Saturday, 5 May 2018

Aquaculture and Fishes (M.Sc, B.Sc) Lecture Notes, Study Materials and Importants questions answers


Aquaculture and Fishes (M.Sc, B.Sc) 
Lecture Notes, Study Materials and Importants questions answers



Aquaculture Engineering - (Click Here) 
Aquaculture Principles and Practices - (Click Here) 
Health Management in Aquaculture - (Click Here) 
The Diversity of Fishes: Biology Evolution and Ecology - (Click Here) 


Subject : Aquaculture Engineering

Introduction

  1. Aquaculture engineering - Answer (click here)
  2. Classification of aquaculture - Answer (click here)
  3. The farm: technical components in a Aquaculture system - Answer (click here)
  4. Future trends: increased importance of aquaculture engineering - Answer (click here)

Water Transport

  1. Water Transport in Aquaculture - Answer (click here)
  2. Pipes: materials, Classification, Pressure class - Answer (click here)
  3. Valves - Pipe and pipe parts - Answer (click here)
  4. Pipe parts - fittings - Answer (click here)
  5. Pipe connections - jointing - Answer (click here)
  6. Mooring of pipes - Answer (click here)
  7. Ditches for pipes - Answer (click here)
  8. Water flow in channels and pipe systems - Answer (click here)
  9. Head loss in pipelines - Answer (click here)
  10. Head loss in single parts (fittings) - Answer (click here)
  11. Pumps - Answer (click here)
  12. Types of pump - Answer (click here)
  13. Pump height, Cavitation and Net positive suction head (NPSH) - Answer (click here)
  14. Pumping of water requires energy - Answer (click here)
  15. Centrifugal and propeller pumps - Answer (click here)
  16. Pump performance curves and working point for centrifugal pumps - Answer (click here)
  17. Change of water flow or pressure - Answer (click here)
  18. Regulation of flow from selected pumps - Answer (click here)

Water Quality and Water Treatment an Introduction

  1. Increased focus on water quality - Answer (click here)
  2. Inlet water - Answer (click here)
  3. Outlet water - Answer (click here)
  4. Water treatment in Aquaculture - Answer (click here)

Adjustment of pH

  1. Adjustment of pH - Aquaculture Engineering - Answer (click here)
  2. Problems with low pH - Aquaculture Engineering - Answer (click here)
  3. pH of different water sources - Aquaculture Engineering - Answer (click here)
  4. pH adjustment - Aquaculture Engineering - Answer (click here)
  5. Examples of methods for pH adjustment: Lime, Seawater, Lye or hydroxides - Aquaculture Engineering - Answer (click here)

Removal of Particles

  1. Removal of Particles - Aquaculture Engineering - Answer (click here)
  2. Characterization of the water - Aquaculture Engineering - Answer (click here)
  3. Methods for particle removal in fish farming - Answer (click here)
  4. Mechanical filters and micro screens - Methods for particle removal in fish farming - Answer (click here)
  5. Depth filtration granular medium filters - Methods for particle removal in fish farming - Answer (click here)
  6. Settling or gravity filters - Methods for particle removal in fish farming - Answer (click here)
  7. Integrated treatment systems - Methods for particle removal in fish farming - Answer (click here)
  8. Hydraulic loads on filter units - Aquaculture Engineering - Answer (click here)
  9. Purification efficiency - Aquaculture Engineering - Answer (click here)
  10. Dual drain tank - Aquaculture Engineering - Answer (click here)
  11. Sludge production and utilization - Aquaculture Engineering - Answer (click here)
  12. Local ecological solutions - Aquaculture Engineering - Answer (click here)

Disinfection

  1. Disinfection - Aquaculture Engineering - Answer (click here)
  2. Basis of disinfection - Aquaculture Engineering - Answer (click here)
  3. Chick’s law and Watson’s law - law for disinfection - Answer (click here)
  4. Ultraviolet light - Disinfection in Aquaculture Engineering - Answer (click here)
  5. Ozone - Disinfection in Aquaculture Engineering - Answer (click here)
  6. Photozone - Disinfection methods in Aquaculture Engineering - Answer (click here)
  7. Heat treatment - Disinfection methods in Aquaculture Engineering - Answer (click here)
  8. Chlorine - Disinfection methods in Aquaculture Engineering - Answer (click here)
  9. Changing the pH - Disinfection methods in Aquaculture Engineering - Answer (click here)
  10. Natural methods: ground filtration or constructed wetland - Disinfection methods in Aquaculture Engineering - Answer (click here)

Heating and Cooling

  1. Heating and Cooling - Aquaculture Engineering - Answer (click here)
  2. Heating requires energy - Aquaculture Engineering - Answer (click here)
  3. Methods for heating water - Aquaculture Engineering - Answer (click here)
  4. Immersion heaters - Aquaculture Engineering - Answer (click here)
  5. Oil and gas burners heaters - Aquaculture Engineering - Answer (click here)
  6. Why use heat exchangers? - Aquaculture Engineering - Answer (click here)
  7. How is the heat transferred ? - Aquaculture Engineering - Answer (click here)
  8. Factors affecting heat transfer - Aquaculture Engineering - Answer (click here)
  9. Important parameters when calculating the size of heat exchangers - Aquaculture Engineering - Answer (click here)
  10. Types of heat exchanger - Answer (click here)
  11. Flow pattern in heat exchangers - Answer (click here)
  12. Materials in heat exchangers - Answer (click here)
  13. Fouling - Aquaculture Engineering - Answer (click here)
  14. Why use heat pumps? - Aquaculture Engineering - Answer (click here)
  15. Construction and function of a heat pump - Answer (click here)
  16. Log pressure–enthalpy (p-H) in heat pump - Answer (click here)
  17. Coefficient of performance in heat pump - Answer (click here)
  18. Installations of heat pumps - Aquaculture Engineering - Answer (click here)
  19. Management and maintenance of heat pumps - Aquaculture Engineering - Answer (click here)
  20. Composite heating systems - Aquaculture Engineering - Answer (click here)
  21. Chilling of water - Aquaculture Engineering - Answer (click here)

Aeration and Oxygenation

  1. Aeration and Oxygenation - Aquaculture Engineering - Answer (click here)
  2. Gases in water - Answer (click here)
  3. Gas theory Aeration: Equilibrium, Gas transfer - Answer (click here)
  4. Design and construction of aerators: Basic principles, Evaluation criteria - Answer (click here)
  5. Example of designs for different types of aerator: Gravity, Surface, Subsurface aerators - Answer (click here)
  6. Oxygenation of water - Answer (click here)
  7. Theory of oxygenation - Answer (click here)
  8. Design and construction of oxygen injection systems - Answer (click here)
  9. Evaluation of methods for injecting oxygen gas - Answer (click here)
  10. Examples of oxygen injection system designs - Answer (click here)
  11. Oxygen gas characteristics - Answer (click here)
  12. Sources of oxygen - Answer (click here)

Ammonia Removal

  1. Ammonia Removal - Aquaculture Engineering - Answer (click here)
  2. Biological removal of ammonium ion - Answer (click here)
  3. Nitrification - Answer (click here)
  4. Construction of nitrification filters - Answer (click here)
  5. Management of biological filters - Answer (click here)
  6. Example of biofilter design - Answer (click here)
  7. Denitrification - Answer (click here)
  8. Chemical removal of ammonia: Principle, Construction - Aquaculture Engineering - Answer (click here)

Recirculationand Water Re

  1. Recirculationand Water Re-use Systems - Answer (click here)
  2. Advantages and disadvantages of re-use systems in Aquaculture Engineering - Answer (click here)
  3. Definitions for re-use or recycling systems - Answer (click here)
  4. Degree of re-use - Answer (click here)
  5. Water exchange in relation to amount of fish - Answer (click here)
  6. Degree of purification - Answer (click here)
  7. Mass flow in the system - Theoretical models for construction of re-use systems - Answer (click here)
  8. Water requirements of Aquaculture re-use systems - Answer (click here)
  9. Connection between outlet concentration, degree of re-use and effectiveness of the water treatment system - Answer (click here)
  10. Components in a Aquaculture re-use system - Answer (click here)
  11. Design of a re-use system in Aquaculture - Answer (click here)

Production Units a Classification

  1. Production Units: a Classification - Aquaculture Engineering - Answer (click here)
  2. Classification of production units - Aquaculture Engineering - Answer (click here)
  3. Possibilities for controlling environmental impact - Aquaculture Engineering - Answer (click here)

Egg Storage and Hatching Equipment

  1. Introduction of Egg Storage and Hatching Equipment in Aquaculture Engineering - Answer (click here)
  2. Systems where the Fish eggs stay pelagic in Aquaculture Engineering - Answer (click here)
  3. The incubator - Aquaculture Engineering - Answer (click here)
  4. Systems where the Fish eggs lie on the bottom - Aquaculture - Answer (click here)
  5. Systems where the eggs lie in the same unit from spawning to fry ready for start feeding - Answer (click here)
  6. Systems where the eggs must be removed before hatching - Answer (click here)
  7. System where storing, hatching and firs feeding are carried out in the same unit - Answer (click here)

Tanks Basins and Other Closed Production Units

  1. Introduction of Tanks, Basins and Other Closed Production Units - Aquaculture Engineering - Answer (click here)
  2. Types of closed production units - Aquaculture Engineering - Answer (click here)
  3. How much water should be supplied? - Aquaculture Engineering - Answer (click here)
  4. Water exchange rate - Aquaculture Engineering - Answer (click here)
  5. Ideal or non-ideal mixing and water exchange - Answer (click here)
  6. Tank design - Aquaculture Engineering - Answer (click here)
  7. Flow pattern and self-cleaning - Aquaculture Engineering - Answer (click here)
  8. Water inlet design - Aquaculture Engineering - Answer (click here)
  9. Water outlet or drain - Aquaculture Engineering - Answer (click here)
  10. Dual drain - Aquaculture Engineering - Answer (click here)

Ponds

  1. Ponds: Introduction - Answer (click here)
  2. The ecosystem - Answer (click here)
  3. Different production ponds - Answer (click here)
  4. Pond types - Answer (click here)
  5. Construction principles of Pond - Aquaculture - Answer (click here)
  6. Drainable or non drainable Pond - Aquaculture - Answer (click here)
  7. Size and construction of Pond - Aquaculture - Answer (click here)
  8. Site selection for Aquaculture Pond - Answer (click here)
  9. Water supply for Aquaculture Pond - Answer (click here)
  10. The inlet of Aquaculture Pond - Answer (click here)
  11. The outlet - drainage for Aquaculture Pond - Answer (click here)
  12. Aquaculture Pond layout - Answer (click here)

Sea Cages

  1. Sea Cages - Answer (click here)
  2. Site selection - Aquaculture Sea Cages - Answer (click here)
  3. What creates waves? - Answer (click here)
  4. Waves - Environmental factors affecting a floating construction in Sea Cages - Answer (click here)
  5. Wind - Environmental factors affecting a floating construction in Sea Cages - Answer (click here)
  6. Wind, Oceani, Tidal Current - Environmental factors affecting a floating construction in Sea Cages - Answer (click here)
  7. Ice - Environmental factors affecting a floating construction in Sea Cages - Answer (click here)
  8. Construction of sea cages - Answer (click here)
  9. Examples of Sea cage constructions - Answer (click here)
  10. Cage collar or framework - Answer (click here)
  11. Mooring systems - Answer (click here)
  12. Design of the mooring system - Answer (click here)
  13. Description of the single components in a pre-stressed mooring system - Answer (click here)
  14. Fixing point - Mooring systems - Answer (click here)
  15. Mooring lines - Mooring systems - Answer (click here)
  16. Buoys - Mooring systems - Answer (click here)
  17. Anchors - Mooring systems - Answer (click here)
  18. Calculation of current, wave and wind forces on a sea cage farm - Answer (click here)
  19. Calculation of the size of the mooring system - Answer (click here)
  20. Calculation of sizes for mooring lines - Answer (click here)
  21. Control of mooring systems - Answer (click here)

Feeding Systems

  1. Why use automatic feeding systems in Aquaculture ? What can be automated? - Answer (click here)
  2. Selection of feeding system - Answer (click here)
  3. Feeding system requirements in Aquaculture Engineering - Answer (click here)
  4. Types of feeding equipment - Answer (click here)
  5. Feed blowers - feeding equipment in Aquaculture - Answer (click here)
  6. Feed dispensers - feeding equipment in Aquaculture - Answer (click here)
  7. Demand feeders - feeding equipment in Aquaculture - Answer (click here)
  8. Automatic feeders and its Types, components - feeding equipment in Aquaculture - Answer (click here)
  9. Central feeding system - feeding equipment in Aquaculture - Answer (click here)
  10. Feed control - Feeding Systems in Aquaculture - Answer (click here)
  11. Feed control systems - Feeding Systems in Aquaculture - Answer (click here)
  12. Dynamic feeding systems - Feeding Systems in Aquaculture - Answer (click here)

Internal Transport and Size Grading

  1. Internal Transport and Size Grading: Introduction - Aquaculture Engineering - Answer (click here)
  2. The importance of fish handling - Answer (click here)
  3. Why move the fish? - fish handling - Answer (click here)
  4. Why size grade in fish handling? - Answer (click here)
  5. Negative effects of handling the fish - Answer (click here)
  6. Moving fish with a supply of external energy - Methods and equipment for internal transport - Answer (click here)
  7. Methods for moving of fish without the need for external energy - Methods and equipment for internal transport - Answer (click here)
  8. Methods and equipment for size grading of fish - Answer (click here)

Transport of Live Fish

  1. Transport of Live Fish: Introduction - Answer (click here)
  2. Preparation for Transport of Live Fish - Answer (click here)
  3. Land Transport of Live Fish - Answer (click here)
  4. Sea transport of Live Fish - Answer (click here)
  5. Air transport of Live Fish - Answer (click here)
  6. Other transport methods of Live Fish - Answer (click here)
  7. Cleaning and re-use of water - Transport of Live Fish - Answer (click here)
  8. Use of additives - Transport of Live Fish - Answer (click here)

Instrumentation and Monitoring

  1. Instrumentation and Monitoring in Aquaculture - Answer (click here)
  2. Construction of measuring instruments - Answer (click here)
  3. Instruments for measuring water quality - Aquaculture Engineering - Answer (click here)
  4. Measuring temperature - Instruments for measuring water quality in Aquaculture - Answer (click here)
  5. Measuring oxygen content of the water in Aquaculture - Answer (click here)
  6. Measuring pH - Instruments for measuring water quality in Aquaculture - Answer (click here)
  7. Measuring conductivity and salinity - Instruments for measuring water quality in Aquaculture - Answer (click here)
  8. Measuring total gas pressure and nitrogen saturation - Instruments for measuring water quality in Aquaculture - Answer (click here)
  9. Instruments for measuring physical conditions - Aquaculture Engineering - Answer (click here)
  10. Equipment for counting fish, measuring fish size and estimation of total biomass - Answer (click here)
  11. Monitoring systems - Aquaculture Engineering - Answer (click here)

Buildings and Superstructures

  1. Why use buildings in Aquaculture Engineering? - Answer (click here)
  2. Types, shape and roof design of Buildings in Aquaculture Engineering - Answer (click here)
  3. Load carrying systems - Buildings and Superstructures in Aquaculture Engineering - Answer (click here)
  4. Materials - Buildings and Superstructures in Aquaculture Engineering - Answer (click here)
  5. Prefabricate or build on site? - Buildings and Superstructures in Aquaculture Engineering - Answer (click here)
  6. Insulated or not? - Buildings and Superstructures in Aquaculture Engineering - Answer (click here)
  7. Foundations and ground conditions - Buildings and Superstructures in Aquaculture Engineering - Answer (click here)
  8. Design of major parts - Buildings and Superstructures in Aquaculture Engineering - Answer (click here)
  9. Ventilation and climatization - Buildings and Superstructures in Aquaculture Engineering - Answer (click here)

Design and Construction of Aquaculture Facilities

  1. Design and Construction of Aquaculture Facilities: Introduction - Answer (click here)
  2. Land-based hatchery, juvenile and on-growing production plant in Aquaculture Engineering - Answer (click here)
  3. Water intake and transfer - Land-based hatchery, juvenile and on-growing production plant in Aquaculture Engineering - Answer (click here)
  4. Water treatment department - Land-based hatchery, juvenile and on-growing production plant in Aquaculture Engineering - Answer (click here)
  5. Production rooms in Aquaculture Engineering - Answer (click here)
  6. Feed storage - Aquaculture Engineering - Answer (click here)
  7. Disinfection barrier - Aquaculture Engineering - Answer (click here)
  8. Other rooms - Aquaculture Engineering - Answer (click here)
  9. Outlet water treatment - Aquaculture Engineering - Answer (click here)
  10. Important equipment - Aquaculture Engineering - Answer (click here)
  11. On growing production, sea cage farms - Answer (click here)
  12. Site selection - On growing production, sea cage farms - Answer (click here)
  13. The cages and the fixed equipment - Answer (click here)
  14. The base station - On growing production, sea cage farms - Answer (click here)
  15. Net handling - On growing production, sea cage farms - Answer (click here)
  16. Boat - On growing production, sea cage farms - Answer (click here)

Planning Aquaculture Facilities

  1. Planning Aquaculture Facilities - Answer (click here)
  2. The planning process - Planning Aquaculture Facilities - Answer (click here)
  3. Site selection - Planning Aquaculture Facilities - Answer (click here)
  4. Production plan - Planning Aquaculture Facilities - Answer (click here)
  5. Room programme - Planning Aquaculture Facilities - Answer (click here)
  6. Necessary analyses - Planning Aquaculture Facilities - Answer (click here)
  7. Drawing up alternative solutions - Planning Aquaculture Facilities - Answer (click here)
  8. Evaluation of and choosing between the alternative solutions - Planning Aquaculture Facilities - Answer (click here)
  9. Finishing plans, detailed planning - Planning Aquaculture Facilities - Answer (click here)
  10. Function test of the plant - Planning Aquaculture Facilities - Answer (click here)
Subject : Aquaculture Principles and Practices

Basis of Aquaculture

  1. Scope and definition - Basis of Aquaculture - Answer (click here)
  2. Cultural and socio economic basis - Basis of Aquaculture - Answer (click here)
  3. Biological and technological basis - Aquaculture - Answer (click here)
  4. Role in fishery management - Aquaculture - Answer (click here)

History of Aquaculture and its Present State

  1. Origins and growth of aquaculture - Answer (click here)
  2. Present state of aquaculture - Answer (click here)

National Planning of Aquaculture Development

  1. National Planning of Aquaculture Development - Answer (click here)
  2. National priorities and aquaculture development - Answer (click here)
  3. National resources - National Planning of Aquaculture Development - Answer (click here)
  4. Technology and human resources - Aquaculture - Answer (click here)
  5. Legal and environmental factors - Aquaculture - Answer (click here)
  6. Organization of aquaculture - Answer (click here)
  7. Aquaculture for rural development - Answer (click here)
  8. Aquaculture for social benefit - Answer (click here)

Selection of Sites for Aquaculture

  1. Selection of Sites for Aquaculture - Answer (click here)
  2. General considerations - Selection of Sites for Aquaculture - Answer (click here)
  3. Land-based farms- conflicts - Selection of Sites for Aquaculture - Answer (click here)
  4. Open water farms - Selection of Sites for Aquaculture - Answer (click here)
  5. Water quantity and quality - Selection of Sites for Aquaculture - Answer (click here)
  6. Sources of pollution and user conflicts - Selection of Sites for Aquaculture - Answer (click here)
  7. Environmental impact assessment - Selection of Sites for Aquaculture - Answer (click here)
  8. Social aspects of site selection and management - Selection of Sites for Aquaculture - Answer (click here)
  9. Legal empowerment and licensing of farms - Selection of Sites for Aquaculture - Answer (click here)

Selection of Species for Culture

  1. Selection of Species for Culture - Answer (click here)
  2. Biological characteristics of aquaculture species - Answer (click here)
  3. Economic and market considerations - Answer (click here)
  4. Introduction of exotic species - Answer (click here)
  5. Common aquaculture species - Answer (click here)

Design and Construction of Aquafarms

  1. Design and Construction of Aquafarms - Answer (click here)
  2. Data for pond farm design - Answer (click here)
  3. Design and construction of pond farms - Answer (click here)
  4. Tank farms - Design and Construction of Aquafarms - Answer (click here)
  5. Raceway farms - Design and Construction of Aquafarms - Answer (click here)
  6. Cage farms - Design and Construction of Aquafarms - Answer (click here)
  7. Types of cages and layout of cage farms - Answer (click here)
  8. Submersible cages and cage maintenance - Answer (click here)
  9. Pens and enclosures - Design and Construction of Aquafarms - Answer (click here)
  10. Design and construction of hatcheries - Answer (click here)

Nutrition and Feeds

  1. Feeding habits and food utilization - Aquaculture - Answer (click here)
  2. Energy metabolism- Nutrition and Feeds of Fish - Answer (click here)
  3. Carbohydrates - Aquaculture: Energy requirements and sources - Answer (click here)
  4. Proteins - Aquaculture: Energy requirements and sources - Answer (click here)
  5. Amino acids - Aquaculture: Energy requirements and sources - Answer (click here)
  6. Lipids and essential fatty acids - Aquaculture: Energy requirements and sources - Answer (click here)
  7. Vitamins - Aquaculture: Energy requirements and sources - Answer (click here)
  8. Minerals - Aquaculture: Energy requirements and sources - Answer (click here)
  9. Broodstock and larval nutrition - Aquaculture - Answer (click here)
  10. Aquaculture: Nature and source of live foods - Answer (click here)
  11. Algal culture - Aquaculture: Nature and source of live foods - Answer (click here)
  12. Live animal food: Nature and source of live foods - Answer (click here)
  13. Pond fertilization for production of live foods - Answer (click here)
  14. Inorganic fertilizers - Pond fertilization for production of live foods - Answer (click here)
  15. Organic fertilizers - Pond fertilization for production of live foods - Answer (click here)
  16. Supplementary feedstuffs - Aquaculture: Artificial feeds - Answer (click here)
  17. Types of processed feeds - Aquaculture: Artificial feeds - Answer (click here)
  18. Ingredients - Aquaculture: Artificial feeds - Answer (click here)
  19. Feed formulation and feed formulae - Artificial feeds - Answer (click here)
  20. Substitution of fish meal in feeds - Artificial feeds - Answer (click here)
  21. Feed preparation - Aquaculture: Artificial feeds - Answer (click here)
  22. Larval feeds - Aquaculture: Artificial feeds - Answer (click here)
  23. Larval microdiets - Aquaculture: Artificial feeds - Answer (click here)
  24. Feeding techniques - Aquaculture: Artificial feeds - Answer (click here)

Reproduction and Genetic Selection

  1. Reproduction and Genetic Selection - Aquaculture - Answer (click here)
  2. Reproductive cycles - Aquaculture - Answer (click here)
  3. Control of reproduction - Aquaculture - Answer (click here)
  4. Induced reproduction: Hypophysation, Gametes and fertilization - Aquaculture - Answer (click here)
  5. Preservation of gametes - Aquaculture - Answer (click here)
  6. Use of sex steroids for sex reversal - Aquaculture - Answer (click here)
  7. Genetic selection and hybridization in Aquaculture - Answer (click here)
  8. Methods of genetic selection - Genetic selection and hybridization in Aquaculture - Answer (click here)
  9. Mass selection - Genetic selection and hybridization in Aquaculture - Answer (click here)
  10. Genotypic selection - Genetic selection and hybridization in Aquaculture - Answer (click here)
  11. Progeny testing - Genetic selection and hybridization in Aquaculture - Answer (click here)
  12. Combined selection - Genetic selection and hybridization in Aquaculture - Answer (click here)
  13. Cross breeding - Genetic selection and hybridization in Aquaculture - Answer (click here)
  14. Chromosomal manipulation - Genetic selection and hybridization in Aquaculture - Answer (click here)
  15. Transgenics in aquaculture - Answer (click here)
  16. Molecular techniques in Aquaculture - Answer (click here)

Health and Diseases

  1. Health and diseases in aquaculture - Answer (click here)
  2. Factors affecting fish health - Health and diseases in aquaculture - Answer (click here)
  3. Integrated health management - Health and diseases in aquaculture - Answer (click here)
  4. Major diseases of aquaculture species - Answer (click here)
  5. Viral diseases of aquaculture species - Answer (click here)
  6. Infectious pancreatic necrosis (IPN) - Viral diseases of aquaculture species - Answer (click here)
  7. Infectious haematopoietic necrosis (IHN) - Viral diseases of aquaculture species - Answer (click here)
  8. Viral haemorrhagic septicaemia (VHS) - Viral diseases of aquaculture species - Answer (click here)
  9. Infectious dropsy of carp (IDC) and spring viremia of carp (SVC) - Viral diseases of aquaculture species - Answer (click here)
  10. Channel catfish virus disease (CCVD) - Viral diseases of aquaculture species - Answer (click here)
  11. Carp pox (CP) - Viral diseases of aquaculture species - Answer (click here)
  12. Lymphocystis - Viral diseases of aquaculture species - Answer (click here)
  13. Bacterial diseases of aquaculture species - Answer (click here)
  14. Furunculosis - Bacterial diseases of aquaculture species - Answer (click here)
  15. Columnaris disease - Bacterial diseases of aquaculture species - Answer (click here)
  16. Bacterial gill disease (BGD) - Bacterial diseases of aquaculture species - Answer (click here)
  17. Gill rot - Bacterial diseases of aquaculture species - Answer (click here)
  18. Enteric red mouth disease (ERM) - Bacterial diseases of aquaculture species - Answer (click here)
  19. Edwardsiellosis - Bacterial diseases of aquaculture species - Answer (click here)
  20. Vibriosis - Bacterial diseases of aquaculture species - Answer (click here)
  21. Fungus diseases of aquaculture species - Answer (click here)
  22. Saprolegniasis - Fungus diseases of aquaculture species - Answer (click here)
  23. Branchiomycosis - Fungus diseases of aquaculture species - Answer (click here)
  24. Protozoan diseases of aquaculture species - Answer (click here)
  25. Ichthyophthiriasis (Ich) - Protozoan diseases of aquaculture species - Answer (click here)
  26. Ichtyobodosis - Protozoan diseases of aquaculture species - Answer (click here)
  27. Whirling disease - Protozoan diseases of aquaculture species - Answer (click here)
  28. Copepod infections of aquaculture species - Answer (click here)
  29. Argulosis - Copepod infections of aquaculture species - Answer (click here)
  30. Lernaeosis - Copepod infections of aquaculture species - Answer (click here)
  31. Trematode infections of aquaculture species - Answer (click here)
  32. Public health and aquaculture - Answer (click here)

Control of Weeds Pests and Predators

  1. Weed problems in aquaculture farms - Answer (click here)
  2. Common aquatic weeds - Answer (click here)
  3. Prevention of infestations and utilization of weeds - Methods of weed control in Aquaculture - Answer (click here)
  4. Manual and mechanical methods - Methods of weed control in Aquaculture - Answer (click here)
  5. Chemical methods - Methods of weed control in Aquaculture - Answer (click here)
  6. Biological control - Methods of weed control in Aquaculture - Answer (click here)
  7. Control of predators, weed animals and pests in Aquaculture - Answer (click here)

Harvesting and Post Harvest Technology

  1. Harvesting methods in Aquaculture - Answer (click here)
  2. Harvesting drainable ponds - Harvesting methods in Aquaculture - Answer (click here)
  3. Seining undrainable ponds - Harvesting methods in Aquaculture - Answer (click here)
  4. Other methods of fishing - Harvesting methods in Aquaculture - Answer (click here)
  5. Harvesting cage and raceway farms - Harvesting methods in Aquaculture - Answer (click here)
  6. Harvesting of molluscs - Harvesting methods in Aquaculture - Answer (click here)
  7. Sorting - Handling, preservation and transport in Aquaculture - Answer (click here)
  8. Depuration of molluscs - Handling, preservation and transport in Aquaculture - Answer (click here)
  9. Preservation and processing - Handling, preservation and transport in Aquaculture - Answer (click here)

Marketing of Aquaculture Products

  1. Marketing of Aquaculture Products - Answer (click here)
  2. Outlets for aquaculture products - Answer (click here)
  3. Organization of marketing - Aquaculture products - Answer (click here)
  4. Market research - Market strategies for industrial aquaculture - Answer (click here)
  5. Formulation of market strategies - Market strategies for industrial aquaculture - Answer (click here)
  6. Marketing strategies for aquaculture products - Answer (click here)

Economics and Financing of Aquaculture

  1. Economic viability - Economics and Financing of Aquaculture - Answer (click here)
  2. Data requirements - Economics and Financing of Aquaculture - Answer (click here)
  3. Analysis of data - Economics and Financing of Aquaculture - Answer (click here)
  4. Financial and economic feasibility of investment - Aquaculture - Answer (click here)
  5. Risk and insurance - Economics and Financing of Aquaculture - Answer (click here)

Farm Management

  1. Farm Management - Aquaculture - Answer (click here)
  2. Concepts and economic principles of farm management - Aquaculture - Answer (click here)
  3. Application of farm management principles in aquaculture - Answer (click here)

Management of Aquaculture

  1. Sustainability and environmental management of Aquaculture - Answer (click here)
  2. Pollutionary effects of waste discharges from aquatic farms - Aquaculture - Answer (click here)
  3. Controlled use of natural resources - Aquaculture - Answer (click here)
  4. Selection of sites and farming practices - Aquaculture - Answer (click here)
  5. Guidelines for sustainable aquaculture and transport of live aquatic animals - Answer (click here)

Carps

  1. Main species of carps (familyCyprinidae) used for culture - Aquaculture - Answer (click here)
  2. Common carps (familyCyprinidae) used for Aquaculture - Answer (click here)
  3. Chinese carps (familyCyprinidae) used for Aquaculture - Answer (click here)
  4. Indian carps (familyCyprinidae) used for Aquaculture - Answer (click here)
  5. Culture systems in Aquaculture - Answer (click here)
  6. Spawning and fry production of Carps - Answer (click here)
  7. Breeding of common carp - Spawning and fry production of Carps - Answer (click here)
  8. Selection and segregation of brood stock - Spawning and fry production of Carps - Answer (click here)
  9. Spawning and larval rearing - Spawning and fry production of Carps - Answer (click here)
  10. Hypophysation: Common carp - Spawning and fry production of Carps - Answer (click here)
  11. Hypophysation: Chinese carps - Spawning and fry production of Carps - Answer (click here)
  12. Hypophysation: Indian carps - Spawning and fry production of Carps - Answer (click here)
  13. Nursing of carp fry - Spawning and fry production of Carps - Answer (click here)
  14. Grow-out and polyculture - Carps - Answer (click here)
  15. Diseases and mortality of Carps - Answer (click here)
  16. Harvesting and marketing of Carps - Answer (click here)

Trouts and Salmons

  1. Trouts and Salmons - Answer (click here)
  2. Trouts - Answer (click here)
  3. Culture systems of Trouts - Answer (click here)
  4. Development of brood stock - Trouts - Answer (click here)
  5. Techniques of propagation - Trouts - Answer (click here)
  6. Grow-out - Trouts - Answer (click here)
  7. Salmons - Answer (click here)
  8. Culture systems - Salmons - Answer (click here)
  9. Techniques of propagation: production, Stripping, fertilization and hatching - Salmons - Answer (click here)
  10. Grow out - Salmons - Answer (click here)
  11. Feeds and feeding of salmonids - Answer (click here)
  12. Salmonid diseases - Answer (click here)
  13. Harvesting and processing - Salmons - Answer (click here)
  14. Economics - Salmons - Answer (click here)

Catfishes

  1. Catfishes - Answer (click here)
  2. Channel catfish - Answer (click here)
  3. Asian catfishes - Answer (click here)
  4. African catfish - Answer (click here)
  5. European catfish (family Siluridae) - Answer (click here)
  6. Culture systems - Channel catfish - Answer (click here)
  7. Propagation Technics: Brood stock, Spawning and fry production - Channel catfish - Answer (click here)
  8. Grow out - Channel catfish - Answer (click here)
  9. Diseases - Channel catfish - Answer (click here)
  10. Harvesting and marketing, Economics - Channel catfish - Answer (click here)
  11. Spawning and fry production of Clarias spp. - Asian catfishes - Answer (click here)
  12. Propagation of Pangasius - Asian catfishes - Answer (click here)
  13. Grow-out of Asian catfishes - Answer (click here)
  14. Diseases and Economics of Asian catfishes - Answer (click here)
  15. Spawning and fry production of African catfish - Answer (click here)
  16. Grow-out and feeds of African catfish - Answer (click here)
  17. Spawning and rearing of fry - European catfish (family Siluridae) - Answer (click here)
  18. Grow-out of European catfish (family Siluridae) - Answer (click here)

Eels

  1. Eels(family Anguillidae) - Answer (click here)
  2. Culture systems of Eels(family Anguillidae) - Answer (click here)
  3. Collection and rearing of seed eels - Answer (click here)
  4. Feeds and grow-out of adult eels - Answer (click here)
  5. Diseases and mortality of Eels - Answer (click here)
  6. Harvesting and marketing of Eels - Answer (click here)
  7. Economics of Eels - Answer (click here)

Tilapias

  1. Tilapias (family Cichlidae) - Answer (click here)
  2. Cultivated species of tilapias - Answer (click here)
  3. Culture systems of tilapias - Answer (click here)
  4. Spawning and production of seed stock - Tilapias - Answer (click here)
  5. Methods of spawning - Spawning and production of Tilapias seed stock - Answer (click here)
  6. Mono sex seed stock and hybrids - Spawning and production of Tilapias seed stock - Answer (click here)
  7. Grow out in ponds - Tilapias - Answer (click here)
  8. Cage and pen culture - Tilapias - Answer (click here)
  9. Tank and raceway culture - Tilapias - Answer (click here)
  10. Feeds and feeding - Tilapias - Answer (click here)
  11. Diseases and mortality of Tilapias - Answer (click here)
  12. Harvesting and marketing of Tilapias - Answer (click here)
  13. Economics - Tilapias - Answer (click here)

Grey Mullets and Milkfish

  1. Grey Mullets and Milkfish: Introduction - Answer (click here)
  2. Grey mullets (family Mugilidae) - Answer (click here)
  3. Culture systems of Grey mullets - Answer (click here)
  4. Fry collection and artificial propagation of Grey mullets - Answer (click here)
  5. Grow-out of Grey mullets - Answer (click here)
  6. Diseases of Grey mullets - Answer (click here)
  7. Milkfish - Answer (click here)
  8. Culture systems of Milkfish - Answer (click here)
  9. Fry collection and induced spawning of Milkfish - Answer (click here)
  10. Grow-out of Milkfish: Pond preparation, Feeding and pond management, Pen culture - Answer (click here)
  11. Harvesting and marketing of Milkfish - Answer (click here)

Yellowtail

  1. Yellowtail, Seriola quinqueradiata (family Carangidae) - Answer (click here)
  2. Culture systems of Yellowtail (Seriola quinqueradiata) - Answer (click here)
  3. Production of seedlings - Yellowtail (Seriola quinqueradiata) - Answer (click here)
  4. Grow-out of Yellowtail (Seriola quinqueradiata) - Answer (click here)
  5. Diseases of Yellowtail (Seriola quinqueradiata) - Answer (click here)
  6. Harvesting and marketing of Yellowtail (Seriola quinqueradiata) - Answer (click here)

Sea Basses and Sea Breams

  1. Sea-Basses and Sea-Breams: Introduction - Answer (click here)
  2. European sea-bass - Answer (click here)
  3. Asian sea-bass - Answer (click here)
  4. Gilthead sea-bream - Answer (click here)
  5. Red sea-bream - Answer (click here)

Other Finfishes

  1. Other Finfishes - Answer (click here)
  2. Murrels (snakeheads) - Answer (click here)
  3. Spawning and fry production of Murrels (snakeheads) - Answer (click here)
  4. Grow-out of Murrels (snakeheads) - Answer (click here)
  5. Gouramis - Answer (click here)
  6. Spawning and fry production of Gouramis - Answer (click here)
  7. Grow-out of Gouramis - Answer (click here)
  8. Groupers (Epinephelus - family Serranidae) - Answer (click here)
  9. Fry collection and induced spawning of Groupers (Epinephelus - family Serranidae) - Answer (click here)
  10. Nursing and grow-out of Groupers (Epinephelus) - Answer (click here)
  11. Rabbit fishes (family Siganidae) - Answer (click here)
  12. Fry collection and induced spawning of Rabbit fishes - Answer (click here)
  13. Grow-out of Rabbit fishes - Answer (click here)
  14. Turbot (Scophthalmusmaximus - family Scophthalmidae) - Answer (click here)
  15. Controlled spawning and hatchery production of juveniles - Answer (click here)
  16. Grow-out of Turbot - Answer (click here)
  17. cod (Gadus morhua) - Answer (click here)
  18. Tunas - Answer (click here)

Shrimps and Prawns

  1. Shrimps and Prawns: Introduction - Answer (click here)
  2. Major cultivated species of shrimps and prawns - Answer (click here)
  3. Shrimp culture systems - Answer (click here)
  4. Reproduction and larval rearing of shrimps - Answer (click here)
  5. Brood stock - Reproduction and larval rearing of shrimps - Answer (click here)
  6. Hatchery systems - Reproduction and larval rearing of shrimps - Answer (click here)
  7. Spawning and larval rearing - Answer (click here)
  8. Grow-out of shrimps - Answer (click here)
  9. Food and feeding of shrimps - Answer (click here)
  10. Diseases of shrimps - Answer (click here)
  11. Harvesting and marketing of shrimps - Answer (click here)
  12. Economics of shrimp farming - Answer (click here)
  13. Reproduction and larval rearing of fresh-water prawns - Answer (click here)
  14. Grow-out of fresh-water prawns - Answer (click here)
  15. Food and feeding - Grow-out of fresh-water prawns - Answer (click here)
  16. Diseases of fresh-water prawns - Answer (click here)
  17. Harvesting and marketing of fresh water prawns - Answer (click here)
  18. Economics of fresh-water prawn farming - Answer (click here)

Crayfishes and Crabs

  1. Crayfishes - Answer (click here)
  2. Culture of Procambarus clarkii(Crayfishes): Pond culture methods, Double cropping - Answer (click here)
  3. Crabs - Answer (click here)
  4. Culture of Scylla serrata(Crabs) - Answer (click here)
  5. Propagation of crabs in Japan - Answer (click here)

Oysters and Mussels

  1. Oysters and Mussels: Introduction - Answer (click here)
  2. Oysters - Answer (click here)
  3. Culture systems of Oysters - Answer (click here)
  4. Production of seed oysters - Answer (click here)
  5. Hatchery production of seed oysters - Answer (click here)
  6. Flat oysters - Answer (click here)
  7. Cupped oysters - Answer (click here)
  8. Rock oysters - Answer (click here)
  9. Harvesting, handling and marketing of Oysters - Answer (click here)
  10. Mussels - Answer (click here)
  11. Culture systems of Mussels - Answer (click here)
  12. Seed stock of Mussels - Answer (click here)
  13. Grow-out of Mussels - Answer (click here)
  14. Harvesting, depuration and marketing of Mussels - Answer (click here)

Clams Scallops and Abalones

  1. Clams - Answer (click here)
  2. Culture systems of Clams - Answer (click here)
  3. Hatchery production of Clams seed - Answer (click here)
  4. Grow-out of Clams - Answer (click here)
  5. Scallops - Answer (click here)
  6. Spat collection - Scallops - Answer (click here)
  7. Hatchery production of spat - Scallops - Answer (click here)
  8. Grow-out of Scallops - Answer (click here)
  9. Abalones - Answer (click here)
  10. Controlled reproduction and larval rearing - Abalones - Answer (click here)
  11. Grow-out of Abalones - Answer (click here)

Seaweeds

  1. Seaweeds - Answer (click here)
  2. Culture systems of Seaweeds - Answer (click here)
  3. Porphyra culture practices - Seaweeds - Answer (click here)
  4. Culture of Undaria - Seaweeds - Answer (click here)
  5. Culture of Laminaria - Seaweeds - Answer (click here)
  6. Culture of other edible seaweeds - Answer (click here)
  7. Culture of seaweeds for industrial use - Answer (click here)

Integration of Aquaculture with Crop and Livestock Farming

  1. Rationale of integrated farming - Answer (click here)
  2. Integrated farming of fish and livestock - Answer (click here)
  3. Pig and fish farming - Integrated farming of fish and livestock - Answer (click here)
  4. Duck and fish farming - Integrated farming of fish and livestock - Answer (click here)
  5. Farming of other animals in association with fish - Answer (click here)
  6. Objectives and types of rice-field aquaculture - Answer (click here)
  7. Rice fish rotation - Answer (click here)
  8. Combined culture of rice and fish - Rice field aquaculture - Answer (click here)
  9. Polyculture of bivalves and seaweeds in marine environments - Answer (click here)

Stocking of Open Waters and Ranching

  1. Stocking of Open Waters and Ranching - Answer (click here)
  2. Reservoirs - Open water stocking - Answer (click here)
  3. Lakes and streams - Open water stocking - Answer (click here)
  4. Coastal and inland seas - Open water stocking - Answer (click here)
  5. Ranching of anadromous species - Answer (click here)
  6. Salmons - Ranching of anadromous species - Answer (click here)
  7. Sturgeons - Ranching of anadromous species - Answer (click here)
  8. Ownership and regulation of fishing - Answer (click here)
Subject : Health Management in Aquaculture

Disease development

  1. Disease development - Health Management in Aquaculture - Answer (click here)
  2. How Disease Develops - Health Management in Aquaculture - Answer (click here)
  3. Disease Diagnosis - Health Management in Aquaculture - Answer (click here)

Viral diseases

  1. Characteristics of Virus - Health Management in Aquaculture - Answer (click here)
  2. Epizootic Ulcerative Syndrome (EUS) - Viral Infections In Fish - Answer (click here)
  3. Channel Catfish Virus Disease (CCVD) - Viral Infections In Fish - Answer (click here)
  4. Grass Carp Hemorrhagic Disease - Viral Infections In Fish - Answer (click here)
  5. Spinning Tilapia (ST) - Viral Infections In Fish - Answer (click here)
  6. Viral Nervous Necrosis (VNN) - Viral Infections In Fish - Answer (click here)
  7. Lymphocystis Disease - Viral Infections In Fish - Answer (click here)
  8. Grouper Iridovirus of Taiwan Disease (TGIV) - Viral Infections In Fish - Answer (click here)
  9. Sleepy Grouper Disease (SGD) - Viral Infections In Fish - Answer (click here)
  10. White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV) Disease - Viral Infections in Penaeid Shrimps - Answer (click here)
  11. Yellow Head Virus (YHV) Disease - Viral Infections in Penaeid Shrimps - Answer (click here)
  12. Monodon Baculovirus (MBV) Disease - Viral Infections in Penaeid Shrimps - Answer (click here)
  13. Infectious Hypodermal and Hematopoietic Virus (IHHNV) Disease - Viral Infections in Penaeid Shrimps - Answer (click here)
  14. Hepatopancreatic Parvo-like Virus (HPV) Disease - Viral Infections in Penaeid Shrimps - Answer (click here)
  15. Prevention of Viral Infections in Aquaculture - Answer (click here)

Bacterial diseases

  1. Bacterial diseases - Health Management in Aquaculture - Answer (click here)
  2. What are Bacteria? - Answer (click here)
  3. Identifying the real cause of a disease; Koch’s Postulates - Answer (click here)
  4. Columnaris Disease - Bacterial Diseases of Fish - Answer (click here)
  5. Edwardsiella Septicaemia or Edwardsiellosis - Bacterial Diseases of Fish - Answer (click here)
  6. Motile Aeromonad Septicemia - Bacterial Diseases of Fish - Answer (click here)
  7. Pseudomonad Septicemia or Red Spot Disease - Bacterial Diseases of Fish - Answer (click here)
  8. Streptococcal Infection - Bacterial Diseases of Fish - Answer (click here)
  9. Mycobacteriosis or Piscine Tuberculosis - Bacterial Diseases of Fish - Answer (click here)
  10. Filamentous Bacterial Disease - Bacterial Diseases of Crustaceans - Answer (click here)
  11. Cuticular or Subcuticular Localized Infections - Bacterial Diseases of Crustaceans - Answer (click here)
  12. Luminous Bacterial Disease - Internal or Systemic Infections of Crustaceans - Answer (click here)
  13. Non-luminous Vibrios Bacterial Disease - Internal or Systemic Infections of Crustaceans - Answer (click here)

Fungal diseases

  1. Fungal diseases - Health Management in Aquaculture - Answer (click here)
  2. What are Fungi? - Answer (click here)
  3. Saprolegniosis (Saprolegniasis) - Fungal Diseases of Fish - Answer (click here)
  4. Epizootic Ulcerative Syndrome (EUS) - Fungal Diseases of Fish - Answer (click here)
  5. Branchiomycosis (Gill Rot) - Fungal Diseases of Fish - Answer (click here)
  6. Ichthyophoniasis (Ichthyosporidiosis) - Fungal Diseases of Fish - Answer (click here)
  7. Larval Mycosis - Fungal Diseases of Crustaceans - Answer (click here)
  8. Black Gill Disease (Fusarium Disease) - Fungal Diseases of Crustaceans - Answer (click here)
  9. Aflatoxicosis (Red Disease) - Fungal Diseases of Crustaceans - Answer (click here)

Parasitic diseases and pests

  1. Parasitic diseases and pests - Health Management in Aquaculture - Answer (click here)
  2. Protozoan Infestations: Ciliates, Flagellates, Myxosporeans - Fish Diseases Caused by Parasites - Answer (click here)
  3. Monogenean Infestations - Fish Diseases Caused by Parasites - Answer (click here)
  4. Digenean Infestations - Fish Diseases Caused by Parasites - Answer (click here)
  5. Cestode Infestations - Fish Diseases Caused by Parasites - Answer (click here)
  6. Nematode Infestations - Fish Diseases Caused by Parasites - Answer (click here)
  7. Acanthocephalan Infestations - Fish Diseases Caused by Parasites - Answer (click here)
  8. Crustacean Infestations - Fish Diseases Caused by Parasites - Answer (click here)
  9. Marine Leech Infestations - Fish Diseases Caused by Parasites - Answer (click here)
  10. Mollusc Infestation - Fish Diseases Caused by Parasites - Answer (click here)
  11. Protozoan Infestation - Crustacean Diseases Caused By Parasites - Answer (click here)
  12. Sporozoans - Crustacean Diseases Caused By Parasites - Answer (click here)
  13. Microsporeans - Crustacean Diseases Caused By Parasites - Answer (click here)
  14. Life Cycle Patterns of Fish Parasites - Answer (click here)

Environmental and other non infectious diseases

  1. Gas Bubble Disease - Fish Diseases - Answer (click here)
  2. Swimbladder stress syndrome (SBSS) - Fish Diseases - Answer (click here)
  3. Fish Diseases Associated With Physico-Chemical Properties of Water - Answer (click here)
  4. Shrimp Diseases Associated With Physico-Chemical properties of Water - Answer (click here)
  5. Muscle Necrosis - Shrimp Diseases - Answer (click here)
  6. Black Gill Disease - Shrimp Diseases - Answer (click here)
  7. Red Disease - Shrimp Diseases - Answer (click here)
  8. Chronic Soft-Shell Syndrome Soft-Shelling - Shrimp Diseases - Answer (click here)

Nutritional diseases

  1. Types of Feeds - fish in aquaculture - Answer (click here)
  2. Components of Feeds - fish in aquaculture - Answer (click here)
  3. Determining the nutritional status of fish - Answer (click here)
  4. Nutritional deficiency diseases of fish - Answer (click here)
  5. Nutritional diseases of shrimps - Answer (click here)
  6. Feed quality problems with health implications - Answer (click here)

Physical environmental and chemical methods of disease prevention and control

  1. Physical methods of disease prevention and control in Aquaculture - Answer (click here)
  2. Environmental methods of disease prevention and control in Aquaculture - Answer (click here)
  3. Chemical methods of disease prevention and control in Aquaculture - Answer (click here)
  4. Disadvantages of Chemical Treatment in Aquaculture - Answer (click here)
  5. Prevention of Drug Resistance in Aquaculture - Answer (click here)
  6. Principles of Bioassay - Health Management in Aquaculture - Answer (click here)

Immunity and biological methods of disease prevention and control

  1. Immunity and biological methods of disease prevention and control in Aquaculture - Answer (click here)
  2. The fish immune system - Answer (click here)
  3. Innate or Non-specific Immunity - The fish immune system - Answer (click here)
  4. Cellular Barriers of the Innate Immune System - The fish immune system - Answer (click here)
  5. Adaptive or Specific Immunity - The fish immune system - Answer (click here)
  6. Humoral immunity - The fish immune system - Answer (click here)
  7. Antibody Production - The fish immune system - Answer (click here)
  8. Immunologic Memory - The fish immune system - Answer (click here)
  9. Cellular Immunity - The fish immune system - Answer (click here)
  10. Crustacean immune system - Answer (click here)
  11. Defense Mechanisms in Crustaceans - Answer (click here)
  12. Immunosuppression - Health Management in Aquaculture - Answer (click here)
  13. Avoidance of Pathogens - biological methods of disease prevention and control in Aquaculture - Answer (click here)
  14. The Role of Stress in Disease - biological methods of disease prevention and control in Aquaculture - Answer (click here)
  15. Improvements in Host Resistance - biological methods of disease prevention and control in Aquaculture - Answer (click here)
  16. Biological Modification of the Culture System in Aquaculture - Answer (click here)

Immunological and molecular biology techniques in disease diagnosis

  1. Immunological techniques in disease diagnosis - Health Management in Aquaculture - Answer (click here)
  2. Agglutination - Aquaculture Immunological techniques in disease diagnosis - Answer (click here)
  3. Precipitation - Aquaculture Immunological techniques in disease diagnosis - Answer (click here)
  4. Fluorescent Antibody Technique (FAT) - Aquaculture Immunological techniques in disease diagnosis - Answer (click here)
  5. Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) - Aquaculture Immunological techniques in disease diagnosis - Answer (click here)
  6. Western Blotting - Aquaculture Immunological techniques in disease diagnosis - Answer (click here)
  7. Molecular biology techniques in disease diagnosis - Aquaculture - Answer (click here)
  8. Gene probe assays - Aquaculture Molecular biology techniques in disease diagnosis - Answer (click here)
  9. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) - Aquaculture Molecular biology techniques in disease diagnosis - Answer (click here)

Harmful and toxic algae

  1. Harmful and toxic algae - Health Management in Aquaculture - Answer (click here)
  2. Conditions that stimulate harmful and toxic algal blooms - Answer (click here)
  3. Types of harmful and toxic algal blooms - Health Management in Aquaculture - Answer (click here)
  4. Effects of harmful and toxic algal blooms to fish and marine environment - Answer (click here)
  5. Strategies in coping with the problem of harmful and toxic algal blooms - Aquaculture - Answer (click here)
Subject : The Diversity of Fishes: Biology Evolution and Ecology

Introduction

  1. The science of ichthyology - Answer (click here)
  2. What is a fish? - Answer (click here)
  3. The diversity of fishes - Answer (click here)
  4. Superlative fishes - Answer (click here)
  5. A brief history of ichthyology - Answer (click here)

Systematic procedures

  1. Species - Answer (click here)
  2. Taxonomy versus systematics - Answer (click here)
  3. Approaches to classification - Answer (click here)
  4. Taxonomic characters - Diversity of Fishes - Answer (click here)
  5. Vertebrate classes - Answer (click here)
  6. Units of classification - The Diversity of Fishes - Answer (click here)
  7. International Code of Zoological Nomenclature - Answer (click here)
  8. PhyloCode - Answer (click here)
  9. Name changes - Diversity of Fishes - Answer (click here)
  10. Collections - Diversity of Fishes - Answer (click here)

Skeleton skin and scales

  1. Skeleton of Fishes - Answer (click here)
  2. Neurocranium - Skeleton of Fishes - Answer (click here)
  3. Branchiocranium - Skeleton of Fishes - Answer (click here)
  4. Postcranial skeleton - Skeleton of Fishes - Answer (click here)
  5. Appendicular skeleton - Skeleton of Fishes - Answer (click here)
  6. Epidermis - Integumentary skeleton of Fishes - Answer (click here)
  7. Scales - Integumentary skeleton of Fishes - Answer (click here)
  8. Scale morphology in taxonomy and life history - Integumentary skeleton of Fishes - Answer (click here)

Soft anatomy

  1. Muscles - Anatomy of Fishes - Answer (click here)
  2. Cardiovascular system of Fishes - Answer (click here)
  3. Alimentary canal of Fishes - Answer (click here)
  4. Gas bladder of Fishes - Answer (click here)
  5. Kidneys of Fishes - Answer (click here)
  6. Gonads of Fishes - Answer (click here)
  7. Nervous system of Fishes - Answer (click here)

Oxygen metabolism and energetics

  1. Respiration and ventilation of Fishes - Answer (click here)
  2. Water as arespiratory environment - Respiration and ventilation of Fishes - Answer (click here)
  3. Aquatic breathing - Respiration and ventilation of Fishes - Answer (click here)
  4. Air-breathing fishes - Answer (click here)
  5. Gas transport of Fishes - Answer (click here)
  6. Metabolic rate of Fishes - Answer (click here)
  7. Swimming of Fishes - Answer (click here)
  8. Buoyancy regulation of Fishes - Answer (click here)
  9. Energy intake of Fishes - Answer (click here)
  10. Bioenergetics models of Fishes - Answer (click here)

Sensory systems

  1. Mechanoreception - Fishes - Answer (click here)
  2. Lateral line system - Fishes - Answer (click here)
  3. Equilibrium and balance - Fishes - Answer (click here)
  4. Hearing in fishes - Answer (click here)
  5. Electroreception - Fishes - Answer (click here)
  6. Electroreceptors - Fishes - Answer (click here)
  7. Electrical communication - Fishes - Answer (click here)
  8. Electrical attack and defense - Fishes - Answer (click here)
  9. Vision - Fishes - Answer (click here)
  10. Visual adaptations for special habitats - Fishes - Answer (click here)
  11. Chemoreception - Fishes - Answer (click here)
  12. Magnetic reception - Fishes - Answer (click here)

Homeostasis

  1. Coordination and control of regulation - Fishes - Answer (click here)
  2. Temperature relationships - Fishes: Homeostasis - Answer (click here)
  3. Coping with temperature fluctuation - Fishes: Homeostasis - Answer (click here)
  4. Heterothermic fishes - Answer (click here)
  5. Coping with temperature extremes - Fishes: Homeostasis - Answer (click here)
  6. Thermal preference - Fishes: Homeostasis - Answer (click here)
  7. Osmoregulation, excretion, ion and pH balance - Fishes: Homeostasis - Answer (click here)
  8. Osmoregulation in different types of fishes - Answer (click here)
  9. Control of osmoregulation and excretion - Fishes: Homeostasis - Answer (click here)
  10. pH balance - Fishes: Homeostasis - Answer (click here)
  11. The immune system of Fishes - Answer (click here)
  12. Stress - Fishes: Homeostasis - Answer (click here)
  13. Indicators of stress - Fishes: Homeostasis - Answer (click here)

Functional morphology of locomotion and feeding

  1. Locomotion: movement and shape - Fishes - Answer (click here)
  2. Locomotory types - Fishes - Answer (click here)
  3. Specialized locomotion - Fishes - Answer (click here)
  4. Swimming in sharks: the alternative approach - Fishes - Answer (click here)
  5. Feeding: biting, sucking,chewing, and swallowing - Fishes - Answer (click here)
  6. Jaw protrusion: the great leap forward - Fishes - Answer (click here)
  7. Pharyngeal jaws - Fishes - Answer (click here)
  8. Dentition - Fishes - Answer (click here)
  9. Mouth position and function - Fishes - Answer (click here)

Early life history

  1. Complex life cycles and indeterminate growth - Fishes - Answer (click here)
  2. Early life history:terminology - Fishes - Answer (click here)
  3. Gametogenesis - Eggs and sperm of Fishes - Answer (click here)
  4. Fertilization - Eggs and sperm of Fishes - Answer (click here)
  5. Embryology - Fishes - Answer (click here)
  6. Meristic variation - Fishes - Answer (click here)
  7. Larvae - Fishes - Answer (click here)
  8. Larval feeding and survival - Fishes - Answer (click here)
  9. Larval behavior and physiology - Answer (click here)
  10. Larval morphology and taxonomy - Answer (click here)
  11. Getting from here to there: larval transport mechanisms - Answer (click here)

Juveniles adults age and growth

  1. Juveniles - Answer (click here)
  2. Transitions and transitional stages - Juveniles - Answer (click here)
  3. Complex transitions: smoltificationin salmon, metamorphosis in flatfish - Answer (click here)
  4. Determination, differentiation, and maturation - Adults Adults - Answer (click here)
  5. Maturation and longevity - Adults Fishes - Answer (click here)
  6. Death and senescence - Adults Fishes - Answer (click here)
  7. Age - Fishes - Answer (click here)
  8. Growth - Fishes - Answer (click here)
  9. Body size, scaling, and allometry - Fishes - Answer (click here)
  10. Ontogenetic differences within species - Fishes - Answer (click here)
  11. Evolution via adjustments in development: heterochrony, paedomorphosis, and neoteny - Fishes - Answer (click here)

A history of fishes

  1. A history of fishes - Answer (click here)
  2. Jawless fishes - A history of fishes - Answer (click here)
  3. Subphylum Craniata, Infraphylum Vertebrata - A history of fishes - Answer (click here)
  4. Later evolution of primitive agnathous fishes - Answer (click here)
  5. Gnathostomes: early jawed fishes - Answer (click here)
  6. Class Placodermi - Gnathostomes: early jawed fishes - Answer (click here)
  7. Advanced jawed fishes I: teleostomes (Osteichthyes) - Answer (click here)
  8. Class Acanthodii - Advanced jawed fishes I: teleostomes (Osteichthyes) - Answer (click here)
  9. Class Sarcopterygii - Advanced jawed fishes I: teleostomes (Osteichthyes) - Answer (click here)
  10. Tetrapodamorphs: tetrapod ancestors - Advanced jawed fishes : teleostomes (Osteichthyes) - Answer (click here)
  11. Class Actinopterygii - Advanced jawed fishes : teleostomes (Osteichthyes) - Answer (click here)
  12. Subclass Cladistia - Class Actinopterygii, Advanced jawed fishes : teleostomes (Osteichthyes) - Answer (click here)
  13. Subclass Chondrostei - Class Actinopterygii, Advanced jawed fishes : teleostomes (Osteichthyes) - Answer (click here)
  14. Subclass Neopterygii - Class Actinopterygii, Advanced jawed fishes : teleostomes (Osteichthyes) - Answer (click here)
  15. Division Teleostei - Class Actinopterygii, Advanced jawed fishes : teleostomes (Osteichthyes) - Answer (click here)
  16. Trends during teleostean phylogeny - Answer (click here)
  17. Advanced jawed fishes II: Chondrichthyes - Answer (click here)
  18. Subclass Elasmobranchii - Advanced jawed fishes: Chondrichthyes - Answer (click here)
  19. Subclass Holocephali - Advanced jawed fishes: Chondrichthyes - Answer (click here)
  20. A history of fishes: summary and overview - Answer (click here)

Chondrichthyes sharks skates rays and chimaeras

  1. Subclass Elasmobranchii - Answer (click here)
  2. Modern neoselachian diversity - Subclass Elasmobranchii - Answer (click here)
  3. Body size - Subclass Elasmobranchii - Answer (click here)
  4. Habitats - Subclass Elasmobranchii - Answer (click here)
  5. Movement and home ranges - Subclass Elasmobranchii - Answer (click here)
  6. Metabolism and growth rate: life in the slow lane - Subclass Elasmobranchii - Answer (click here)
  7. Feeding habits - Subclass Elasmobranchii - Answer (click here)
  8. Sensory physiology - Subclass Elasmobranchii - Answer (click here)
  9. Reproduction and development - Subclass Elasmobranchii - Answer (click here)
  10. Shark conservation - Subclass Elasmobranchii - Answer (click here)
  11. Chimaeras - Subclass Holocephali - Answer (click here)

Living representatives of primitive fishes

  1. Amphioxiforms - Jawless fishes - Answer (click here)
  2. Hagfishes and lampreys: evolutionary relationships - Jawless fishes - Answer (click here)
  3. Myxiniforms - Jawless fishes - Answer (click here)
  4. Petromyzontiforms - Jawless fishes - Answer (click here)
  5. Subclass Coelacanthimorpha: the living coelacanths - Primitive bony fishes - Answer (click here)
  6. The living coelacanths, at least for now - Answer (click here)
  7. Subclass Dipnoi, Order Ceratodontiformes: the lungfishes - Primitive bony fishes - Answer (click here)
  8. Class Actinopterygii, Subclass Cladistia: bichirs and Reedfish - Primitive bony fishes - Answer (click here)
  9. Cladistian autapomorphic and synapomorphic traits - Answer (click here)
  10. Class Actinopterygii, Subclass Chondrostei, Order Acipenseriformes: sturgeons and paddlefishes - Answer (click here)
  11. Acipenseridae - Class Actinopterygii, Subclass Chondrostei, Order Acipenseriformes: sturgeons and paddlefishes - Answer (click here)
  12. Polyodontidae - Class Actinopterygii, Subclass Chondrostei, Order Acipenseriformes: sturgeons and paddlefishes - Answer (click here)
  13. Subclass Neopterygii, Order Lepisosteiformes (or Semionotiformes): the gars - Answer (click here)
  14. Order Amiiformes: the Bowfin - Answer (click here)

Teleosts at last I bonytongues through anglerfishes

  1. Teleostean phylogeny - Answer (click here)
  2. Subdivision Osteoglossomorpha - teleostean fishes - Answer (click here)
  3. Subdivision Elopomorpha - teleostean fishes - Answer (click here)
  4. Subdivision Otocephala (= Ostarioclupeomorpha), Superorder Clupeomorpha - teleostean fishes - Answer (click here)
  5. Subdivision Otocephala (= Ostarioclupeomorpha), Superorder Ostariophysi - teleostean fishes - Answer (click here)
  6. Subdivision Euteleostei - teleostean fishes - Answer (click here)
  7. Subdivision Euteostei, Superorder Protacanthopterygii - teleostean fishes - Answer (click here)
  8. Neognathi - Answer (click here)
  9. Acanthomorpha: thespiny teleosts - Answer (click here)
  10. Superorder Lampriomorpha - Acanthomorpha: thespiny teleosts - Answer (click here)
  11. Superorder Polymixiomorpha - Acanthomorpha: thespiny teleosts - Answer (click here)

Teleosts at last IIspiny rayed fishes

  1. Superorder Acanthopterygii: introduction - Answer (click here)
  2. Series Mugilomorpha - Answer (click here)
  3. Series Atherinomorpha - Answer (click here)
  4. Series Percomorpha:basal orders - Answer (click here)
  5. Series Percomorpha, Order Perciformes: the perchlike fishes - Answer (click here)
  6. Suborder Percoidea - Answer (click here)
  7. Suborder Elassomatoidei - Answer (click here)
  8. Suborder Labroidei - Answer (click here)
  9. Suborder Zoarcoidei - Answer (click here)
  10. Suborder Notothenioidei - Answer (click here)
  11. Suborder Trachinoidei - Answer (click here)
  12. Suborder Blennioidei - Answer (click here)
  13. Suborders Icosteoidei,Gobiesocoidei, and Callionymoidei - Answer (click here)
  14. Suborder Gobioidei - Answer (click here)
  15. Suborder Kurtoidei - Answer (click here)
  16. Suborder Acanthuroidei - Answer (click here)
  17. Suborder Xiphioidei - Answer (click here)
  18. Suborder Scombroidei - Answer (click here)
  19. Suborder Stromateoidei - Answer (click here)
  20. Suborder Anabantoidei - Answer (click here)
  21. Suborder Channoidei - Answer (click here)
  22. Suborder Caproidei - Answer (click here)
  23. Order Pleuronectiformes - Answer (click here)
  24. Order Tetraodontiformes - Answer (click here)

Zoogeography

  1. Marine fishes - Answer (click here)
  2. Major ecological divisions - Marine fishes - Answer (click here)
  3. Marine zoogeographic regions fishes - Answer (click here)
  4. Indo-West Pacific region - Marine zoogeographic regions fishes - Answer (click here)
  5. Western Atlantic region - Marine zoogeographic regions fishes - Answer (click here)
  6. Eastern Pacific region - Marine zoogeographic regions fishes - Answer (click here)
  7. Eastern Atlantic region - Marine zoogeographic regions fishes - Answer (click here)
  8. Mediterranean Sea - Marine zoogeographic regions fishes - Answer (click here)
  9. Arctic and Antarctic fishes - Marine zoogeographic regions fishes - Answer (click here)
  10. Freshwater fishes - Answer (click here)
  11. Nearctic region Freshwater Fishes - Answer (click here)
  12. Neotropical region Freshwater Fishes - Answer (click here)
  13. Palearctic region Freshwater Fishes - Answer (click here)
  14. African region Freshwater Fishes - Answer (click here)
  15. Oriental region Freshwater Fishes - Answer (click here)
  16. Australian region Freshwater Fishes - Answer (click here)
  17. Archaic freshwater fish distributions - Answer (click here)
  18. More recent freshwater fish distributions - Answer (click here)
  19. Similarities between South American and African freshwater fishes - Answer (click here)
  20. Middle American freshwater fishes - Answer (click here)

Fish genetics

  1. Fish genomics - Answer (click here)
  2. Molecular ecology - Fish genetics - Answer (click here)
  3. Population genetics - Fish genetics - Answer (click here)
  4. Dispersal and population structure - Fish genetics - Answer (click here)
  5. Pelagic larval duration and population structure - Fish genetics - Answer (click here)
  6. Habitat preference - Fish genetics - Answer (click here)
  7. Complex population structure - Fish genetics - Answer (click here)
  8. Fish genetics: Phylogeography - Answer (click here)
  9. Dispersal and vicariance revisited - Fish genetics: Phylogeography - Answer (click here)
  10. Freshwater fishes - Fish genetics: Phylogeography - Answer (click here)
  11. Anadromous fishes - Fish genetics: Phylogeography - Answer (click here)
  12. Marine fishes - Fish genetics: Phylogeography - Answer (click here)
  13. Transarctic interchange between the North Pacific and North Atlantic - Fish genetics: Phylogeography - Answer (click here)
  14. Molecular evolution - Fish genetics - Answer (click here)
  15. The deepest vertebrate radiations: are you a fish? - Answer (click here)
  16. The history of ray-finned fishes - Answer (click here)
  17. Mapping an evolutionary innovation in parrotfishes - Answer (click here)
  18. Cryptic evolutionary diversity: the case of the bonefishes - Answer (click here)
  19. The cichlid radiation of Lake Malawi - Answer (click here)
  20. Conservation genetics - Fish genetics - Answer (click here)
  21. Molecular identification in the marketplace - Fish genetics - Answer (click here)

Special habitats and special adaptations

  1. The deep sea - Answer (click here)
  2. Physical factors affecting the deep sea - Diversity of Fishes - Answer (click here)
  3. Convergence in the deep sea - Diversity of Fishes - Answer (click here)
  4. The open sea - Answer (click here)
  5. Adaptations to the open sea - Answer (click here)
  6. Foraging - Answer (click here)
  7. Life history patterns in pelagic fishes - Answer (click here)
  8. Flotsam - Answer (click here)
  9. Evolution and convergence - Deep sea - Answer (click here)
  10. Polar regions - Diversity of Fishes - Answer (click here)
  11. Antarctic fishes - Answer (click here)
  12. Adaptations and constraints of Antarctic fishes - Answer (click here)
  13. Arctic fishes - Answer (click here)
  14. Deserts and other seasonally arid habitats - Diversity of Fishes - Answer (click here)
  15. North American deserts - Diversity of Fishes - Answer (click here)
  16. Strong currents and turbulent water - Diversity of Fishes - Answer (click here)
  17. Caves - Diversity of Fishes - Answer (click here)
  18. Adaptations to cave living - Diversity of Fishes - Answer (click here)
  19. Preadaptation, evolution, and convergence in cave fishes - Answer (click here)

Fishes as predators

  1. Search and detect - Fishes as predators - Answer (click here)
  2. Pursuit - Fishes as predators - Answer (click here)
  3. Attack and capture - Fishes as predators - Answer (click here)
  4. Handling - Fishes as predators - Answer (click here)
  5. Scavengers, detritivores, and herbivores - Fishes as predators - Answer (click here)
  6. Optimally foraging fishes - Fishes as predators - Answer (click here)

Fishes as prey

  1. Avoiding detection: Camouflage - Fishes as prey - Answer (click here)
  2. Avoiding detection: Invisible fishes - Fishes as prey - Answer (click here)
  3. Avoiding detection: Early detection - Fishes as prey - Answer (click here)
  4. Avoiding detection: Shoaling and search - Fishes as prey - Answer (click here)
  5. Evading pursuit - Fishes as prey - Answer (click here)
  6. Preventing and deflecting attacks - Fishes as prey - Answer (click here)
  7. Discouraging capture and handling - Fishes as prey - Answer (click here)
  8. Balancing foraging against predatory threat - Fishes as prey - Answer (click here)

Fishes as social animals reproduction

  1. Reproductive patterns among fishes - Answer (click here)
  2. Lifetime reproductive opportunities - Reproductive patterns among fishes - Answer (click here)
  3. Mating systems - Reproductive patterns among fishes - Answer (click here)
  4. Gender roles in fishes - Reproductive patterns among fishes - Answer (click here)
  5. Sexual selection, dimorphism, and mate choice - Fishes as social animals: Courtship and spawning - Answer (click here)
  6. Spawning site selection and preparation - Fishes as social animals: Courtship and spawning - Answer (click here)
  7. Courtship patterns - Fishes as social animals: Courtship and spawning - Answer (click here)
  8. Spawning site selection and preparation - Fishes as social animals: Courtship and spawning - Answer (click here)
  9. The spawning act - Fishes as social animals - Answer (click here)
  10. Extent and diversity of care - Parental care of Fishes - Answer (click here)
  11. The gender of care-givers - Parental care of Fishes - Answer (click here)
  12. The costs of care - Parental care of Fishes - Answer (click here)
  13. Alternative mating systems and tactics - Fishes as social animals - Answer (click here)

Fishes as social animals aggregation aggression and cooperation

  1. Visual communication of Fishes - Fishes as social animals - Answer (click here)
  2. Acoustic communication of Fishes - Fishes as social animals - Answer (click here)
  3. Chemical communication of Fishes - Fishes as social animals - Answer (click here)
  4. Tactile communication of Fishes - Fishes as social animals - Answer (click here)
  5. Electrical communication of Fishes - Fishes as social animals - Answer (click here)
  6. Agonistic interactions of Fishes - Answer (click here)
  7. Behavioral hierarchies - Agonistic interactions of Fishes - Answer (click here)
  8. Territoriality - Agonistic interactions of Fishes - Answer (click here)
  9. Home ranges - Agonistic interactions of Fishes - Answer (click here)
  10. Aggregations Shoaling of Fishes - Answer (click here)
  11. Optimal group size - Aggregations of Fishes - Answer (click here)
  12. Parasitism - Interspecific relations of Fishes: symbioses - Answer (click here)
  13. Mutualism and commensalism - Interspecific relations of Fishes: symbioses - Answer (click here)
  14. Interspecific shoaling - Interspecific relations of Fishes: symbioses - Answer (click here)

Cycles of activity and behavior

  1. Light-induced activity patterns - Fishes: Diel patterns - Answer (click here)
  2. Vertical migrations - Fishes: Diel patterns - Answer (click here)
  3. Circadian rhythms - Fishes: Diel patterns - Answer (click here)
  4. Tidal patterns - Fishes: Diel patterns - Answer (click here)
  5. Semilunar and lunar patterns - Diversity of Fishes - Answer (click here)
  6. Activity and distribution - Seasonal patterns of Fishes - Answer (click here)
  7. Reproductive seasonality - Seasonal patterns of Fishes - Answer (click here)
  8. Seasonal reproduction: proximate and ultimate factors - Seasonal patterns of Fishes - Answer (click here)
  9. Annual and supra-annual patterns: migrations of Fishes - Answer (click here)
  10. Diadromy - Annual and supra-annual patterns: migrations of Fishes - Answer (click here)
  11. Mechanisms of migration - Annual and supra-annual patterns: migrations of Fishes - Answer (click here)
  12. Representative life histories of migratory fishes - Answer (click here)

Individuals populations and assemblages

  1. Life histories and reproductive ecology of Fishes - Answer (click here)
  2. Population dynamics and regulation - Diversity of Fishes - Answer (click here)
  3. Production of Fishes - Answer (click here)
  4. Genetic structure of populations - Diversity of Fishes - Answer (click here)
  5. Hybridization - Diversity of Fishes - Answer (click here)
  6. Assemblages - Diversity of Fishes - Answer (click here)
  7. Niches and guilds: the ecological role of a species - Diversity of Fishes: Assemblages - Answer (click here)
  8. Habitat use and choice - Diversity of Fishes: Assemblages - Answer (click here)
  9. Habitat choice and spatial structure: zonation - Diversity of Fishes: Assemblages - Answer (click here)
  10. Competition - Diversity of Fishes: Assemblages - Answer (click here)
  11. Predation - Diversity of Fishes: Assemblages - Answer (click here)
  12. Synthesis: what determines assemblage structure among coral reef fishes? - Answer (click here)

Communities ecosystems and the functional role of fishes

  1. Community-level interactions between fishes and other taxonomic groups - Answer (click here)
  2. The effects of fishes on plants - Answer (click here)
  3. Effects of fishes on zooplankton - Answer (click here)
  4. Effects of fishes on benthic invertebrates - Answer (click here)
  5. Turnover rates and the inverted food pyramid - Effects of fishes - Answer (click here)
  6. Fishes in the ecosystem - Answer (click here)
  7. Indirect effects and trophic cascades - Fishes in the ecosystem - Answer (click here)
  8. Nutrient cycling and transport by fishes - Answer (click here)
  9. Fishes in food webs - Answer (click here)
  10. Fishes as producers and transporters of sand, coral, and rocks - Answer (click here)
  11. Influence of physical factors and disturbance - Diversity of Fishes - Answer (click here)

Conservation and the future of fishes

  1. Extinction and biodiversity loss - Answer (click here)
  2. Threatened and endangered fishes - Extinction and biodiversity loss - Answer (click here)
  3. General causes of biodiversity decline - Answer (click here)
  4. Habitat loss and modification - General causes of fish biodiversity decline - Answer (click here)
  5. Species introductions - General causes of fish biodiversity decline - Answer (click here)
  6. Pollution - General causes of fish biodiversity decline - Answer (click here)
  7. Commercial exploitation - General causes of fish biodiversity decline - Answer (click here)
  8. Global climate change - General causes of fish biodiversity decline - Answer (click here)
  9. What can be done against fish Biodiversity loss? - Answer (click here)
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