Thursday 10 May 2018

Medical Microbiology - Lecture Notes, Study Materials and Important questions answers



Medical Microbiology
- Lecture Notes, Study Materials and Important questions answers




Subject : Medical Microbiology

Diseases Overview

  1. The Infectious Agents : The Microbial World - Answer (click here)
  2. Infectious Disease - Answer (click here)
  3. Clinical Aspects of Infectious Disease - Answer (click here)

Diseases Bacterial Structures

  1. General Morphology, Body Plan, and Composition - Bacterial Structures - Answer (click here)
  2. Envelope and Appendages - Bacterial Structures - Answer (click here)
  3. Capsule - Bacterial Structures - Answer (click here)
  4. Cell Wall - Bacterial Structures - Answer (click here)
  5. Gram Positive Cell Wall - Bacterial Structures - Answer (click here)
  6. Gram Negative Cell Wall - Bacterial Structures - Answer (click here)
  7. Cell Membrane - Bacterial Structures - Answer (click here)
  8. Flagella - Bacterial Structures - Answer (click here)
  9. Pili - Bacterial Structures - Answer (click here)
  10. Core - Bacterial Structures - Answer (click here)
  11. Cytosol - Bacterial Structures - Answer (click here)
  12. Nucleoid - Bacterial Structures - Answer (click here)
  13. Plasmids - Bacterial Structures - Answer (click here)
  14. Spores - Bacterial Structures - Answer (click here)

Diseases Bacterial Processes

  1. Bacterial Metabolism - Cell Growth of Bacterial - Answer (click here)
  2. Fueling Reactions - Cell Growth of Bacterial - Answer (click here)
  3. Biosynthesis - Cell Growth of Bacterial - Answer (click here)
  4. Polymerization Reactions - Cell Growth of Bacterial - Answer (click here)
  5. Assembly Reactions and Protein Translocation - Cell Growth of Bacterial - Answer (click here)
  6. Cell Division - Cell Growth of Bacterial - Answer (click here)
  7. Growth of Bacterial Cultures - Answer (click here)
  8. Biofilms - Bacterial Processes - Answer (click here)
  9. Regulation and Adaptation - Cell Growth of Bacterial - Answer (click here)
  10. Cell Survival - Bacterial Processes - Answer (click here)
  11. Bacterial Virulence - Answer (click here)

Diseases Bacterial Genetics

  1. Bacterial Variation and Inheritance - Bacterial Genetics - Answer (click here)
  2. Mutation and Repair - Bacterial Genetics - Answer (click here)
  3. Genetic Exchange in Bacteria - Answer (click here)
  4. Transformation - Genetic Exchange in Bacteria - Answer (click here)
  5. Transduction - Genetic Exchange in Bacteria - Answer (click here)
  6. Conjugation - Genetic Exchange in Bacteria - Answer (click here)
  7. Genetic Recombination - Bacterial Genetics - Answer (click here)
  8. Transposable Elements - Bacterial Genetics - Answer (click here)
  9. More about Bacterial Plasmids - Answer (click here)
  10. General Properties and Varieties of Plasmids - Bacterial Genetics - Answer (click here)
  11. R Plasmids - Bacterial Genetics - Answer (click here)
  12. Detection of Plasmids - Bacterial Genetics - Answer (click here)
  13. Bacterial Classification - Answer (click here)
  14. Population Genetics of Pathogens - Answer (click here)

Diseases Viral Structure

  1. Viral Structure - Answer (click here)
  2. Virion Size and Design - Viral Structure - Answer (click here)
  3. Genome Structure - Viral Structure - Answer (click here)
  4. Capsid Structure - Viral Structure - Answer (click here)

Diseases Viral Multiplication

  1. Growth and Assay of Viruses - Viral Multiplication - Answer (click here)
  2. One-Step Growth Experiment - Viral Multiplication - Answer (click here)
  3. Adsorption - Viral Multiplication - Answer (click here)
  4. Entry and Uncoating - Viral Multiplication - Answer (click here)
  5. Problems of Producing mRNA - Answer (click here)
  6. Genome Replication: DNA, RNA Viruses - Answer (click here)
  7. Assembly of Naked Capsid Viruses and Nucleocapsids - Answer (click here)
  8. Release - Viral Multiplication - Answer (click here)
  9. Quantitation of Viruses - Answer (click here)
  10. Interferons - Viral Multiplication - Answer (click here)

Diseases Viral Genetics

  1. Mechanisms of Viral Genetic Change - Answer (click here)
  2. Latent State - Viral Genetics - Answer (click here)
  3. Lysogeny - Viral Genetics - Answer (click here)
  4. Malignant Transformation - Viral Genetics - Answer (click here)
  5. Transformation by DNA Animal Viruses - Answer (click here)
  6. Transformation by Retroviruses - Answer (click here)

Diseases Immune Response to Infection

  1. Immune Response to Infection - Answer (click here)
  2. Immuno Responsive Cells - Answer (click here)
  3. Antigens and Epitopes - Answer (click here)
  4. Basis of Immunologic Specificity - Answer (click here)
  5. The T-Cell Response - Answer (click here)
  6. Cell-Mediated Immunity - Answer (click here)
  7. B Cells and Antibody Responses - Answer (click here)
  8. Antibodies - B Cells and Antibody Responses - Answer (click here)
  9. Functional Properties of Immunoglobulins - Answer (click here)
  10. Antibody Production - Answer (click here)
  11. Antibody-Mediated Immunity - Answer (click here)
  12. Complement System - Immune Response to Infection - Answer (click here)
  13. Adverse Effects of Immunologic Reactions and Hypersensitivity - Answer (click here)
  14. Tolerance - Immune Response to Infection - Answer (click here)
  15. Functional Integration of the Immune System in Response to Infectious Organisms - Answer (click here)

Diseases Normal Microbial Flora

  1. Origin of the Normal Flora - Answer (click here)
  2. Factors Determining the Nature of the Normal Flora - Answer (click here)
  3. Normal Flora at Different Sites - Answer (click here)
  4. Role of the Normal Flora in Disease - Answer (click here)
  5. Beneficial Effects of the Normal Flora - Answer (click here)
  6. Manipulation of the Normal Flora - Answer (click here)

Diseases Host Parasite Relationships

  1. Emergence of Infectious Disease - Answer (click here)
  2. Outcome of Infection - Answer (click here)
  3. What is a Pathogen? - Answer (click here)
  4. Changes in Microbial Pathogenicity - Answer (click here)
  5. Toward a Genetic and Molecular Definition of Pathogenicity - Answer (click here)
  6. Attributes of Microbial Pathogenicity - Answer (click here)
  7. Adherence: The Search for a Unique Niche - Attributes of Microbial Pathogenicity - Answer (click here)
  8. Strategy for Survival: Avoid, Circumvent, Subvert, or Manipulate Normal Host Cell Defenses - Answer (click here)
  9. Establishment: Overcoming the Host’s Immune System - Answer (click here)
  10. Exotoxins - Virulence Factors: Toxins - Answer (click here)
  11. Endotoxin - Virulence Factors: Toxins - Answer (click here)
  12. Avoiding the Host Immune System - Answer (click here)
  13. Inadvertent Tissue Damage From Immune Reactions Directed Against Invading Bacteria - Answer (click here)
  14. Disease and Transmissibility - Answer (click here)
  15. Corollaries of Microbial Pathogenicity - Answer (click here)

Sterilization and Disinfection

  1. Sterilization and Disinfection: Definitions - Answer (click here)
  2. Microbial Killing - Answer (click here)
  3. Sterilization - Answer (click here)
  4. Disinfection: Physical Methods and Chemical Methods - Answer (click here)

Diseases Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases

  1. Sources and Communicability - Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases - Answer (click here)
  2. Infection and Disease - Answer (click here)
  3. Incubation Period and Communicability - Answer (click here)
  4. Routes of Transmission - Answer (click here)
  5. Epidemics - Answer (click here)
  6. Control of Epidemics - Answer (click here)
  7. General Principles of Immunization - Answer (click here)

Diseases Antibacterial and Antiviral Agents

  1. Antibacterial Therapy - Answer (click here)
  2. Selected Antibacterial Antimicrobics - Answer (click here)
  3. β-Lactam Antimicrobics - Antimicrobics That Act on Cell Wall Synthesis - Answer (click here)
  4. Glycopeptide Antimicrobics - Antimicrobics That Act on Cell Wall Synthesis - Answer (click here)
  5. Aminoglycosides - Antimicrobics That Act on Cell Wall Synthesis - Answer (click here)
  6. Tetracyclines - Antimicrobics That Act on Cell Wall Synthesis - Answer (click here)
  7. Chloramphenicol - Antimicrobics That Act on Cell Wall Synthesis - Answer (click here)
  8. Macrolides - Antimicrobics That Act on Cell Wall Synthesis - Answer (click here)
  9. Clindamycin, Oxazolidinones, Streptogramins - Antimicrobics That Act on Cell Wall Synthesis - Answer (click here)
  10. Quinolones - Antimicrobics That Act on Cell Wall Synthesis - Answer (click here)
  11. Folate Inhibitors - Antimicrobics That Act on Cell Wall Synthesis - Answer (click here)
  12. Metronidazole, Rifampin - Antimicrobics That Act on Cell Wall Synthesis - Answer (click here)
  13. Antimicrobics Acting on the Outer and Cytoplasmic Membranes - Answer (click here)
  14. Antiviral Therapy - Answer (click here)
  15. Inhibitors of Attachment - Antiviral Agents - Answer (click here)
  16. Inhibitors of Cell Penetration and Uncoating - Antiviral Agents - Answer (click here)
  17. Neuraminidase Inhibitors - Antiviral Agents - Answer (click here)
  18. Inhibitors of Nucleic Acid Synthesis - Antiviral Agents - Answer (click here)
  19. Inhibitor of Viral RNA Synthesis: Ribavirin - Antiviral Agents - Answer (click here)
  20. Inhibitors of HIV - Antiviral Agents - Answer (click here)
  21. Nucleotide Analogs: Cidofovir - Antiviral Agents - Answer (click here)
  22. Foscarnet, Interferons, Fomivirsen - Antiviral Agents - Answer (click here)
  23. Antiviral Resistance - Answer (click here)

Diseases Antimicrobial Resistance

  1. Susceptibility and Antimicrobial Resistance - Answer (click here)
  2. Laboratory Control of Antimicrobial Therapy - Answer (click here)
  3. Mechanisms of Resistance - Bacterial Resistance to Antimicrobics - Answer (click here)
  4. Genetics of Resistance - Bacterial Resistance to Antimicrobics - Answer (click here)
  5. Epidemiology of Resistance - Bacterial Resistance to Antimicrobics - Answer (click here)
  6. Control of Resistance - Bacterial Resistance to Antimicrobics - Answer (click here)
  7. Selection and Administration of Antibacterial Antimicrobics - Answer (click here)

Diseases Principles of Laboratory Diagnosis of Infectious Diseases

  1. Specimen - Laboratory Diagnosis of Infectious Diseases - Answer (click here)
  2. Direct Examination - Laboratory Diagnosis of Infectious Diseases - Answer (click here)
  3. Isolation and Identification of Bacteria - Laboratory Diagnosis of Infectious Diseases - Answer (click here)
  4. Isolation and Identification of Viruses - Laboratory Diagnosis of Infectious Diseases - Answer (click here)
  5. Methods for Detecting an Antigen-Antibody Reaction - Answer (click here)
  6. Serologic Classification - Immunologic Systems - Answer (click here)
  7. Antibody Detection (Serology) - Answer (click here)
  8. Antigen Detection - Immunologic Systems - Answer (click here)
  9. Nucleic Acid Analysis - Answer (click here)
  10. Methods of Nucleic Acid Analysis - Answer (click here)
  11. Application of Nucleic Acid Methods to Infectious Diseases - Answer (click here)

Diseases Staphylococci

  1. Staphyloccoci: Group Characteristics - Answer (click here)
  2. Morphology and Structure - Staphylococcus aureus - Answer (click here)
  3. Characteristics for Identification and Subtyping - Staphylococcus aureus - Answer (click here)
  4. Toxins and Biologically active Extracellular Enzymes - Staphylococcus aureus - Answer (click here)
  5. Staphylococcal Disease - Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, Immunity - Answer (click here)
  6. Staphylococcal Infections : Clinical Aspects - Answer (click here)
  7. Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci - Answer (click here)

Diseases Streptococci and Enterococci

  1. Streptococci - Group Characteristics - Answer (click here)
  2. Group A Streptococci (Streptococcus pyogenes) - Bacteriology - Answer (click here)
  3. Group A Strepto Coccal Disease - Answer (click here)
  4. Group A Strepto Coccal Infections : Clinical Aspects - Answer (click here)
  5. Group B Streptococci (Streptococcus agalactiae) - Answer (click here)
  6. Group B Strepto Coccal Disease - Answer (click here)
  7. Group B Strepto Cocci : Clinical Aspects - Answer (click here)
  8. Streptococcus pneumonia - Bacteriology - Answer (click here)
  9. Pneumococcal Disease - Answer (click here)
  10. Pneumococcal Disease : Clinical Aspects - Answer (click here)
  11. Viridans and Nonhemolytic Streptococci - Answer (click here)
  12. Enterococci - Answer (click here)
  13. Entero Coccal Disease - Answer (click here)
  14. Entero Coccal Disease : Clinical Aspects - Answer (click here)

Diseases CorynebacteriumListeriaand Bacillus

  1. Corynebacteria - Answer (click here)
  2. Corynebacterium diphtheria - Bacteriology - Answer (click here)
  3. Corynebacterium diphtheria : Clinical aspects - Answer (click here)
  4. Listeria Monocytogenes - Bacteriology - Answer (click here)
  5. Listeria Monocytogenes : Clinical aspects - Answer (click here)
  6. Bacillus anthracis - Answer (click here)
  7. Anthrax - Answer (click here)
  8. Anthrax : Clinical Aspects - Answer (click here)
  9. Other Bacillus Species - Answer (click here)

Diseases Clostridium Peptostreptococcus Bacteroides and Other Anaerobes

  1. Bacteriology : Anaerobic Bacteria - Answer (click here)
  2. Anaerobic Infections - Answer (click here)
  3. Anaerobic Infections : Clinical Aspects - Answer (click here)
  4. Clostridium Perfringens - Bacteriology - Answer (click here)
  5. Clostridium Perfringens Disease - Answer (click here)
  6. Clostridium Perfringens : Clinical Aspects - Answer (click here)
  7. Clostridium Tetani - Bacteriology - Answer (click here)
  8. Tetanus : Clinical Aspects - Answer (click here)
  9. Clostridium Botulinum - Bacteriology - Answer (click here)
  10. Botulism - Answer (click here)
  11. Botulism : Clinical Aspects - Answer (click here)
  12. Clostridium Difficile - Bacteriology - Answer (click here)
  13. Clostridium Difficile Diarrhea - Answer (click here)
  14. Clostridium Difficile : Clinical Aspects - Answer (click here)
  15. Bacteroides Fragilis - Bacteriology - Answer (click here)
  16. Bacteroides Fragilis Disease - Answer (click here)
  17. Bacteroides Fragilis : Clinical Aspects - Answer (click here)

Diseases Neisseria

  1. Neisseria: General Features - Answer (click here)
  2. Neisseria Meningitidis - Bacteriology - Answer (click here)
  3. Meningo Coccal Disease - Answer (click here)
  4. Meningo Coccal Disease : Clinical Aspects - Answer (click here)
  5. Neisseria Gonorrhoeae - Bacteriology - Answer (click here)
  6. Gonorrhea - Answer (click here)
  7. Gonorrhea : Clinical Aspects - Answer (click here)

Diseases Enterobacteriaceae

  1. Enterobacteriaceae - Bacteriology - Answer (click here)
  2. Diseases Caused By Entero Bacteriaceae - Answer (click here)
  3. Entero Bacteriaceae : Clinical Aspects - Answer (click here)
  4. Escherichia Coli - Bacteriology - Answer (click here)
  5. Escherichia Coli Opportunistic Infections - Answer (click here)
  6. Escherichia Coli Intestinal Infections - Answer (click here)
  7. Enterotoxigenic E. Coli (ETEC) - Answer (click here)
  8. Enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) - Answer (click here)
  9. Enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) - Answer (click here)
  10. Escherichia Coli Infections : Clinical Aspects - Answer (click here)
  11. Shigella - Bacteriology - Answer (click here)
  12. Shigellosis - Answer (click here)
  13. Shigellosis : Clinical Aspects - Answer (click here)
  14. Salmonella - Bacteriology - Answer (click here)
  15. Salmonella Gastroenteritis ( S. enterica) - Answer (click here)
  16. Enteric ( Typhoid ) Fever ( Salmonella sero type Typhi ) - Answer (click here)
  17. Salmonellosis : Clinical Aspects - Answer (click here)
  18. Yersinia - Bacteriology - Answer (click here)
  19. Yersinia Diseases(Y. pseudotuberculosisand Y. enterocolitica) - Answer (click here)
  20. Yersinia Infections : Clinical Aspects - Answer (click here)
  21. Klebsiella - Enterobacteriaceae - Answer (click here)
  22. Enterobacter - Enterobacteriaceae - Answer (click here)
  23. Serratia - Enterobacteriaceae - Answer (click here)
  24. Citrobacter - Enterobacteriaceae - Answer (click here)
  25. Proteus, Providencia, And Morganella - Enterobacteriaceae - Answer (click here)

Diseases Vibrio Campylobacter and Helicobacter

  1. Vibrio - Answer (click here)
  2. Vibrio cholerae - Bacteriology - Answer (click here)
  3. Cholera - Bacteriology - Answer (click here)
  4. Cholera : Clinical Aspects - Answer (click here)
  5. Campylobacter - Answer (click here)
  6. Bacteriology : Campylobacter jejuni - Answer (click here)
  7. Campylo Bacter Enteritis - Answer (click here)
  8. Campylobacterosis : Clinical Aspects - Answer (click here)
  9. Helicobacter - Answer (click here)
  10. Bacteriology : Helicobacter pylori - Answer (click here)
  11. Helicobacter Gastritis - Answer (click here)
  12. Helicobacter Disease: Clinical Aspects - Answer (click here)

Diseases Pseudomonas and Other Opportunistic Gram negative Bacilli

  1. Pseudomonas - Answer (click here)
  2. Pseudomonas aeruginosa - Bacteriology - Answer (click here)
  3. Pseudomonas aeruginosa Disease - Answer (click here)
  4. Pseudomonas aeruginosa Disease: Clinical Aspects - Answer (click here)
  5. Burkholderia - Answer (click here)
  6. Acinetobacter - Answer (click here)
  7. Moraxella - Answer (click here)
  8. Aeromonas And Plesiomonas - Answer (click here)
  9. Other Gram-Negative Rods - Answer (click here)

Diseases Haemophilus and Bordetella

  1. Haemophilus - Answer (click here)
  2. Haemophilus influenza - Bacteriology - Answer (click here)
  3. Haemophilus influenza Disease - Answer (click here)
  4. Haemophilus influenza Disease : Clinical Aspects - Answer (click here)
  5. Haemophilus ducreyi - Answer (click here)
  6. Bordetella - Answer (click here)
  7. Bordetella Pertussis - Bacteriology - Answer (click here)
  8. Pertussis (Whooping Cough) - Answer (click here)
  9. Pertussis : Clinical Aspects - Answer (click here)

Diseases Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma

  1. Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma - Microbiology - Answer (click here)
  2. Mycoplasmal Pneumonia - Mycoplasma Pneumoniae - Answer (click here)
  3. Mycoplasmal Pneumonia : Clinical Aspects - Answer (click here)
  4. Mycoplasma Hominis - Answer (click here)
  5. Ureaplasma Urealyticum - Answer (click here)

Diseases Legionella

  1. Legionella - Bacteriology - Answer (click here)
  2. Legionellosis - Answer (click here)
  3. Legionellosis : Clinical Aspects - Answer (click here)

Diseases Spirochetes

  1. Spirochetes - Bacteriology - Answer (click here)
  2. Spirochetal Diseases - Answer (click here)
  3. Treponema Pallidum - Answer (click here)
  4. Syphilis - Answer (click here)
  5. Syphilis : Clinical Aspects - Answer (click here)
  6. Leptospira Interrogans - Bacteriology - Answer (click here)
  7. Leptospirosis - Answer (click here)
  8. Leptospirosis : Clinical Aspects - Answer (click here)
  9. Borrelia - Bacteriology - Answer (click here)
  10. Relapsing Fever - Answer (click here)
  11. Relapsing Fever : Clinical Aspects - Answer (click here)
  12. Borrelia Burgdorferi - Bacteriology - Answer (click here)
  13. Lyme Disease - Answer (click here)
  14. Lyme Disease : Clinical Aspects - Answer (click here)

Diseases Mycobacteria

  1. Mycobacterium - Bacteriology - Answer (click here)
  2. Mycobacterial Disease - Answer (click here)
  3. Mycobacterium Tuberculosis - Bacteriology - Answer (click here)
  4. Tuberculosis - Answer (click here)
  5. Tuberculosis : Clinical Aspects - Answer (click here)
  6. Tuberculosis : Epidemiology - Answer (click here)
  7. Tuberculosis : Pathogenesis - Answer (click here)
  8. Tuberculosis : Immunity - Answer (click here)
  9. Tuberculosis : Diagnosis - Answer (click here)
  10. Tuberculosis: Treatment - Answer (click here)
  11. Tuberculosis: Prevention - Answer (click here)
  12. Mycobacterium Leprae - Bacteriology - Answer (click here)
  13. Leprosy - Answer (click here)
  14. Leprosy : Clinical Aspects - Answer (click here)
  15. Mycobacteria Causing Tuberculosis-Like Diseases - Answer (click here)
  16. Mycobacterial Soft Tissue Infections - Answer (click here)

Diseases Actinomyces and Nocardia

  1. Actinomyces - Bacteriology - Answer (click here)
  2. Actinomycosis - Answer (click here)
  3. Actinomycosis : Clinical Aspects - Answer (click here)
  4. Nocardia - Bacteriology - Answer (click here)
  5. Nocardiosis - Answer (click here)
  6. Nocardiosis : Clinical Aspects - Answer (click here)
  7. Rhodococcus - Answer (click here)

Diseases Chlamydia

  1. Chlamydia Trachomatis - Bacteriology - Answer (click here)
  2. Chlamydia trachomatis Diseases - Answer (click here)
  3. Chlamydiatrachomatis : Clinical Aspects - Answer (click here)
  4. Chlamydia Psittaci - Answer (click here)
  5. Chlamydia Pneumoniae - Answer (click here)

Diseases Rickettsia Coxiella Ehrlichia and Bartonella

  1. Rickettsia - Bacteriology - Answer (click here)
  2. Rickettsial Disease - Answer (click here)
  3. Rickettsial Disease : Clinical Aspects - Answer (click here)
  4. Coxiella - Bacteriology - Answer (click here)
  5. Coxiella Infection : Q Fever - Answer (click here)
  6. Q Fever : Clinical Aspects - Answer (click here)
  7. Ehrlichia - Answer (click here)
  8. Bartonella - Answer (click here)

Diseases Plague and Other Bacterial Zoonotic Diseases

  1. Brucella - Bacteriology - Answer (click here)
  2. Brucellosis - Answer (click here)
  3. Brucellosis : Clinical Aspects - Answer (click here)
  4. Yersinia Pestis - Bacteriology - Answer (click here)
  5. Plague - Answer (click here)
  6. Plague : Clinical Aspects - Answer (click here)
  7. Francisella - Bacteriology - Answer (click here)
  8. Tularemia - Answer (click here)
  9. Tularemia : Clinical Aspects - Answer (click here)
  10. Pasteurella Multocida - Answer (click here)

Diseases Influenza Respiratory Syncytial Virus Adenovirus and Other Respiratory Viruses

  1. Influenza Virus Group Characteristics - Answer (click here)
  2. Influenza A - Answer (click here)
  3. Influenza - Answer (click here)
  4. Influenza : Clinical Aspects - Answer (click here)
  5. Respiratory Syncytial Virus - Virology - Answer (click here)
  6. Respiratory Syncytial Virus Disease - Answer (click here)
  7. Respiratory Syncytial Virus Disease : Clinical Aspects - Answer (click here)
  8. Parainfluenza Viruses - Virology - Answer (click here)
  9. Parainfluenza Disease - Answer (click here)
  10. Parainfluenza Disease : Clinical Aspects - Answer (click here)
  11. Adenoviruses - Virology - Answer (click here)
  12. Adenovirus Disease - Answer (click here)
  13. Adenovirus Disease : Clinical Aspects - Answer (click here)
  14. Rhinoviruses - Virology - Answer (click here)
  15. Rhinovirus Disease - Answer (click here)
  16. Rhinovirus Disease : Treatment And Prevention - Answer (click here)
  17. Coronaviruses - Answer (click here)
  18. Reoviruses - Answer (click here)

Diseases Mumps Virus Measles Rubella and Other Childhood Exanthems

  1. Mumps - Virology - Answer (click here)
  2. Mumps Infection - Answer (click here)
  3. Mumps : Clinical Aspects - Answer (click here)
  4. Measles - Virology - Answer (click here)
  5. Measles Infection - Answer (click here)
  6. Measles : Clinical Aspects - Answer (click here)
  7. Rubella - Virology - Answer (click here)
  8. Rubella Infection - Answer (click here)
  9. Rubella : Clinical Aspects - Answer (click here)
  10. Parvovirus B19 Infections - Answer (click here)
  11. Roseola Infantum (Exanthem Subitum) - Answer (click here)

Diseases Poxviruses

  1. Poxviruses: Group Characteristics - Answer (click here)
  2. Variola (Smallpox) - Answer (click here)
  3. Smallpox :Clinical Aspects - Answer (click here)
  4. Vaccinia virus - Answer (click here)
  5. Molluscum Contagiosum virus - Answer (click here)
  6. Orf - Answer (click here)
  7. Milker’s Nodules and Cowpox - Answer (click here)

Diseases Enteroviruses

  1. Enteroviruses: Group Characteristics - Virology - Answer (click here)
  2. Entero Virus Disease - Answer (click here)
  3. Entero Viruses: Clinical Aspects - Answer (click here)
  4. Polio - Answer (click here)
  5. Polio : Clinical Aspects - Answer (click here)
  6. Coxsackieviruses and Echoviruses - Answer (click here)

Diseases Hepatitis Viruses

  1. Hepatitis A - Virology - Answer (click here)
  2. Hepatitis A Disease - Answer (click here)
  3. Hepatitis A Disease : Clinical Aspects - Answer (click here)
  4. Hepatitis B - Virology - Answer (click here)
  5. Hepatitis B Disease - Answer (click here)
  6. Hepatitis B Disease : Clinical Aspects - Answer (click here)
  7. Delta Hepatitis (Hepatitis D) - Virology - Answer (click here)
  8. Delta Hepatitis Disease : Clinical Aspects - Answer (click here)
  9. Hepatitis C - Virology - Answer (click here)
  10. Hepatitis C Disease - Answer (click here)
  11. Hepatitis C Disease : Clinical Aspects - Answer (click here)
  12. Hepatitis E - Answer (click here)
  13. Hepatitis G - Answer (click here)

Diseases Herpesviruses

  1. Herpesviruses - Virology - Answer (click here)
  2. Herpes Simplex Virus - Virology - Answer (click here)
  3. Herpes Simplex Disease - Answer (click here)
  4. Herpes Simplex : Clinical Aspects - Answer (click here)
  5. Varicella-Zoster Virus - Virology - Answer (click here)
  6. Varicella - Zoster Disease - Answer (click here)
  7. Varicella - Zoster Disease : Clinical Aspects - Answer (click here)
  8. Cytomegalovirus - Virology - Answer (click here)
  9. Cytomegalo Virus Disease - Answer (click here)
  10. Cytomegalo Virus : Clinical Aspects - Answer (click here)
  11. Epstein-Barr Virus - Virology - Answer (click here)
  12. Epstein – Barr Virus Disease - Answer (click here)
  13. Epstein - Barr Virus : Clinical Aspects - Answer (click here)
  14. Human Herpesvirus-6 - Answer (click here)
  15. Human Herpesvirus-7 - Answer (click here)
  16. Human Herpesvirus-8 - Answer (click here)

Diseases Viruses of Diarrhea

  1. Viruses of Diarrhea: General Features - Answer (click here)
  2. Rotaviruses - Virology - Answer (click here)
  3. Human Rota Viru Infections - Answer (click here)
  4. Rota Virus Infections : Clinical Aspects - Answer (click here)
  5. Caliciviruses - Virology - Answer (click here)
  6. Calici Virus Infections - Answer (click here)
  7. Calici Virus Infections :Clinical Aspects - Answer (click here)
  8. Adenoviruses, Astroviruses, And “Candidate” Viruses - Answer (click here)

Diseases Arthropod Borne and Other Zoonotic Viruses

  1. Arthropod-Borne and Other Zoonotic Viruses - Answer (click here)
  2. Arbo Virus Disease - Answer (click here)
  3. Arbovirus Disease: Specific Arboviruses - Answer (click here)
  4. Arbo Virus Disease : Clinical Aspects - Answer (click here)
  5. Arenaviruses - Answer (click here)
  6. Filoviruses: Marburg and Ebola Viruses - Answer (click here)
  7. Hantaviruses - Answer (click here)
  8. Vesicular Stomatitis Virus - Answer (click here)

Diseases Rabies

  1. Rabies - Answer (click here)
  2. Rabies : Clinical Aspects - Answer (click here)

Diseases Retroviruses Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome

  1. Retroviruses - Virology - Answer (click here)
  2. Retroviral Genes - Answer (click here)
  3. Transformation by Retroviruses - Answer (click here)
  4. Roles of HIV-1 Regulatory and Accessory Proteins - Answer (click here)
  5. Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome ( AIDS ) - Answer (click here)
  6. Epidemiology - Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome ( AIDS ) - Answer (click here)
  7. Pathogenesis - Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome ( AIDS ) - Answer (click here)
  8. Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) :Clinical Aspects - Answer (click here)
  9. Manifestations - Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) - Answer (click here)
  10. Diagnosis - Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) - Answer (click here)
  11. Treatment and Prevention - Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) - Answer (click here)

Diseases Papovaviruses

  1. Papillomaviruses - Virology - Answer (click here)
  2. Papilloma Virus Disease - Answer (click here)
  3. Papilloma Virus :Clinical Aspects - Answer (click here)
  4. Polyomaviruses - Virology - Answer (click here)
  5. Polyoma Virus Disease - Answer (click here)
  6. Polyoma Viruses : Clinical Aspects - Answer (click here)

Diseases Persistent Viral Infections of the Central Nervous System

  1. Diseases Associated With Conventional Agents - Answer (click here)

Diseases Papovaviruses

  1. Human Diseases Caused By Unconventional Viral Agents: Subacute Spongiform Encephalopathies - Answer (click here)

Diseases Characteristics of Fungi

  1. General Nature of Fungi - Answer (click here)
  2. Fungal Morphology and Growth - Answer (click here)

Diseases Pathogenesis Immunity and Chemotherapy of Fungal Infections

  1. General Aspects of Fungal Disease - Answer (click here)
  2. Antifungal Chemotherapy - Answer (click here)
  3. Antifungal Antimicrobics that Affect Membrane Sterols - Answer (click here)
  4. Antifungals that Affect Nucleic Acid Synthesis - Answer (click here)
  5. Antifungals that Affect Cell Wall Synthesis - Answer (click here)
  6. Resistance to Antifungal Agents - Answer (click here)

Diseases Dermatophytes Sporothrix and Other Superficial and Subcutaneous Fungi

  1. Dermatophytes - Mycology - Answer (click here)
  2. Dermatophyte Disease - Answer (click here)
  3. Dermatophytoses : Clinical Aspects - Answer (click here)
  4. Other Superficial Mycoses - Answer (click here)
  5. Subcutaneous Fungi - Answer (click here)
  6. Sporothrix schenckii - Answer (click here)
  7. Sporotrichosis - Answer (click here)
  8. Sporotrichosis : Clinical Aspects - Answer (click here)
  9. Chromoblastomycosis - Answer (click here)
  10. Mycetoma - Answer (click here)

Diseases Candida Aspergillus and Other Opportunistic Fungi

  1. Candida: General Characteristics - Answer (click here)
  2. Candida albicans - Mycology - Answer (click here)
  3. Candidiasis - Answer (click here)
  4. Candidiasis : Clinical Aspects - Answer (click here)
  5. Aspergillus - Mycology - Answer (click here)
  6. Aspergillosis - Answer (click here)
  7. Aspergillosis : Clinical Aspects - Answer (click here)
  8. Zygomycetes and Zygomycosis - Answer (click here)

Diseases Cryptococcus Histoplasma Coccidioides and Other Systemic Fungal Pathogens

  1. Cryptococcus neoformans - Answer (click here)
  2. Cryptococcosis - Answer (click here)
  3. Cryptococcosis : Clinical Aspects - Answer (click here)
  4. Histoplasma capsulatum - Answer (click here)
  5. Histoplasmosis - Answer (click here)
  6. Histoplasmosis: Clinical Aspects - Answer (click here)
  7. Blastomyces dermatitidis - Answer (click here)
  8. Blastomycosis - Answer (click here)
  9. Blastomycosis : Clinical Aspects - Answer (click here)
  10. Coccidioides immitis - Answer (click here)
  11. Cocci Dioidomycosis - Answer (click here)
  12. Cocci Dioido Mycosis : Clinical Aspects - Answer (click here)
  13. Paracoccidioides Brasiliensis - Answer (click here)

Diseases Pneumocystis carinii

  1. Pneumocystis carinii - Answer (click here)
  2. Pneumocystosis - Answer (click here)
  3. Pneumocystosis : Clinical Aspects - Answer (click here)

Diseases Introduction to Pathogenic Parasites Pathogenesis and Chemotherapy of Parasitic Diseases

  1. Parasitic Diseases: Definition - Answer (click here)
  2. Significance of Human Parasitic Infections - Answer (click here)
  3. Biology, Morphology, and Classification - Answer (click here)
  4. Parasites: Life Cycles, Transmission, and Distribution - Answer (click here)
  5. Parasites: Immunity - Answer (click here)
  6. Parasites: Pathogenesis - Answer (click here)
  7. Parasites: Diagnosis - Answer (click here)
  8. Parasites: Chemotherapy - Answer (click here)
  9. Drugs - Parasites Chemotherapy - Answer (click here)
  10. Heavy Metals - Parasites Chemotherapy Drugs - Answer (click here)
  11. Antimalarial Quinolines - Parasites Chemotherapy Drugs - Answer (click here)
  12. Quinones - Parasites Chemotherapy Drugs - Answer (click here)
  13. Folate Antagonists - Parasites Chemotherapy Drugs - Answer (click here)
  14. Qinghaosu (Artemisinin) - Answer (click here)
  15. Nitroimidazoles - Parasites Chemotherapy Drugs - Answer (click here)
  16. Benzimidazoles - Parasites Chemotherapy Drugs - Answer (click here)
  17. Avermectins - Parasites Chemotherapy Drugs - Answer (click here)
  18. Praziquantel - Parasites Chemotherapy Drugs - Answer (click here)
  19. Eflornithine (Difluoromethylornithine) - Parasites Chemotherapy Drugs - Answer (click here)
  20. Control of diseases spread - Parasites - Answer (click here)

Diseases Sporozoa

  1. Plasmodia - Parasitology - Answer (click here)
  2. Malaria - Answer (click here)
  3. Epidemiology - Malaria - Answer (click here)
  4. Pathogenesis - Malaria - Answer (click here)
  5. Immunity - Malaria - Answer (click here)
  6. Malaria : Clinical Aspects - Answer (click here)
  7. Manifestations - Malaria - Answer (click here)
  8. Diagnosis - Malaria - Answer (click here)
  9. Treatment - Malaria - Answer (click here)
  10. Prevention - Malaria - Answer (click here)
  11. Toxoplasma Gondii - Parasitology - Answer (click here)
  12. Toxoplasmosis - Answer (click here)
  13. Toxoplasmosis : Clinical Aspects - Answer (click here)
  14. Cryptosporidia - Parasitology - Answer (click here)
  15. Cryptosporidiosis - Answer (click here)
  16. Cryptosporidiosis : Clinical Aspects - Answer (click here)

Diseases Rhizopods

  1. Rhizopods or Amebas - Answer (click here)
  2. Entamoeba Histolytica - Parasitology - Answer (click here)
  3. Amebiasis - Answer (click here)
  4. Amebiasis : Clinical Aspects - Answer (click here)
  5. Amebic Meningoencephalitis - Answer (click here)

Diseases Flagellates

  1. Noninvasive Luminal Flagellates - Answer (click here)
  2. Trichomonas vaginalis - Parasitology - Answer (click here)
  3. Trichomoniasis - Answer (click here)
  4. Trichomoniasis : Clinical Aspects - Answer (click here)
  5. Giardia lamblia - Parasitology - Answer (click here)
  6. Giardiasis - Answer (click here)
  7. Giardiasis : Clinical Aspects - Answer (click here)
  8. Blood and Tissue Flagellates - Answer (click here)
  9. Leishmania - Parasitology - Answer (click here)
  10. Localized Cutaneous Leish Maniasis - Answer (click here)
  11. Localized Cutaneous Leishmaniasis - Answer (click here)
  12. Mucocutaneous Leishmaniasis - Answer (click here)
  13. Disseminated Visceral Leishmaniasis ( Kala Azar ) - Answer (click here)
  14. African Trypanosoma - Parasitology - Answer (click here)
  15. African Trypan Osomiasis ( Sleeping Sickness ) - Answer (click here)
  16. African Trypanosomiasis ( Sleeping Sickness ) : Clinical Aspects - Answer (click here)
  17. American Trypanosoma - Parasitology - Answer (click here)
  18. American Trypanosomiasis(Chagas’ Disease ) - Answer (click here)
  19. American Trypanosomiasis ( Chagas’ Disease) :Clinical Aspects - Answer (click here)

Diseases Intestinal Nematodes

  1. Intestinal Nematodes - Answer (click here)
  2. Life Cycles - Intestinal Nematodes - Answer (click here)
  3. Enterobius vermicularis ( Pinworm ) : Parasitology - Answer (click here)
  4. Enterobiasis - Answer (click here)
  5. Enterobiasis : Clinical Aspects - Answer (click here)
  6. Trichuris trichiura ( Whipworm ) : Parasitology - Answer (click here)
  7. Trichuriasis - Answer (click here)
  8. Trichuriasis : Clinical Aspects - Answer (click here)
  9. Ascaris lumbricoides : Parasitology - Answer (click here)
  10. Ascariasis - Answer (click here)
  11. Ascariasis : Clinical Aspects - Answer (click here)
  12. Ancylostoma and Necator :Parasitology - Hookworms - Answer (click here)
  13. HookWorm Disease - Answer (click here)
  14. Hookworm Disease : Clinical Aspects - Answer (click here)
  15. Strongyloides stercoralis : Parasitology - Answer (click here)
  16. Strongyloidiasis - Answer (click here)
  17. Strongyloidiasis : Clinical Aspects - Answer (click here)

Diseases Tissue Nematodes

  1. Toxocara canis : Parasitology - Answer (click here)
  2. Toxocariasis - Answer (click here)
  3. Toxocariasis : Clinical Aspects - Answer (click here)
  4. Trichinella spiralis : Parasitology - Answer (click here)
  5. Trichinosis - Answer (click here)
  6. Trichinosis : Clinical Aspects - Answer (click here)
  7. Cutaneous Larva Migrans - Answer (click here)
  8. Lymphatic Filaria - Answer (click here)
  9. Wuchereria and Brugia : Parasitology - Answer (click here)
  10. Lymphatic Filariasis - Answer (click here)
  11. Lymphatic Filariasis : Clinical Aspects - Answer (click here)
  12. Onchocerca volvulus : Parasitology - Answer (click here)
  13. Onchocerciasis - Answer (click here)
  14. Onchocerciasis : Clinical Aspects - Answer (click here)
  15. Loa Loa - Answer (click here)

Diseases Cestodes

  1. Cestodes - Parasitology - Answer (click here)
  2. Cestodes Clinical Disease - Answer (click here)
  3. Taenia saginata Beef Tapeworm : Parasitology - Answer (click here)
  4. Beef Tapeworm Disease - Answer (click here)
  5. Beef Tape Worm Disease : Clinical Aspects - Answer (click here)
  6. Taenia solium : Parasitology - Answer (click here)
  7. Pork Tape Worm Disease : Clinical Aspects - Answer (click here)
  8. Fish Tapeworm: Diphyllobothrium latum : Parasitology - Answer (click here)
  9. Fish Tape Worm Disease - Answer (click here)
  10. Fish Tape Worm Disease : Clinical Aspects - Answer (click here)
  11. Echinococcus granulosus - Parasitology - Answer (click here)
  12. Echino Coccosis - Answer (click here)
  13. Echino Coccosis : Clinical Aspects - Answer (click here)
  14. Echinococcus multilocularis - Answer (click here)

Diseases Trematodes

  1. Trematodes - Answer (click here)
  2. Paragonimus Species : Parasitology - Answer (click here)
  3. Paragonimiasis ( Lung Fluke Infection ) : Clinical Aspects - Answer (click here)
  4. Clonorchis sinensis : Parasitology - Answer (click here)
  5. Clonorchiasis ( Liver Fluke Infection ) - Answer (click here)
  6. Schistosoma Species : Parasitology - Answer (click here)
  7. Schistosomiasis( Blood Fluke Infection ) - Answer (click here)
  8. Schistosomiasis ( Blood Fluke Infection ) : Clinical Aspects - Answer (click here)

Diseases Skin and Wound Infections

  1. Skin Infections - Answer (click here)
  2. Wound Infections - Answer (click here)
  3. Etiologic Agents - Answer (click here)

Diseases Bone and Joint Infections

  1. Osteomyelitis - Answer (click here)
  2. Septic Arthritis - Answer (click here)

Diseases Eye Ear and Sinus Infections

  1. Eye Infections - Answer (click here)
  2. Ear Infections - Answer (click here)
  3. Sinus Infections - Answer (click here)

Diseases Dental and Periodontal Infections

  1. Dental and Periodontal Infections - Answer (click here)
  2. Dental Plaque - Answer (click here)
  3. Dental Caries - Answer (click here)
  4. Chronic Periodontitis - Answer (click here)
  5. Necrotizing Periodontal Diseases - Answer (click here)
  6. Dental Plaque and Oral Flora in the Compromised Patient - Answer (click here)

Diseases Upper Respiratory Tract Infections and Stomatitis

  1. Upper Respiratory Tract Infections and Stomatitis - Answer (click here)
  2. Clinical Features - Upper Respiratory Tract Infections and Stomatitis - Answer (click here)
  3. Common Etiologic Agents - Upper Respiratory Tract Infections and Stomatitis - Answer (click here)
  4. General Diagnostic Approaches - Answer (click here)
  5. General Principles of Management - Upper Respiratory Tract Infections and Stomatitis - Answer (click here)

Diseases Middle and Lower Respiratory Tract Infections

  1. Middle Respiratory Tract Infection - Answer (click here)
  2. Lower Respiratory Tract Infection - Answer (click here)

Diseases Enteric Infections and Food Poisoning

  1. Clinical Features - Enteric Infections and Food Poisoning - Answer (click here)
  2. Common Etiologic Agents - Enteric Infections and Food Poisoning - Answer (click here)
  3. Epidemiologic Setting - Enteric Infections and Food Poisoning - Answer (click here)
  4. General Diagnostic Approaches - Enteric Infections and Food Poisoning - Answer (click here)
  5. General Principles of Management - Enteric Infections and Food Poisoning - Answer (click here)

Diseases Urinary Tract Infections

  1. Epidemiology, Pathogenesis - Urinary Tract Infections - Answer (click here)
  2. Etiologic Agents - Urinary Tract Infections - Answer (click here)
  3. Manifestations - Urinary Tract Infections - Answer (click here)
  4. Diagnosis - Urinary Tract Infections - Answer (click here)
  5. Treatment and Prevention - Urinary Tract Infections - Answer (click here)

Diseases Central Nervous System Infections

  1. Central Nervous System Infections - Answer (click here)
  2. Routes of Infection - Central Nervous System Infections - Answer (click here)
  3. Clinical Features - Central Nervous System Infections - Answer (click here)
  4. Common Etiologic Agents - Central Nervous System Infections - Answer (click here)
  5. General Diagnostic Approaches - Central Nervous System Infections - Answer (click here)
  6. General Principles of Management - Central Nervous System Infections - Answer (click here)

Diseases Intravascular Infections Bacteremia and Endotoxemia

  1. Intravascular Infection - Answer (click here)
  2. Bacteremia From Extravascular Infection - Answer (click here)
  3. Sepsis and Septic Shock - Answer (click here)
  4. Blood Culture - Answer (click here)

Diseases Infections of the Fetus and Newborn

  1. Infections of the Fetus and Newborn - Answer (click here)
  2. Common Etiologic Agents - Infections of the Fetus and Newborn - Answer (click here)
  3. Effect of Prenatal Infection on Pregnancy and Intrauterine Development - Answer (click here)
  4. Clinical Features, Diagnosis, And Management - Infections of the Fetus and Newborn - Answer (click here)
  5. Torch Complex - Infections of the Fetus and Newborn - Answer (click here)

Diseases Sexually Transmitted Diseases

  1. Sexually Transmitted Diseases - Answer (click here)
  2. Genital Ulcers - Sexually Transmitted Diseases - Answer (click here)
  3. Genital Warts - Sexually Transmitted Diseases - Answer (click here)
  4. Urethritis - Sexually Transmitted Diseases - Answer (click here)
  5. Epididymitis - Sexually Transmitted Diseases - Answer (click here)
  6. Cervicitis - Sexually Transmitted Diseases - Answer (click here)
  7. Vaginitis and Vaginal Discharge - Answer (click here)
  8. Pelvic Inflammatory Disease - Sexually Transmitted Diseases - Answer (click here)
  9. Lymphadenitis - Sexually Transmitted Diseases - Answer (click here)

Diseases Infections in the Immunocompromised Patient

  1. Infections in the Immunocompromised Patient - Answer (click here)
  2. Immune Deficits Associated With Infection - Answer (click here)
  3. Clinical Situations Associated With Infection - Answer (click here)
  4. Diagnosis and Treatment - Infections in the Immunocompromised Patient - Answer (click here)

Diseases Nosocomial Infections and Infection Control

  1. History: Semmelweis and Childbed Fever - Answer (click here)
  2. Nosocomial Infections and Their Sources - Answer (click here)
  3. Nosocomial Infection Control and Prevention - Answer (click here)
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