - Answer (click here)
5. Laser therapy - Physical forms of treatment - Answer (click here)