Anna University CSE - Computer Science Engineering 
Lecture Notes, Study Materials and Importants questions answers

1st Semister

Communicative English HS8151 - (Click Here) 
Engineering Mathematics I MA8151 - (Click Here) 
Engineering Physics PH8151 - (Click Here) 
Engineering Chemistry CY8151 - (Click Here) 
Problem Solving and Python Programming GE8151 - (Click Here) 
Engineering Graphics GE8152 - (Click Here)

2nd Semister

Technical English HS8251 - (Click Here) 
Engineering Mathematics II MA8251 - (Click Here) 
Physics for Information Science PH8252 - (Click Here) 
Basic Electrical and Electronics and Measurement Engineering BE8255 - (Click Here) 
Environmental Science and Engineering GE8291 - (Click Here) 
Programming in C CS8251 - (Click Here)

3rd Semister

Transforms and Partial Differential Equations MA6351 - (Click Here) 
Programming and Data Structure II CS6301 - (Click Here) 
Database Management Systems CS6302 - (Click Here) 
Computer Architecture CS6303 - (Click Here) 
Analog and Digital Communication CS6304 - (Click Here) 
Environmental Science and Engineering GE6351 - (Click Here)

4th Semister

Probability and Queueing Theory MA6453 - (Click Here) 
Computer Networks CS6551 - (Click Here) 
Operating Systems CS6401 - (Click Here) 
Design and Analysis of Algorithms CS6402 - (Click Here) 
Microprocessors and Microcontrollers EE6502 EC6504 - (Click Here) 
Software Engineering CS6403 - (Click Here)

5th Semister

Discrete Mathematics MA6566 - (Click Here) 
Internet Programming CS6501 - (Click Here) 
Object Oriented Analysis and Design CS6502 - (Click Here) 
Theory of Computation CS6503 - (Click Here) 
Computer Graphics CS6504 - (Click Here)

6th Semister

Distributed Systems CS6601 - (Click Here) 
Mobile Computing IT6601 - (Click Here) 
Compiler Design CS6660 - (Click Here) 
Digital Signal Processing IT6502 - (Click Here) 
Artificial Intelligence CS6659 - (Click Here) 
Total Quality Management GE6757 - (Click Here) 
Data Ware Housing and Data Mining IT6702 - (Click Here) 
Software Testing IT6004 - (Click Here)

7th Semister

Cryptography and Network Security CS6701 - (Click Here) 
Grid and Cloud Computing CS6703 - (Click Here) 
Resource Management Techniques CS6704 - (Click Here) 
Service Oriented Architecture IT6801 - (Click Here) 
Embedded and Real Time Systems EC6703 - (Click Here)

8th Semister

Multi - Core Architectures and Programming CS6801 - (Click Here) 
Professional Ethics in Engineering GE6075 - (Click Here) 


Subject : Communicative English

UNIT I

1. Listening to Informal Conversations and Participating - Answer (click here)
2. Speaking In Conversation - Answer (click here)
3. Developing Analytical Thinking - Answer (click here)
4. Effective use of SMS - Answer (click here)
5. Use of Emoticons in Email - Answer (click here)
6. Regular & Irregular Verbs - Answer (click here)
7. Active Voice & Passive Voice - Answer (click here)
8. Homonymns & Homophones - Answer (click here)

UNIT II

1. Conversation Practice - Answer (click here)
2. Writing a Book Review - Answer (click here)
3. Reading - Answer (click here)
4. Writing Summary - Answer (click here)
5. Personal Letters - Answer (click here)
6. Modal Verbs - Answer (click here)
7. Phrasal Verbs - Answer (click here)

UNIT III

1. Listening to Conversation - Answer (click here)
2. Conversation with Stress, Intonation & Pronunciation - Answer (click here)
3. Critical reading - Answer (click here)
4. Minutes of meeting - Answer (click here)
5. Writing Technical articles - Answer (click here)
6. Conditional clauses - Answer (click here)
7. Cause and effect expression - Answer (click here)
8. Same word as noun and verb - Answer (click here)
9. Homonys & Homophones Practice - Answer (click here)

UNIT IV

1. Telephone Conversations - Answer (click here)
2. Applying for a Job - Cover Letter & Resume Preparation - Answer (click here)
3. Numerical Expressions - Answer (click here)
4. Connectives (Discourse Markers) - Answer (click here)
5. Idioms and their Meanings - Using Idioms in Sentences - Answer (click here)
6. Different forms of resumes - Answer (click here)
7. Filling up a resume and cover letter - Answer (click here)

UNIT V

1. Strategies for Improving Discussion Skills - Answer (click here)
2. Note Making - Answer (click here)
3. Intensive Reading and Extensive Reading - Answer (click here)
4. Check Lists - Yes/No Question Form - Answer (click here)
5. Report Writing - Answer (click here)
6. Report of Meeting - Answer (click here)
7. Use of Clauses - Answer (click here)
8. Vocabulary- Collocation - Answer (click here)

Subject : Engineering Mathematics I

UNIT I DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS

1. Differential Calculus - Answer (click here)

UNIT II FUNCTIONS OF SEVERAL VARIABLES

1. Functions of several Variables - Answer (click here)

UNIT III INTEGRAL CALCULUS

1. Differential Calculus - Answer (click here)

UNIT IV MULTIPLE INTEGRALS

1. Multiple Integrals - Answer (click here)

UNIT V DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS

1. Ordinary Differential Equations - Answer (click here)
2. Partial Differential Equations - Answer (click here)
3. Important Questions and Answers: Partial Differential Equations - Answer (click here)
4. Formation of Partial Differential Equations - Answer (click here)
5. Solution of a Partial Differential Equation - Answer (click here)
6. Lagrange’s Linear Equation - Answer (click here)
7. Partial Differential Equations of Higher Order With Constant Coefficients - Answer (click here)
8. Non Homogeneous Linear Equations - Answer (click here)
9. Applications of Partial Differential Equations - Answer (click here)
10. Important Questions and Answers: Applications of Partial Differential Equations - Answer (click here)
11. Solution of the wave equation - Answer (click here)
12. Solution of the heat equation - Answer (click here)
13. Solution of Laplace’s equation (Two dimensional heat equation) - Answer (click here)

Subject : Engineering Physics

UNIT I PROPERTIES OF MATTER

1. Types of Stress and Strain - Answer (click here)
2. Hooke's Law - Answer (click here)
3. Types of Moduli of Elasticity - Answer (click here)
4. Factors affecting Elasticity - Answer (click here)
5. Bending of Beams - Answer (click here)
6. Modes of Heat Transer - Answer (click here)
7. Lee's Disc Method for Bad Conductors - Answer (click here)
8. Radial flow of heat - Answer (click here)

UNIT II WAVES AND FIBER OPTICS

1. Characteristics of Laser - Answer (click here)
2. Principle of Spontaneous and Stimulated emission - Einstein’s Quantum theory of radiation - Answer (click here)
3. Principle of Laser action and Methods of pumping action - Answer (click here)
4. Nd: YAG laser: Principle, Construction, Working, Characteristics, Advantages, Disadvantages and Applications - Answer (click here)
5. CO2 Molecular gas laser: Principle, Construction, Working, Characteristics, Advantages, Disadvantages and Applications - Answer (click here)
6. Solid State diode lasers - Answer (click here)
7. Semiconductor Diode laser: Principle, Construction, Working, Characteristics, Advantages, Disadvantages and Applications - Answer (click here)
8. Hetro Junction Laser: Principle, Construction, Working, Characteristics, Advantages, Disadvantages and Applications - Answer (click here)
9. Fiber Optics and Fiber Construction - Answer (click here)
10. Types of Optical Fibers - Answer (click here)
11. Difference between Step Index fiber and Graded Index fiber - Answer (click here)
12. The Fiber Optic Communication System: Principle, Working, and Advantages - Answer (click here)
13. Double Crucible Method - Answer (click here)
14. Types of Fiber Optic Sensors - Answer (click here)
15. Temperature Fiber Optic Sensor: Principle, Description and Working - Answer (click here)
16. Displacement Fiber Optic Sensor (Extrinsic Sensor): Principle, Description and Working - Answer (click here)
17. Medical Endoscope - Fiber Optic: Construction and working - Answer (click here)
18. Losses in Optical Fibers - Answer (click here)
19. Principle of operation of a Photo Detector - Answer (click here)
20. PIN Photo Diode - Answer (click here)
21. Light Emitting Diodes: Principle, Construction, Working, Advantages and Disadvantages - Answer (click here)
22. Important Short Questions and Answers: Photonics and fibre Optics - Answer (click here)

UNIT III THERMAL PHYSICS

1. Types of Stress and Strain - Answer (click here)
2. Hooke's Law - Answer (click here)
3. Types of Moduli of Elasticity - Answer (click here)
4. Factors affecting Elasticity - Answer (click here)
5. Bending of Beams - Answer (click here)
6. Modes of Heat Transer - Answer (click here)
7. Lee's Disc Method for Bad Conductors - Answer (click here)
8. Radial flow of heat - Answer (click here)

UNIT IV QUANTUM PHYSICS

1. Quantum Physics - Answer (click here)
2. Important Short Question and Answers: Quantum Physics - Answer (click here)
3. Black Body Radiation - Answer (click here)
4. Planck's Hypothesis - Answer (click here)
5. Theory Compton Effect - Answer (click here)
6. Experimental Verification of Compton Effect - Answer (click here)
7. Dual Nature of Radiation (Light) And Matter (Particles) - Matter Waves - Answer (click here)
8. Schroedinger wave equation - Answer (click here)
9. Electron microscope - Principle, Construction, Working, Advantages and Disadvantages - Answer (click here)
10. Scanning electron microscope - Principle, Construction, Working, Advantages and Disadvantages - Answer (click here)
11. Transmission Electron microscope - Principle, Construction, Working, Advantages and Disadvantages - Answer (click here)

UNIT V CRYSTAL PHYSICS

1. Crystalllography - Answer (click here)
2. Lattice Parameters or Unit Cell Parameters - Answer (click here)
3. Bravais Space Lattice - Answer (click here)
4. Lattice Planes - Answer (click here)
5. Miller Indices - Procedure for finding and Important Features - Answer (click here)
6. Separation between Lattice Planes in a cubic Crystal - Answer (click here)
7. Characteristics of the Unit Cell - Answer (click here)
8. Body centered cubic(BCC) Structure - Answer (click here)
9. Face centered cubic (FCC) Structure - Answer (click here)
10. Hexagonal Closely Packed Structure(HCP) - Answer (click here)
11. Properties of some Crystal Structure - Sodium choride, Diamond cubic - Answer (click here)
12. Crystal growth - Solidification and Crystallization - Answer (click here)
13. Czochralski technique - Answer (click here)
14. Bridgeman Technique - Answer (click here)
15. Low temperature solution growth : Slow cooling and Slow evaporation method - Answer (click here)
16. Epitaxial growth - Answer (click here)

Subject : Engineering Chemistry

UNIT I WATER AND ITS TREATMENT

1. Water Technology - Answer (click here)
2. Important Questions and Answers: Water Technology - Answer (click here)

UNIT II SURFACE CHEMISTRY AND CATALYSIS

UNIT III ALLOYS AND PHASE RULE

1. Phase Rule and Alloys - Answer (click here)

UNIT IV FUELS AND COMBUSTION

1. Fuels and Combustion - Answer (click here)
2. Important Questions and Answers: Fuels and Combustion - Answer (click here)

UNIT V ENERGY SOURCES AND STORAGE DEVICES

1. Energy Sources - Answer (click here)
2. Important Questions and Answers: Energy Sources - Answer (click here)

Subject : Problem Solving and Python Programming

Python

1. Python - Answer (click here)
2. Basic Data Types, Control Structures and Functions - Python - Answer (click here)
3. Tuples, Lists and Dictionaries - Python - Answer (click here)
4. String Processing and Regular Expressions - Python - Answer (click here)
5. Exception Handling - Python - Answer (click here)
6. Introduction to CGI Programming - Python - Answer (click here)
7. Form Processing and Business Logic - Python - Answer (click here)
8. Cookies - Python - Answer (click here)
9. Database Application Programming Interface (DB-API) - Python - Answer (click here)

UNIT I ALGORITHMIC PROBLEM SOLVING

UNIT II DATA and EXPRESSIONS and STATEMENTS

UNIT III CONTROL FLOW and FUNCTIONS

UNIT IV LISTS and TUPLES and DICTIONARIES

UNIT V FILES and MODULES and PACKAGES

Subject : Engineering Graphics

Engineering Graphics

1. Importance of Engineering Graphics - Answer (click here)
2. Plane Curves and Introduction to Orthographic - Answer (click here)
3. Projection of Straight Lines and Planes [First Angle] - Answer (click here)
4. Projection of Solids and Section of Solids - Answer (click here)
5. Development of Surfaces and Isometric Projection - Answer (click here)
6. Free Hand Sketching and Perspective Projection - Answer (click here)
7. Important Keypoints and Notation in Engineering Graphics - Answer (click here)

CONCEPTS AND CONVENTIONS (Not for Examination)

1. Importance of Engineering Graphics - Answer (click here)

UNIT I PLANE CURVES AND FREEHAND SKETCHING

1. Plane Curves and Introduction to Orthographic - Answer (click here)

UNIT II PROJECTION OF POINTS and LINES AND PLANE SURFACE

1. Projection of Straight Lines and Planes [First Angle] - Answer (click here)

UNIT III PROJECTION OF SOLIDS

1. Projection of Solids and Section of Solids - Answer (click here)

UNIT IV PROJECTION OF SECTIONED SOLIDS AND DEVELOPMENT OF SURFACES

1. Development of Surfaces and Isometric Projection - Answer (click here)

UNIT V ISOMETRIC AND PERSPECTIVE PROJECTIONS

1. Free Hand Sketching and Perspective Projection - Answer (click here)

Subject : Technical English

UNIT I

1. Listening to Informal Conversations and Participating - Answer (click here)
2. Speaking In Conversation - Answer (click here)
3. Developing Analytical Thinking - Answer (click here)
4. Effective use of SMS - Answer (click here)
5. Use of Emoticons in Email - Answer (click here)
6. Regular & Irregular Verbs - Answer (click here)
7. Active Voice & Passive Voice - Answer (click here)
8. Homonymns & Homophones - Answer (click here)

UNIT II

1. Conversation Practice - Answer (click here)
2. Writing a Book Review - Answer (click here)
3. Reading - Answer (click here)
4. Writing Summary - Answer (click here)
5. Personal Letters - Answer (click here)
6. Modal Verbs - Answer (click here)
7. Phrasal Verbs - Answer (click here)

UNIT III

1. Listening to Conversation - Answer (click here)
2. Conversation with Stress, Intonation & Pronunciation - Answer (click here)
3. Critical reading - Answer (click here)
4. Minutes of meeting - Answer (click here)
5. Writing Technical articles - Answer (click here)
6. Conditional clauses - Answer (click here)
7. Cause and effect expression - Answer (click here)
8. Same word as noun and verb - Answer (click here)
9. Homonys & Homophones Practice - Answer (click here)

UNIT IV

1. Telephone Conversations - Answer (click here)
2. Applying for a Job - Cover Letter & Resume Preparation - Answer (click here)
3. Numerical Expressions - Answer (click here)
4. Connectives (Discourse Markers) - Answer (click here)
5. Idioms and their Meanings - Using Idioms in Sentences - Answer (click here)
6. Different forms of resumes - Answer (click here)
7. Filling up a resume and cover letter - Answer (click here)

UNIT V

1. Strategies for Improving Discussion Skills - Answer (click here)
2. Note Making - Answer (click here)
3. Intensive Reading and Extensive Reading - Answer (click here)
4. Check Lists - Yes/No Question Form - Answer (click here)
5. Report Writing - Answer (click here)
6. Report of Meeting - Answer (click here)
7. Use of Clauses - Answer (click here)
8. Vocabulary- Collocation - Answer (click here)

Subject : Engineering Mathematics II

UNIT I MATRICES

1. Matrix - Answer (click here)

UNIT II VECTOR CALCULUS

1. Vector Calculus - Answer (click here)

UNIT III ANALYTIC FUNCTIONS

1. Analytic Functions - Answer (click here)

UNIT IV COMPLEX INTEGRATION

1. Complex Integration - Answer (click here)

UNIT V LAPLACE TRANSFORMS

1. Laplace Transformation - Answer (click here)

Subject : Physics for Information Science

UNIT I ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS

1. Conducting Materials - Answer (click here)
2. Important Questions and Answers: Conducting Materials - Answer (click here)
3. Conducting Materials - Answer (click here)
4. Solved Problems: Conducting Materials - Answer (click here)
5. Important Short Questions and Answers: Conducting Materials - Answer (click here)

UNIT II SEMICONDUCTOR PHYSICS

1. Semiconducting Materials - Answer (click here)
2. Important Questions and Answers: Semiconducting Materials - Answer (click here)
3. Semiconducting Materials - Answer (click here)
4. Solved Problems: Semiconducting Materials - Answer (click here)
5. Important Short Questions and Answers: Semiconducting Materials - Answer (click here)

UNIT III MAGNETIC PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS

1. Magnetic Materials - Answer (click here)
2. Important Questions and Answers: Magnetic Materials - Answer (click here)
3. Super Conducting Materials - Answer (click here)
4. Important Questions and Answers: Super Conducting Materials - Answer (click here)
5. Dielectric Materials - Answer (click here)
6. Important Questions and Answers: Dielectric Materials - Answer (click here)
7. Magnetic Materials - Answer (click here)
8. Super Conductors - Answer (click here)
9. Solved Problems: Magnetic and Superconducting Materials - Answer (click here)
10. Important Questions and Answers: Magnetic and Superconducting Materials - Answer (click here)
11. Dielectric Materials - Answer (click here)
12. Solved Problems: Dielectric Materials - Answer (click here)
13. Important Short Questions and Answers: Dielectric Materials - Answer (click here)

UNIT IV OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS

1. Characteristics of Laser - Answer (click here)
2. Principle of Spontaneous and Stimulated emission - Einstein’s Quantum theory of radiation - Answer (click here)
3. Principle of Laser action and Methods of pumping action - Answer (click here)
4. Nd: YAG laser: Principle, Construction, Working, Characteristics, Advantages, Disadvantages and Applications - Answer (click here)
5. CO2 Molecular gas laser: Principle, Construction, Working, Characteristics, Advantages, Disadvantages and Applications - Answer (click here)
6. Solid State diode lasers - Answer (click here)
7. Semiconductor Diode laser: Principle, Construction, Working, Characteristics, Advantages, Disadvantages and Applications - Answer (click here)
8. Hetro Junction Laser: Principle, Construction, Working, Characteristics, Advantages, Disadvantages and Applications - Answer (click here)
9. Fiber Optics and Fiber Construction - Answer (click here)
10. Types of Optical Fibers - Answer (click here)
11. Difference between Step Index fiber and Graded Index fiber - Answer (click here)
12. The Fiber Optic Communication System: Principle, Working, and Advantages - Answer (click here)
13. Double Crucible Method - Answer (click here)
14. Types of Fiber Optic Sensors - Answer (click here)
15. Temperature Fiber Optic Sensor: Principle, Description and Working - Answer (click here)
16. Displacement Fiber Optic Sensor (Extrinsic Sensor): Principle, Description and Working - Answer (click here)
17. Medical Endoscope - Fiber Optic: Construction and working - Answer (click here)
18. Losses in Optical Fibers - Answer (click here)
19. Principle of operation of a Photo Detector - Answer (click here)
20. PIN Photo Diode - Answer (click here)
21. Light Emitting Diodes: Principle, Construction, Working, Advantages and Disadvantages - Answer (click here)
22. Important Short Questions and Answers: Photonics and fibre Optics - Answer (click here)

UNIT V NANO DEVICES

1. Advanced Engineering Materials Metallic Glasses - Answer (click here)
2. Important Questions and Answers: Advanced Engineering Materials Metallic Glasses - Answer (click here)
3. Modern Engineering Materials - Answer (click here)
4. Important Short Questions and Answers: Modern Engineering Materials - Answer (click here)

Subject : Basic Electrical and Electronics and Measurement Engineering

UNIT I ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS ANALYSIS

1. DC Circuits and Ohm’s Law - Answer (click here)
2. AC Circuits and Kirchhoff’s law - Answer (click here)
3. Steady State Solution of DC Circuits and Problems based on ohm’s law - Answer (click here)
4. Introduction to AC Circuits - Answer (click here)
5. Star Delta transformation - Answer (click here)
6. Electrical Instruments and Classification of instruments - Answer (click here)
7. Damping Torque and Classification of Damping Damping Torque - Answer (click here)
8. Permanent Magnet Moving Coil Instruments(PMMC) - Answer (click here)
9. Operating Principles of Moving Iron Instruments Ammeters and Voltmeters - Answer (click here)
10. Dynamo meter type watt meter - Answer (click here)
11. Single phase Energy meter - Answer (click here)
12. Important Short Questions and Answers: Electric Circuits and Measurements - Answer (click here)

REFER

1. Electrical Circuits - Answer (click here)
2. Basic Electrical Measurments - Answer (click here)

UNIT II ELECTRICAL MACHINES

1. Construction of DC Machines - Answer (click here)
2. Principle of Operation of D.C. Machines - Answer (click here)
3. DC Generator E.M.F Equation - Answer (click here)
4. Types of DC Generator - Answer (click here)
5. DC Generator Characteristics - Answer (click here)
6. Application of DC Generator - Answer (click here)
7. How DC motors work? - Answer (click here)
8. Principles of DC motor Operation - Answer (click here)
9. Classification and Types of DC Motor - Answer (click here)
10. Basic Equations and Applications of DC Motor - Answer (click here)
11. Construction, Principle of Operation of Single Phase Transformer - Answer (click here)
12. Basic Equations and Applications of Single Phase Transformer - Answer (click here)
13. EMF Equation of Transformer - Answer (click here)
14. Transformer on No Load and Load - Answer (click here)
15. Equivalent Circuit of Transformer - Answer (click here)
16. Voltage Regulation of Transformer - Answer (click here)
17. Construction, Principle of Operation and Starting methods of Single phase induction Motor - Answer (click here)
18. Types of Single phase induction Motor - Answer (click here)
19. Important Short Questions and Answers: Basic Electrical Mechanics - Answer (click here)

REFER

1. DC Generator - Answer (click here)
2. DC Motor - Answer (click here)
3. Transformer - Answer (click here)
4. Induction motors - Answer (click here)

UNIT III UTILIZATION OF ELECTRICAL POWER

1. Merits and Advantages of electric traction - Answer (click here)
2. Requirements of an ideal traction system - Answer (click here)
3. AC and DC Supply Systems in Electric Traction or System of Track - Answer (click here)
4. Mechanics of train movement - Answer (click here)
5. Traction motors and control - Answer (click here)
6. Electric braking - Answer (click here)
7. Recent trends in electric traction - Answer (click here)
8. Track Equipment and Current Collecting System - Answer (click here)
9. Important Short Questions and Answers: Electric Drives and Traction - Answer (click here)
10. Illumination: Introduction - Answer (click here)
11. Importance of lighting - Answer (click here)
12. Properties of good lighting scheme - Answer (click here)
13. Laws of illumination - Answer (click here)
14. Classification of light sources or lamps - Answer (click here)
15. High Pressure Mercury Vapour Lamp - Answer (click here)
16. Incandescent lamp - Answer (click here)
17. Gaseous discharge lamps - Answer (click here)
18. Sodium Vapour Lamp - Answer (click here)
19. Fluorescent Lamp - Answer (click here)
20. Lighting Calculations - Answer (click here)
21. Design of lighting system - Answer (click here)
22. Types of Lighting - Answer (click here)
23. Industrial Luminaries - Answer (click here)
24. Road Lighting - Answer (click here)
25. Flood Lights - Answer (click here)
26. Glare Evaluation - Answer (click here)
27. Interior Lighting - Answer (click here)
28. Sports Lighting - Answer (click here)
29. Energy Efficient Lighting : LED and CFL - Answer (click here)
30. Important Short Questions and Answers: Illumination - Answer (click here)
31. Electric Heating Introduction - Answer (click here)
32. Role electric heating for industrial applications - Answer (click here)
33. Requirement of Heating Material - Answer (click here)
34. Advantage of Electric Heating - Answer (click here)
35. Mode of Heat Transfer - Answer (click here)
36. Classification of Methods of Electric Heating - Answer (click here)
37. Resistance Heating: Types, Advantages, Application - Answer (click here)
38. Induction heating: Types, Advantages, Application - Answer (click here)
39. Dielectric heating: Advantages, Application - Answer (click here)
40. Electric arc furnaces: Advantages, Application - Answer (click here)
41. Introduction to electric welding - Answer (click here)
42. Types of electric welding - Answer (click here)
43. Resistance welding - Answer (click here)
44. Arc welding - Answer (click here)
45. Welding Generator - A.C Supply - Answer (click here)
46. Welding Transformer - Answer (click here)
47. Laser Beam Welding - Answer (click here)
48. Important Short Questions and Answers: Industrial Heating and Welding - Answer (click here)
49. Solar Radiation and Solar Energy Collectors - Answer (click here)
50. Solar Spectrum - Answer (click here)
51. Solar Constant - Answer (click here)
52. Solar Radiation at the Earth’s Surface - Answer (click here)
53. Solar Radiaion Geometry - Answer (click here)
54. Solar Radiation Data - Answer (click here)
55. Physical Principles of the Conversion of Solar Radiation Into Heat - Answer (click here)
56. Flat Plate Collectors: Principle, Components, Types - Answer (click here)
57. Transmissivity of the Cover System on Flat Plate Collectors - Answer (click here)
58. Overall Loss Coefficient and Heat Transfer Correlations - Answer (click here)
59. Flat Plate Collector Efficiency Factor - Answer (click here)
60. Concentrating Collectors - Answer (click here)
61. Concentrating Collectors: Definitions - Answer (click here)
62. Types of Concentrating Collectors - Answer (click here)
63. Thermal Analysis of Concentrating Collectors - Answer (click here)
64. Advantages and Disadvantages of Concentrating Collectors - Answer (click here)
65. Cylindrical Parabolic Concentrating Collector - Answer (click here)
66. Performance Analysis of Cylindrical Parabolic Concentrating Collector - Answer (click here)
67. A Grid Tie Inverter for Solar PV System - Answer (click here)
68. Important Short Questions and Answers: Solar Radiation and Solar Energy Collectors - Answer (click here)
69. Wind Energy - Answer (click here)
70. Basic Principles of Wind Energy Conversion - Answer (click here)
71. Wind Energy Conversion - Answer (click here)
72. Site Selection Consideration For WECS(Wind Energy Conversion) - Answer (click here)
73. Types of Wind Turbines - Answer (click here)
74. Horizontal Axis Wind Turbines (HAWT): Schematic Structure, Advantage, Disadvantages - Answer (click here)
75. Vertical Axis Wind Turbines(VAWT): Schematic Structure, Advantage, Disadvantages - Answer (click here)
76. Darrieus Wind Turbine: Detail, Advantage, Disadvantages - Answer (click here)
77. Savonius wind turbine: Schematic Structure, Advantage, Disadvantages - Answer (click here)
78. Classification Of WECS (Wind Energy Conversion) - Answer (click here)
79. Structure and components of wind mill - Answer (click here)
80. Analysis of Aerodynamic Forces Acting on the Blade - Answer (click here)
81. Performance of Wind Machines - Answer (click here)
82. Important Short Question and Answers: Wind Energy - Answer (click here)

UNIT IV ELECTRONIC CIRCUITS

1. Binary Number System - Answer (click here)
2. The Binary Number System - Answer (click here)
3. Converting Between Binary Numbers and Decimal Numbers - Answer (click here)
4. Hexadecimal Numbers - Answer (click here)
5. Binary Coded Decimal Numbers - Answer (click here)
6. Logic Gates - Answer (click here)
7. Boolean Algebra - Answer (click here)
8. Adder - Answer (click here)
9. Flip Flop - Answer (click here)
10. Counters: Synchronous Counter and Asynchronous Up Down Counter - Answer (click here)
11. Analog to Digital Conversion(ADC) - Answer (click here)
12. Digital to Analog Converter(DAC) - Answer (click here)
13. Important Short Question and Answers: Digital Electronics - Answer (click here)
14. Types of signal: Analog signal and digital signal - Answer (click here)
15. Principles of Amplitude modulation - Answer (click here)
16. Principle of frequency modulation - Answer (click here)
17. Block diagram of radio - Answer (click here)
18. Block diagram of television transmitter - Answer (click here)
19. Microwave communication - Answer (click here)
20. Satellite communication - Answer (click here)
21. Optical fiber communication - Answer (click here)
22. Important Short Question and Answers: Foundamentals of Communication Enginnering - Answer (click here)
23. Technical terms in Basic Electrical and electronics - Answer (click here)

REFER

1. Combinational Logic Circuits - Answer (click here)
2. Multiplexer and De-multiplexer - Answer (click here)
3. The Digital Encoder - Answer (click here)
4. Binary Adder and Subtractor - Answer (click here)
5. The Digital Comparator - Answer (click here)
6. Parity Generator and Checker - Answer (click here)
7. Comparison with other logic families - Answer (click here)
8. Complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) - Answer (click here)
9. Sequential Logic Circuit - Answer (click here)
10. SR, JK and Master-Slave JK Flip-Flop - Answer (click here)
11. Data Latch - Answer (click here)
12. synchronous and counter - Answer (click here)
13. Shift Registers - Answer (click here)
14. Fundamentals of Communication Engineering - Answer (click here)

UNIT V ELECTRICAL MEASUREMENT

1. D.C and A.C Bridges - Answer (click here)
2. Wheatstone bridge(Null-type, D.C. bridge) - Answer (click here)
3. Deflection-type D.C. bridge - Answer (click here)
4. Null-type impedance A.C bridge - Answer (click here)
5. Maxwell bridge: Definition, Circuit Diagram, Explanation, Advantages and Disadvantages - Answer (click here)
6. Schering Bridge: Definition, Circuit Diagram, Explanation, Advantages - Answer (click here)
7. Hay Bridge: Definition, Circuit Diagram, Explanation, Advantages and Disadvantages - Answer (click here)
8. Wien bridge: Definition, Circuit Diagram, Explanation, Advantages - Answer (click here)
9. Transformer Ratio Bridges & Self-Balancing Bridges - Answer (click here)
10. Transducers - Answer (click here)
11. Classification of Electrical Transducers - Answer (click here)
12. Advantages and Disadvantages of Electrical Transducers - Answer (click here)
13. Characteristics of Transducer - Answer (click here)
14. Transducer Selection Factors - Answer (click here)
15. Resistance Transducers - Answer (click here)
16. Resistance Thermometers: Construction, Advantages, Limitations - Answer (click here)
17. Thermistors: Construction, Advantages, Limitations - Answer (click here)
18. Capacitive Transducers and its Application - Answer (click here)
19. Inductive Transducers - Answer (click here)
20. Digital Transducers - Answer (click here)
21. Static and Dynamic Characteristics of Measurement - Answer (click here)
22. Errors in Measurement - Answer (click here)
23. Strain gauge: Principle of Working, Materials Used, Applications - Answer (click here)
24. Capacitive Transducers - Answer (click here)
25. Piezo electric transducer - Answer (click here)
26. Variable Inductive Transducers: LVDT and RVDT - Answer (click here)
27. Important Short Questions and Answers: Basics of Measurement and Instrumentation - Answer (click here)
28. Digital Voltmeter (DVM) - Answer (click here)
29. Digital Multi Meter (DMM) - Answer (click here)
30. Storage oscilloscope - Answer (click here)
31. Wheat stone bridge and Kelvin’s double bridge - Answer (click here)
32. Q-Meter - Answer (click here)
33. Important Short Questions and Answers: Analog and Digital Instruments - Answer (click here)

REFER

1. D.C and A.C Bridges - Answer (click here)
2. Wheatstone bridge(Null-type, D.C. bridge) - Answer (click here)
3. Deflection-type D.C. bridge - Answer (click here)
4. Null-type impedance A.C bridge - Answer (click here)
5. Maxwell bridge: Definition, Circuit Diagram, Explanation, Advantages and Disadvantages - Answer (click here)
6. Schering Bridge: Definition, Circuit Diagram, Explanation, Advantages - Answer (click here)
7. Hay Bridge: Definition, Circuit Diagram, Explanation, Advantages and Disadvantages - Answer (click here)
8. Wien bridge: Definition, Circuit Diagram, Explanation, Advantages - Answer (click here)
9. Transformer Ratio Bridges & Self-Balancing Bridges - Answer (click here)
10. Digital Voltmeter (DVM) - Answer (click here)
11. Digital Multi Meter (DMM) - Answer (click here)
12. Storage oscilloscope - Answer (click here)
13. Wheat stone bridge and Kelvin’s double bridge - Answer (click here)
14. Q-Meter - Answer (click here)
15. Important Short Questions and Answers: Analog and Digital Instruments - Answer (click here)

Subject : Environmental Science and Engineering

UNIT I ENVIRONMENT and ECOSYSTEMS AND BIODIVERSITY

1. Definitions and Scope of Environmental Science - Answer (click here)
2. Concept, Structure, Components of Ecosystem - Answer (click here)
3. Structure and Function of Forest Ecosystem(Terrestrial Ecosystem) - Answer (click here)
4. Structure and functions of Grassland Ecosystems - Answer (click here)
5. Structure and Functions of Desert Ecosystms - Answer (click here)
6. Aquatic ecosystems - Answer (click here)
7. Energy Flow in Ecosystem - Answer (click here)
8. Ecological pyramid - Answer (click here)
9. Nutrient cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen and phosphorus cycle - Answer (click here)
10. Ecological succession - Answer (click here)
11. Biodiversity - Answer (click here)
12. Levels and Values of Biodiversity - Answer (click here)
13. Hot-Spots of Biodiversity - Answer (click here)
14. Threats to Biodiversity - Answer (click here)
15. Man-Wildlife Conflicts and Endangered Species - Answer (click here)
16. Conservation of Biodiversity - Answer (click here)
17. Important Short Questions and Answers: Environment, Ecosystems and Biodiversity - Answer (click here)

UNIT II ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION

1. Environmental pollution - Answer (click here)
2. Classification of Pollution - Answer (click here)
3. Nuclear Hazards - Answer (click here)
4. Management of solid waste - Answer (click here)
5. Disaster Management - Answer (click here)
6. Important Short Questions and Answers: Environmental Pollution - Answer (click here)

UNIT III NATURAL RESOURCES

1. Forest Resources - Answer (click here)
2. Deforestation - Answer (click here)
3. Water Resources - Answer (click here)
4. Mineral Resources - Answer (click here)
5. Food Resources - Answer (click here)
6. Energy Resources - Answer (click here)
7. Renewable Energy Resources and Methods of Harvesting - Answer (click here)
8. Non-Reneable Energy Sources - Answer (click here)
9. Nuclear Energy - Answer (click here)
10. Uses of Alternate (Renewable) Energy Sources - Answer (click here)
11. Land Resources - Answer (click here)
12. Desertification: Harmful effect and Causes - Answer (click here)
13. Landslides: Causes and Harmful effect - Answer (click here)
14. Conservation of Natural Resources - Role of an Individual - Answer (click here)
15. Equitable Use of Resources for Sustainable Life Style - Answer (click here)
16. Important Short Questions and Answers: Natural Resources - Answer (click here)

UNIT IV SOCIAL ISSUES AND THE ENVIRONMENT

1. Social Issues and the Environment - Answer (click here)
2. Important Short Questions and Answers: Social Issues and the Environment - Answer (click here)

UNIT V HUMAN POPULATION AND THE ENVIRONMENT

1. Human Population and the Environment - Answer (click here)
2. Important Short Questions and Answers: Human Population and the Environment - Answer (click here)

Subject : Programming in C

UNIT I BASICS OF C PROGRAMMING

1. Generations of Computers - Answer (click here)
2. Classification of Computers - Answer (click here)
3. Basic Computer Organization - Answer (click here)
4. Number Systems - Answer (click here)
5. Algorithm, Pseudocode and Flowchart - Answer (click here)
6. C Programming Basics - Answer (click here)

UNIT II ARRAYS AND STRINGS

1. Arrays - C Programming - Answer (click here)
2. Strings - C Programming - Answer (click here)

UNIT III FUNCTIONS AND POINTERS

1. Functions - C Programming - Answer (click here)
2. C Pointer- C Programming - Answer (click here)

UNIT IV STRUCTURES

1. Structures - C Programming - Answer (click here)
2. Structures and Unions - C Programming - Answer (click here)

UNIT V FILE PROCESSING

Subject : Transforms and Partial Differential Equations

PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS

1. Partial Differential Equations - Answer (click here)
2. Important Questions and Answers: Partial Differential Equations - Answer (click here)
3. Formation of Partial Differential Equations - Answer (click here)
4. Solution of a Partial Differential Equation - Answer (click here)
5. Lagrange’s Linear Equation - Answer (click here)
6. Partial Differential Equations of Higher Order With Constant Coefficients - Answer (click here)
7. Non Homogeneous Linear Equations - Answer (click here)

FOURIER SERIES

1. Fourier Series - Answer (click here)
2. Important Questions and Answers: Fourier Series - Answer (click here)
3. Periodic Functions - Answer (click here)
4. Even and Odd functions - Answer (click here)
5. Half Range Series - Answer (click here)
6. Parseval’s Theorem and Change of Interval - Answer (click here)
7. Harmonic Analysis - Answer (click here)
8. Formula For Fourier Series - Answer (click here)

APPLICATIONS OF PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS

1. Applications of Partial Differential Equations - Answer (click here)
2. Important Questions and Answers: Applications of Partial Differential Equations - Answer (click here)
3. Solution of the wave equation - Answer (click here)
4. Solution of the heat equation - Answer (click here)
5. Solution of Laplace’s equation (Two dimensional heat equation) - Answer (click here)

FOURIER TRANSFORMS

1. Fourier Transforms - Answer (click here)
2. Important Questions and Answers: Fourier Transforms - Answer (click here)
3. Fourier Transforms and its properties - Answer (click here)

Z TRANSFORMS AND DIFFERENCE EQUATIONS

1. Z-Transforms and Difference Equations - Answer (click here)
2. Important Questions and Answers: Z-Transforms and Difference Equations - Answer (click here)
3. Linear Difference Equations - Answer (click here)
4. Z - Transforms and its Properties - Answer (click here)
5. Inverse Z-Transforms - Answer (click here)
6. Application of Z - transform to Difference equations - Answer (click here)

Subject : Programming and Data Structure II

OBJECT ORIENTED PROGRAMMING FUNDAMENTALS

1. C++ Programming Features - Answer (click here)
2. Data Abstraction - Answer (click here)
3. Data encapsulation - Answer (click here)
4. Class - Answer (click here)
5. Objects - Answer (click here)
6. Constructor - Answer (click here)
7. Static Members - Answer (click here)
8. Constant Members - Answer (click here)
9. Member Functions - Answer (click here)
10. Pointers - Answer (click here)
11. References - Answer (click here)
12. Role of this Pointer - Answer (click here)
13. Storage class - Answer (click here)
14. Function as Arguments - Answer (click here)

OBJECT ORIENTED PROGRAMMING CONCEPTS

1. String Handling - Answer (click here)
2. Copy Constructor - Answer (click here)
3. Polymorphism - Answer (click here)
4. Function Overloading - Answer (click here)
5. Operator Overloading - Answer (click here)
6. Dynamic Memory Allocation - Answer (click here)
7. Nested Classes - Answer (click here)
8. Inheritance and its Type - Answer (click here)
9. Virtual Functions - Answer (click here)

C Plus PROGRAMMING ADVANCED FEATURES

1. Abstract Class - Answer (click here)
2. Exception Handling - Answer (click here)
3. Standard Libraries - Answer (click here)
4. Generic Programming - Answer (click here)
5. Templates: Class and function templates - Answer (click here)
6. Containers - Answer (click here)
7. Iterators - Answer (click here)
8. Function Adaptors - Answer (click here)
9. Allocators - Answer (click here)
10. Parameterizing the Classes - Answer (click here)
11. File Handling Concepts - Answer (click here)

ADVANCED NON

1. Tree Introduction - Answer (click here)
2. Binary Tree ADT: Implementation, Types, Application, Comparison - Answer (click here)
3. Binary search tree ADT - Answer (click here)
4. AVL Trees - Answer (click here)
5. B-trees - Answer (click here)
6. Red–black tree - Answer (click here)
7. Splay trees - Answer (click here)
8. Binomial Heaps - Answer (click here)
9. Fibonacci Heaps - Answer (click here)
10. Disjoint Sets data structure - Answer (click here)
11. Amortized analysis - Answer (click here)
12. Accounting Method - Answer (click here)
13. Potential Method - Answer (click here)
14. Aggregate Analysis - Answer (click here)

GRAPHS

1. Representation of Graphs - Answer (click here)
2. Breadth First Traversal - Answer (click here)
3. Depth First Traversal - Answer (click here)
4. Topological Sort - Answer (click here)
5. Minimum Spanning Trees - Answer (click here)
6. Kruskal's algorithm - Answer (click here)
7. Prim’s Algorithm - Answer (click here)
8. Shortest Path Algorithms - Answer (click here)
9. Dijkstra’s Algorithm - Answer (click here)
10. Bellman-Ford Algorithm - Answer (click here)
11. Floyd - Warshall Algorithm - Answer (click here)

Subject : Database Management Systems

INTRODUCTION TO DBMS

1. Trust Management in Virtualized Data Centers - Answer (click here)
2. Introduction to DBMS(Database Management Systems) - Answer (click here)
3. Purpose of Database Systems - Answer (click here)
4. File systems vs Database systems - Answer (click here)
5. Database System Terminologies - Answer (click here)
6. Data Models - Answer (click here)
7. Components of DBMS - Answer (click here)
8. Relational Algebra - Answer (click here)
9. ER Model - Answer (click here)
10. Functional Dependencies Definition - Answer (click here)
11. Database Normalization - Answer (click here)
12. Data Anomalies - Answer (click here)

SQL and QUERY OPTIMIZATION

1. SQL Overview - Answer (click here)
2. Data Types in SQL - Answer (click here)
3. object-oriented database management system - Answer (click here)
4. Data Definition Language or Data Description Language(DDL) - Answer (click here)
5. Data Manipulation Language (DML) - Answer (click here)
6. Data Control Language(DCL) - Answer (click here)
7. Transaction Control Language (TCL) - Answer (click here)
8. Embedded SQL - Answer (click here)
9. Query Processing and Optimization (QPO) - Answer (click here)

TRANSACTION PROCESSING AND CONCURRENCY CONTROL

1. Transaction Processing - Answer (click here)
2. Introduction to Concurrency - Answer (click here)
3. Lock - Answer (click here)
4. Two-Phase Locking Techniques: The algorithm - Answer (click here)

TRENDS IN DATABASE TECHNOLOGY

1. Physical Storage Media - Answer (click here)
2. RAID: Redundant Arrays of Independent Disks - Answer (click here)
3. File Operations - Answer (click here)
4. Hashing - Answer (click here)
5. Indexing - Answer (click here)
6. B+-Tree Index Files - Answer (click here)
7. Data Warehouse - Answer (click here)
8. Data Mining - Answer (click here)
9. Mobile Databases - Answer (click here)
10. Spatial Database Types of Spatial Data - Answer (click here)
11. Multi-dimensional Indexes - Answer (click here)

ADVANCED TOPICS

FUNDAMENTALS OF Database Systems by Ramez Elmasri and Shamkant B Navathe

PART 1 Introduction to Databases

chapter 1 Databases and Database Users

1. Databases and Database Users - Answer (click here)
2. An Example - Databases and Database Users - Answer (click here)
3. Characteristics of the Database Approach - Answer (click here)
4. Actors on the Scene - Databases and Database Users - Answer (click here)
5. Workers behind the Scene - Databases and Database Users - Answer (click here)
6. Advantages of Using the DBMS Approach - Answer (click here)
7. A Brief History of Database Applications - Answer (click here)
8. When Not to Use a DBMS - Answer (click here)

chapter 2 Database System Concepts and Architecture

1. Database System Concepts and Architecture - Answer (click here)
2. Data Models, Schemas, and Instances - Answer (click here)
3. Three-Schema Architecture and Data Independence - Answer (click here)
4. Database Languages and Interfaces - Answer (click here)
5. The Database System Environment - Answer (click here)
6. Centralized and Client/Server Architectures for DBMSs - Answer (click here)
7. Classification of Database Management Systems - Answer (click here)

PART 2 The Relational Data Model and SQL

chapter 3 The Relational Data Model and Relational Database Constraints

1. The Relational Data Model and Relational Database Constraints - Answer (click here)
2. Relational Model Concepts - Answer (click here)
3. Relational Model Constraints and Relational Database Schemas - Answer (click here)
4. Update Operations, Transactions, and Dealing with Constraint Violations - Answer (click here)

chapter 4 Basic SQL

1. Basic SQL - Answer (click here)
2. SQL Data Definition and Data Types - Answer (click here)
3. Specifying Constraints in SQL - Answer (click here)
4. Basic Retrieval Queries in SQL - Answer (click here)
5. INSERT, DELETE, and UPDATE Statements in SQL - Answer (click here)
6. Additional Features of SQL - Answer (click here)

chapter 5 More SQL Complex Queries Triggers Views and Schema Modification

1. More SQL: Complex Queries, Triggers, Views, and Schema Modification - Answer (click here)
2. More Complex SQL Retrieval Queries - Answer (click here)
3. Specifying Constraints as Assertions and Actions as Triggers - Answer (click here)
4. Views (Virtual Tables) in SQL - Answer (click here)
5. Schema Change Statements in SQL - Answer (click here)

chapter 6 The Relational Algebra and Relational Calculus

1. The Relational Algebra and Relational Calculus - Answer (click here)
2. Unary Relational Operations: SELECT and PROJECT - Answer (click here)
3. Relational Algebra Operations from Set Theory - Answer (click here)
4. Binary Relational Operations: JOIN and DIVISION - Answer (click here)
5. Additional Relational Operations - Answer (click here)
6. Examples of Queries in Relational Algebra - Answer (click here)
7. The Tuple Relational Calculus - Answer (click here)
8. The Domain Relational Calculus - Answer (click here)

PART 3 Conceptual Modeling and Database Design

chapter 7 Data Modeling Using the Entity Relationship ER Model

1. Data Modeling Using the Entity-Relationship (ER) Model - Answer (click here)
2. Using High-Level Conceptual Data Models for Database Design - Answer (click here)
3. A Sample Database Application - Answer (click here)
4. Entity Types, Entity Sets, Attributes, and Keys - Answer (click here)
5. Relationship Types, Relationship Sets, Roles, and Structural Constraints - Answer (click here)
6. Weak Entity Types - Answer (click here)
7. Refining the ER Design for the COMPANY Database - Answer (click here)
8. ER Diagrams, Naming Conventions, and Design Issues - Answer (click here)
9. Example of Other Notation: UML Class Diagrams - Answer (click here)
10. Relationship Types of Degree Higher than Two - Answer (click here)

chapter 8 The Enhanced Entity Relationship EER MODEL

1. The Enhanced Entity-Relationship (EER) Model - Answer (click here)
2. Subclasses, Superclasses, and Inheritance - Answer (click here)
3. Specialization and Generalization - Answer (click here)
4. Constraints and Characteristics of Specialization and Generalization Hierarchies - Answer (click here)
5. Modeling of UNION Types Using Categories - Answer (click here)
6. A Sample UNIVERSITY EER Schema, Design Choices, and Formal Definitions - Answer (click here)
7. Example of Other Notation: Representing Specialization and Generalization in UML Class Diagrams - Answer (click here)
8. Data Abstraction, Knowledge Representation, and Ontology Concepts - Answer (click here)

chapter 9 Relational Database Design by ER and EER to Relational Mapping

1. Relational Database Design by ER- and EER-to-Relational Mapping - Answer (click here)
2. Relational Database Design Using ER-to-Relational Mapping - Answer (click here)
3. Mapping EER Model Constructs to Relations - Answer (click here)

chapter 10 Practical Database Design Methodology and Use of UML Diagrams

1. Practical Database Design Methodology and Use of UML Diagrams - Answer (click here)
2. The Role of Information Systems in Organizations - Answer (click here)
3. The Database Design and Implementation Process - Answer (click here)
4. The Database Design and Implementation Process: Phase 1: Requirements Collection and Analysis - Answer (click here)
5. The Database Design and Implementation Process: Phase 2: Conceptual Database Design - Answer (click here)
6. The Database Design and Implementation Process: Phase 3: Choice of a DBMS - Answer (click here)
7. Database Design and Implementation Process: Phase 4: Data Model Mapping (Logical Database Design) - Answer (click here)
8. Database Design and Implementation Process: Phase 5: Physical Database Design - Answer (click here)
9. Database Design and Implementation Process: Phase 6: Database System Implementation and Tuning - Answer (click here)
10. Use of UML Diagrams as an Aid to Database Design Specification - Answer (click here)
11. Rational Rose: A UML-Based Design Tool - Answer (click here)
12. Automated Database Design Tools - Answer (click here)

PART 4 Object Object Relational and XML Concepts Models Languages and Standards

chapter 11 Object and Object Relational Databases

1. Object and Object-Relational Databases - Answer (click here)
2. Overview of Object Database Concepts - Answer (click here)
3. Introduction to Object-Oriented Concepts and Features - Answer (click here)
4. Object Identity, and Objects versus Literals - Answer (click here)
5. Complex Type Structures for Objects and Literals - Answer (click here)
6. Encapsulation of Operations and Persistence of Objects - Answer (click here)
7. Type Hierarchies and Inheritance - Answer (click here)
8. Object-Relational Features: Object Database Extensions to SQL - Answer (click here)
9. The ODMG Object Model and the Object Definition Language ODL - Answer (click here)
10. Object Database Conceptual Design - Answer (click here)
11. The Object Query Language OQL - Answer (click here)
12. Overview of the C++ Language Binding in the ODMG Standard - Answer (click here)

chapter 12 XML Extensible Markup Language

1. XML: Extensible Markup Language - Answer (click here)
2. Structured, Semistructured, and Unstructured Data - Answer (click here)
3. XML Hierarchical (Tree) Data Model - Answer (click here)
4. XML Documents, DTD, and XML Schema - Answer (click here)
5. Storing and Extracting XML Documents from Databases - Answer (click here)
6. XML Languages - Answer (click here)
7. Extracting XML Documents from Relational Databases - Answer (click here)

PART 5 Database Programming Techniques

chapter 13 Introduction to SQL Programming TECHNIQUES

1. Introduction to SQL Programming Techniques - Answer (click here)
2. Database Programming: Techniques and Issues - Answer (click here)
3. Embedded SQL, Dynamic SQL, and SQLJ - Answer (click here)
4. Retrieving Single Tuples with Embedded SQL - Answer (click here)
5. Retrieving Multiple Tuples with Embedded SQL Using Cursors - Answer (click here)
6. Specifying Queries at Runtime Using Dynamic SQL - Answer (click here)
7. SQLJ: Embedding SQL Commands in Java - Answer (click here)
8. Retrieving Multiple Tuples in SQLJ Using Iterators - Answer (click here)
9. Database Programming with Function Calls: SQL/CLI and JDBC - Answer (click here)
10. Database Stored Procedures and SQL/PSM - Answer (click here)
11. Comparing the Three Approaches - Answer (click here)

chapter 14 Web Database Programming Using PHP

1. Web Database Programming Using PHP - Answer (click here)
2. A Simple PHP Example - Answer (click here)
3. Overview of Basic Features of PHP - Answer (click here)
4. Overview of PHP Database Programming - Answer (click here)

PART 6 Database Design Theory and Normalization

chapter 15 Basics of Functional Dependencies and Normalization or Relational Databases

1. Basics of Functional Dependencies and Normalization for Relational Databases - Answer (click here)
2. Informal Design Guidelines for Relation Schemas - Answer (click here)
3. Functional Dependencies - Answer (click here)
4. Normal Forms Based on Primary Keys - Answer (click here)
5. General Definitions of Second and Third Normal Forms - Answer (click here)
6. Boyce-Codd Normal Form - Answer (click here)
7. Multivalued Dependency and Fourth Normal Form - Answer (click here)
8. Join Dependencies and Fifth Normal Form - Answer (click here)

chapter 16 Relational Database Design Algorithms and Further Dependencies

1. Relational Database Design Algorithms and Further Dependencies - Answer (click here)
2. Further Topics in Functional Dependencies: Inference Rules, Equivalence, and Minimal Cover - Answer (click here)
3. Properties of Relational Decompositions - Answer (click here)
4. Algorithms for Relational Database Schema Design - Answer (click here)
5. About Nulls, Dangling Tuples, and Alternative Relational Designs - Answer (click here)
6. Further Discussion of Multivalued Dependencies and 4NF - Answer (click here)
7. Other Dependencies and Normal Forms - Answer (click here)

PART 7 File Structures Indexing and Hashing

chapter 17 Disk Storage Basic File Structures and Hashing

1. Disk Storage, Basic File Structures, and Hashing - Answer (click here)
2. Secondary Storage Devices - Answer (click here)
3. Buffering of Blocks - Answer (click here)
4. Placing File Records on Disk - Answer (click here)
5. Operations on Files - Answer (click here)
6. Files of Unordered Records (Heap Files) - Answer (click here)
7. Files of Ordered Records (Sorted Files) - Answer (click here)
8. Hashing Techniques - Answer (click here)
9. Internal Hashing - Answer (click here)
10. External Hashing for Disk Files - Answer (click here)
11. Hashing Techniques That Allow Dynamic File Expansion - Answer (click here)
12. Other Primary File Organizations - Answer (click here)
13. Parallelizing Disk Access Using RAID Technology - Answer (click here)
14. New Storage Systems - Answer (click here)

chapter 18 Indexing Structures for Files

1. Indexing Structures for Files - Answer (click here)
2. Types of Single-Level Ordered Indexes - Answer (click here)
3. Multilevel Indexes - Answer (click here)
4. Dynamic Multilevel Indexes Using B-Trees and B+-Trees - Answer (click here)
5. Search Trees and B-Trees - Answer (click here)
6. B+-Trees - Answer (click here)
7. Indexes on Multiple Keys - Answer (click here)
8. Other Types of Indexes - Answer (click here)
9. Some General Issues Concerning Indexing - Answer (click here)

PART 8 Query Processing and Optimization and Database Tuning

chapter 19 Algorithms for Query Processing and Optimization

1. Algorithms for Query Processing and Optimization - Answer (click here)
2. Translating SQL Queries into Relational Algebra - Answer (click here)
3. Algorithms for External Sorting - Answer (click here)
4. Implementing the SELECT Operation and Algorithms - Answer (click here)
5. Implementing the JOIN Operation and Algorithms - Answer (click here)
6. Algorithms for PROJECT and Set Operations - Answer (click here)
7. Implementing Aggregate Operations and OUTER JOINs - Answer (click here)
8. Combining Operations Using Pipelining - Answer (click here)
9. Using Heuristics in Query Optimization - Answer (click here)
10. Using Selectivity and Cost Estimates in Query Optimization - Answer (click here)
11. Cost Components for Query Execution - Answer (click here)
12. Catalog Information Used in Cost Functions - Answer (click here)
13. Examples of Cost Functions for SELECT - Answer (click here)
14. Examples of Cost Functions for JOIN - Answer (click here)
15. Multiple Relation Queries and JOIN Ordering - Answer (click here)
16. Example to Illustrate Cost-Based Query Optimization - Answer (click here)
17. Overview of Query Optimization in Oracle - Answer (click here)
18. Semantic Query Optimization - Answer (click here)

chapter 20 Physical Database Design and Tuning

1. Physical Database Design and Tuning - Answer (click here)
2. Physical Database Design in Relational Databases - Answer (click here)
3. Factors That Influence Physical Database Design - Answer (click here)
4. Physical Database Design Decisions - Answer (click here)
5. An Overview of Database Tuning in Relational Systems - Answer (click here)

PART 9 Transaction Processing Concurrency Control and Recovery

chapter 21 Introduction to Transaction Processing Concepts and Theory

1. Introduction to Transaction Processing Concepts and Theory - Answer (click here)
2. Introduction to Transaction Processing - Answer (click here)
3. Transaction and System Concepts - Answer (click here)
4. Desirable Properties of Transactions - Answer (click here)
5. Characterizing Schedules Based on Recoverability - Answer (click here)
6. Characterizing Schedules Based on Serializability - Answer (click here)
7. Transaction Support in SQL - Answer (click here)

chapter 22 Concurrency Control Techniques

1. Concurrency Control Techniques - Answer (click here)
2. Two-Phase Locking Techniques for Concurrency Control - Answer (click here)
3. Concurrency Control Based on Timestamp Ordering - Answer (click here)
4. Multiversion Concurrency Control Techniques - Answer (click here)
5. Validation (Optimistic) Concurrency Control Techniques - Answer (click here)
6. Granularity of Data Items and Multiple Granularity Locking - Answer (click here)
7. Using Locks for Concurrency Control in Indexes - Answer (click here)
8. Other Concurrency Control Issues - Answer (click here)

chapter 23 Database Recovery Techniques

1. Database Recovery Techniques - Answer (click here)
2. Recovery Concepts - Answer (click here)
3. NO-UNDO/REDO Recovery Based on Deferred Update - Answer (click here)
4. Recovery Techniques Based on Immediate Update - Answer (click here)
5. Shadow Paging - Answer (click here)
6. The ARIES Recovery Algorithm - Answer (click here)
7. Recovery in Multidatabase Systems - Answer (click here)
8. Database Backup and Recovery from Catastrophic Failures - Answer (click here)

PART 10 Additional Database Topics Security and Distribution

chapter 24 Database Security

1. Database Security - Answer (click here)
2. Introduction to Database Security Issues - Answer (click here)
3. Discretionary Access Control Based on Granting and Revoking Privileges - Answer (click here)
4. Mandatory Access Control and Role-Based Access Control for Multilevel Security - Answer (click here)
5. SQL Injection - Answer (click here)
6. Introduction to Statistical Database Security - Answer (click here)
7. Introduction to Flow Control - Answer (click here)
8. Encryption and Public Key Infrastructures - Answer (click here)
9. Privacy Issues and Preservation - Answer (click here)
10. Challenges of Database Security - Answer (click here)
11. Oracle Label-Based Security - Answer (click here)

chapter 25 Distributed Databases

1. Distributed Databases - Answer (click here)
2. Distributed Database Concepts - Answer (click here)
3. Types of Distributed Database Systems - Answer (click here)
4. Distributed Database Architectures - Answer (click here)
5. Data Fragmentation, Replication, and Allocation Techniques for Distributed Database Design - Answer (click here)
6. Query Processing and Optimization in Distributed Databases - Answer (click here)
7. Overview of Transaction Management in Distributed Databases - Answer (click here)
8. Overview of Concurrency Control and Recovery in Distributed Databases - Answer (click here)
9. Distributed Catalog Management - Answer (click here)
10. Current Trends in Distributed Databases - Answer (click here)
11. Distributed Databases in Oracle - Answer (click here)

PART 11 Advanced Database Models Systems and Applications

chapter 26 Enhanced Data Models for Advanced Applications

1. Enhanced Data Models for Advanced Applications - Answer (click here)
2. Active Database Concepts and Triggers - Answer (click here)
3. Temporal Database Concepts - Answer (click here)
4. Spatial Database Concepts - Answer (click here)
5. Multimedia Database Concepts - Answer (click here)
6. Introduction to Deductive Databases - Answer (click here)

chapter 27 Introduction to Information Retrieval and Web Search

1. Introduction to Information Retrieval and Web Search - Answer (click here)
2. Information Retrieval (IR) Concepts - Answer (click here)
3. Retrieval Models - Answer (click here)
4. Types of Queries in IR Systems - Answer (click here)
5. Text Preprocessing - Answer (click here)
6. Inverted Indexing - Answer (click here)
7. Evaluation Measures of Search Relevance - Answer (click here)
8. Web Search and Analysis - Answer (click here)
9. Trends in Information Retrieval - Answer (click here)

chapter 28 Data Mining Concepts

1. Data Mining Concepts - Answer (click here)
2. Overview of Data Mining Technology - Answer (click here)
3. Association Rules - Answer (click here)
4. Classification - Data Mining - Answer (click here)
5. Clustering - Answer (click here)
6. Approaches to Other Data Mining Problems - Answer (click here)
7. Applications of Data Mining - Answer (click here)
8. Commercial Data Mining Tools - Answer (click here)

chapter 29 Overview of Data Warehousing and OLAP

1. Overview of Data Warehousing and OLAP - Answer (click here)
2. Introduction, Definitions, and Terminology - Data warehouses - Answer (click here)
3. Characteristics of Data Warehouses - Answer (click here)
4. Data Modeling for Data Warehouses - Answer (click here)
5. Building a Data Warehouse - Answer (click here)
6. Typical Functionality of a Data Warehouse - Answer (click here)
7. Data Warehouse versus Views - Answer (click here)
8. Difficulties of Implementing Data Warehouses - Answer (click here)

Subject : Computer Architecture

OVERVIEW and INSTRUCTIONS

1. Eight Ideas - Answer (click here)
2. Components of a Computer System - Answer (click here)
3. Technology in Computer Architecture - Answer (click here)
4. Computer Architecture: Performance - Answer (click here)
5. Computer Architecture: Power Wall - Answer (click here)
6. Uniprocessors to Multiprocessors - Answer (click here)
7. Computer Architecture: Instructions - Answer (click here)
8. Computer Architecture: Operations and Operands - Answer (click here)
9. Computer Architecture: Representing Instructions - Answer (click here)
10. Computer Architecture: Logical and Control Operations - Answer (click here)
11. Computer Architecture: Addressing and Addressing Modes - Answer (click here)

ARITHMETIC OPERATIONS

1. Arithmetic Operations: Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU) - Answer (click here)
2. Arithmetic Operations: Addition and Subtraction - Answer (click here)
3. Arithmetic Operations: Multiplication - Answer (click here)
4. Arithmetic Operations: Division - Answer (click here)
5. Floating Point Operations - Answer (click here)
6. Arithmetic Operations: Sub Word Parallelism - Answer (click here)

PROCESSOR AND CONTROL UNIT

1. Basic MIPS Implementation - Answer (click here)
2. Building Data Path and Control Implementation Scheme - Answer (click here)
3. Pipelining - Answer (click here)
4. Pipelined Data Path and Control - Answer (click here)
5. Handling Data Hazards & Control Hazards - Answer (click here)
6. Exceptions in Processor and Control Unit - Answer (click here)

PARALLELISM

1. Instruction-Level-Parallelism - Answer (click here)
2. Parallel Processing Challenges - Answer (click here)
3. Flynn's Classification - Answer (click here)
4. Hardware in Parallelism - Answer (click here)

MEMORY AND IO SYSTEMS

1. Memory Hierarchy - Answer (click here)
2. Memory Technologies - Answer (click here)
3. Cache Basics - Answer (click here)
4. Measuring and Improving Cache Performance - Answer (click here)
5. Virtual Memory - Answer (click here)
6. TLBS- Input/Output System - Answer (click here)
7. Programmed I/O - Answer (click here)
8. DMA and Interrupts - Answer (click here)
9. I/O Processors - Answer (click here)
10. Glossary - Computer Architecture - Answer (click here)

Subject : Analog and Digital Communication

ANALOG COMMUNICATION

1. Noise - Analog Communication - Answer (click here)
2. External Noise, Internal Noise - Answer (click here)
3. Introduction to Communication System - Answer (click here)
4. Modulation, Types, Need for Modulation - Answer (click here)
5. Theory of Amplitude Modulation - Answer (click here)
6. Frequency Spectrum and Bandwidth Requirement of Angle Modulated Wave - Answer (click here)
7. The Concept of Angle Modulation and Its Waveform, Frequency and Phase Modulation - Answer (click here)
8. Important Short Questions and Answers: Analog Communication - Answer (click here)

DIGITAL COMMUNICATION

1. Introduction to Digital Communication - Answer (click here)
2. Frequency Shift Keying (FSK), Minimum Shift Keying (MSK) - Answer (click here)
3. Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK), Phase Shift Keying (PSK) - Answer (click here)
4. Concept of Binary Phase Shift Keying to BPSK, 8 PSK, 16 PSK - Answer (click here)
5. Quadrature Amplitude modulation (QAM) - Answer (click here)
6. Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK) Techniques and its Block Diagram - Answer (click here)
7. Important Short Questions and Answers: Digital Communication - Answer (click here)

DATA AND PULSE COMMUNICATION

1. History of Data Communication, Standards Organizations for Data Communication - Answer (click here)
2. Data Communication Circuits, Data Communication Codes - Answer (click here)
3. Error Detection and Correction Techniques - Answer (click here)
4. Pulse Communication - Answer (click here)
5. Important Short Questions and Answers: Data and Pulse Communication - Answer (click here)

SOURCE AND ERROR CONTROL CODING

1. Entropy, Source Encoding Theorem - Answer (click here)
2. Techniques used for compression of information - Answer (click here)
3. Huffmann Coding Techniques - Answer (click here)
4. Mutual Information - Answer (click here)
5. Entropy - Answer (click here)
6. Channel Capacity theorem - Answer (click here)
7. Cyclic codes, Error Control Coding - Answer (click here)
8. Linear Block Codes - Answer (click here)
9. Viterbi Algorithm - Answer (click here)
10. Convolutional Codes - Answer (click here)
11. Important Short Questions and Answers: Source and Error Control Coding - Answer (click here)

MULTI

1. Multi-User Radio Communication - Answer (click here)
2. Advanced Mobile Phone Services (AMPS) - Answer (click here)
3. Cellular Concept and Frequency Reuse, Channel Assignment and Handoffs - Answer (click here)
4. Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) Code division multiple access (CDMA) - Answer (click here)
5. Satellite Communication - Answer (click here)
6. Important Short Questions and Answers: Multi-User Radio Communication - Answer (click here)

Subject : Environmental Science and Engineering

ENVIRONMENT, ECOSYSTEMS AND BIODIVERSITY

1. Definitions and Scope of Environmental Science - Answer (click here)
2. Concept, Structure, Components of Ecosystem - Answer (click here)
3. Structure and Function of Forest Ecosystem(Terrestrial Ecosystem) - Answer (click here)
4. Structure and functions of Grassland Ecosystems - Answer (click here)
5. Structure and Functions of Desert Ecosystms - Answer (click here)
6. Aquatic ecosystems - Answer (click here)
7. Energy Flow in Ecosystem - Answer (click here)
8. Ecological pyramid - Answer (click here)
9. Nutrient cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen and phosphorus cycle - Answer (click here)
10. Ecological succession - Answer (click here)
11. Biodiversity - Answer (click here)
12. Levels and Values of Biodiversity - Answer (click here)
13. Hot-Spots of Biodiversity - Answer (click here)
14. Threats to Biodiversity - Answer (click here)
15. Man-Wildlife Conflicts and Endangered Species - Answer (click here)
16. Conservation of Biodiversity - Answer (click here)
17. Important Short Questions and Answers: Environment, Ecosystems and Biodiversity - Answer (click here)

ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION

1. Environmental pollution - Answer (click here)
2. Classification of Pollution - Answer (click here)
3. Nuclear Hazards - Answer (click here)
4. Management of solid waste - Answer (click here)
5. Disaster Management - Answer (click here)
6. Important Short Questions and Answers: Environmental Pollution - Answer (click here)

NATURAL RESOURCES

1. Forest Resources - Answer (click here)
2. Deforestation - Answer (click here)
3. Water Resources - Answer (click here)
4. Mineral Resources - Answer (click here)
5. Food Resources - Answer (click here)
6. Energy Resources - Answer (click here)
7. Renewable Energy Resources and Methods of Harvesting - Answer (click here)
8. Non-Reneable Energy Sources - Answer (click here)
9. Nuclear Energy - Answer (click here)
10. Uses of Alternate (Renewable) Energy Sources - Answer (click here)
11. Land Resources - Answer (click here)
12. Desertification: Harmful effect and Causes - Answer (click here)
13. Landslides: Causes and Harmful effect - Answer (click here)
14. Conservation of Natural Resources - Role of an Individual - Answer (click here)
15. Equitable Use of Resources for Sustainable Life Style - Answer (click here)
16. Important Short Questions and Answers: Natural Resources - Answer (click here)

SOCIAL ISSUES AND THE ENVIRONMENT

1. Social Issues and the Environment - Answer (click here)
2. Important Short Questions and Answers: Social Issues and the Environment - Answer (click here)

HUMAN POPULATION AND THE ENVIRONMENT

1. Human Population and the Environment - Answer (click here)
2. Important Short Questions and Answers: Human Population and the Environment - Answer (click here)

Subject : Probability and Queueing Theory

RANDOM VARIABLES

1. Random Variables - Answer (click here)
2. Important Short Objective Question and Answers: Random Variables - Answer (click here)

TWO DIMENSIONAL RANDOM VARIABLES

1. Two Dimensional Random Variables - Answer (click here)
2. Important Short Objective Questions and Answers: Two Dimensional Random Variables - Answer (click here)

RANDOM PROCESSES

1. Random Processes - Answer (click here)
2. Important Short Objective Questions and Answers: Random Processes - Answer (click here)

QUEUEING MODELS

1. Queueing Theory - Answer (click here)
2. Important Short Objective Questions and Answers: Queueing Theory - Answer (click here)

ADVANCED QUEUEING MODELS

1. Advanced Queueing Models - Answer (click here)
2. Important Short Objective Questions and Answers: Non-Markovian Queues and Queue Networks - Answer (click here)

Subject : Computer Networks

FUNDAMENTALS and LINK LAYER

1. Building a computer network - Answer (click here)
2. Requirements of Computer Networks - Answer (click here)
3. Layering and Protocol - Answer (click here)
4. Internet Architecture - Answer (click here)
5. Network Software - Answer (click here)
6. Performance :Link Layer Services - Answer (click here)
7. Framing in Computer Networks - Answer (click here)
8. Error Detection and Correction: Its types - Answer (click here)
9. Flow Control - Answer (click here)
10. Important Short Questions and Answers : Computer Networks - Fundamentals & Link Layer - Answer (click here)

MEDIA ACCESS and INTERNETWORKING

1. Medium Access Control - Answer (click here)
2. Ethernet(802.3) - Answer (click here)
3. Wireless LAN’s - Answer (click here)
4. WI-FI Ethernet (802.11) - Answer (click here)
5. Bluetooth (802.15.1) - Answer (click here)
6. Switching and Bridging - Answer (click here)
7. Basic Networking - Answer (click here)
8. IP(Internet Protocol) - Answer (click here)
9. Classless Interdomain Routing (CIDR) - Answer (click here)
10. Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) - Answer (click here)
11. Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) - Answer (click here)
12. Error Reporting (ICMP) - Answer (click here)
13. Important Short Questions and Answers: Media Access & Internetworking - Answer (click here)

ROUTING

1. Routing - Answer (click here)
2. Routing Information Protocol (RIP) - Answer (click here)
3. Link State (OSPF) - Answer (click here)
4. Metrics - Answer (click here)
5. Switch Basics - Answer (click here)
6. Global Internet - Answer (click here)
7. Areas - Answer (click here)
8. BGB (Broader Gateway Protocol) Interdomain Routing - Answer (click here)
9. IP Version 6 (IPV6) - Answer (click here)
10. Multicast Addresses - Answer (click here)
11. Multicast Routing (DVMRP, PIM) - Answer (click here)
12. DVMRP-Distance Vector Multicast Routing Protocol - Answer (click here)
13. PIM-Protocol Independent Multicast - Answer (click here)
14. Important Questions and Answers: Routing - Answer (click here)

TRANSPORT LAYER

1. Important Questions and Answers: Routing - Answer (click here)
2. Overview of Transport Layer - Answer (click here)
3. UDP (User Datagram Protocol) - Answer (click here)
4. TCP - Reliable Byte Stream - Answer (click here)
5. Connection Management - Answer (click here)
6. Flow Control - Answer (click here)
7. Retransmission - Answer (click here)
8. TCP Congestion Control - Answer (click here)
9. Congestion Avoidance –DECBit - Answer (click here)
10. Random Early Detection (RED) - Answer (click here)
11. Quality of Services (QoS) - Answer (click here)
12. Application Requirements - Answer (click here)
13. Important Short Questions and Answers: Transport Layer - Answer (click here)

APPLICATION LAYER

1. Electronic Mail (SMTP, POP3, MIME, IMAP) - Answer (click here)
2. SMTP –Simple Mail Transfer Protocol - Answer (click here)
3. POP3 (Post Office Protocol) and IMAP(Intermediate Mail Access Protocol) - Answer (click here)
4. MIME(Multipurpose Internet Mail Extension) - Answer (click here)
5. HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) - Answer (click here)
6. Web Services - Answer (click here)
7. Domain Name Service (DNS) - Answer (click here)
8. SNMP(Simple Network Management Protocol) - Answer (click here)
9. Important Questions and Answers : Networks - Application Layer - Answer (click here)

EXTRA

1. Data Communication - Answer (click here)
2. Data link layer - Answer (click here)
3. Network Layer - Answer (click here)
4. Transport layer - Answer (click here)
5. Application layer - Answer (click here)
6. Computer Networks - Worked out Problems - Answer (click here)

Subject : Operating Systems

OPERATING SYSTEMS OVERVIEW

1. Computer System Review - Answer (click here)
2. Operating System Components - Answer (click here)
3. Interrupts in Operating Systems - Answer (click here)
4. Memory Hierarchy - Operating Systems - Answer (click here)
5. Cache Memory - Answer (click here)
6. Direct Memory Access - Answer (click here)
7. Multiprocessor and Multicore Organization - Answer (click here)
8. Operating System Overview - Answer (click here)
9. Evolution of Operating System - Answer (click here)
10. Computer System Organization - Answer (click here)
11. System Calls - Answer (click here)
12. System Programs - Answer (click here)
13. Important Short Questions and Answers: Operating Systems - Process and Threads - Answer (click here)

PROCESS MANAGEMENT

1. Processes - Answer (click here)
2. Process Scheduling - Answer (click here)
3. Operations on Processes - Answer (click here)
4. Interprocess Communication - Answer (click here)
5. Threads - Answer (click here)
6. Thread Libraries - Answer (click here)
7. Process Synchronization - Answer (click here)
8. Critical-Section Problem - Answer (click here)
9. Mutex Locks - Answer (click here)
10. Semaphores - Answer (click here)
11. Monitors - Answer (click here)
12. CPU Scheduling - Answer (click here)
13. Deadlock - Answer (click here)
14. Important Short Questions and Answers: Process Scheduling and Synchronization - Answer (click here)

STORAGE MANAGEMENT

1. Memory Management: Background - Answer (click here)
2. Contiguous Memory Allocation - Answer (click here)
3. Segmentation - Answer (click here)
4. Paging - Answer (click here)
5. Virtual Memory - Answer (click here)
6. Page Replacement - Answer (click here)
7. Thrashing - Answer (click here)
8. Important Questions and Answers: OS Storage Management - Answer (click here)

IO SYSTEMS

1. Mass Storage Structure - Answer (click here)
2. Disk Scheduling and Management - Answer (click here)
3. File System Storage - Answer (click here)
4. File Sharing and Protection - Answer (click here)
5. File Protection - Answer (click here)
6. File System Structure - Answer (click here)
7. Directory Structure - Answer (click here)
8. Allocation Methods - Answer (click here)
9. Free Space Management - Answer (click here)
10. Important short Questions and Answers: File Systems in OS - Answer (click here)

CASE STUDY

1. Linux System - Basic Concepts - Answer (click here)
2. System Administration - Answer (click here)
3. Requirements For Linux Ssytem Administrator - Answer (click here)
4. Setting Up a Linux Multifunction Server - Answer (click here)
5. Domain Name System - Answer (click here)
6. Setting up Local Network Services - Answer (click here)
7. Setting Up Xen , VMare On Linux Host And Adding Guest OS - Answer (click here)
8. Important Short Questions and Answers: I/O System in OS - Answer (click here)
9. Subject : Object Oriented Analysis and Design

   UML DIAGRAMS

   DESIGN PATTERNS

   CASE STUDY

   APPLYING DESIGN PATTERNS

   CODING AND TESTING

   Introduction to OOAD

   1. Introduction to Object Orientation - Answer (click here)
   2. What is OOAD(Object-oriented analysis and design)? - Answer (click here)
   3. What is Unified Modeling Language (UML)? - Answer (click here)
   4. Unified Software Development Process or Unified Process - Answer (click here)
   5. Case Study: NextPOS System - Answer (click here)
   6. Inception Phase - Answer (click here)
   7. The Use Case Model - Answer (click here)
   8. Important Questions and Answers: Introduction to OOAD - Answer (click here)

   Elaboration

   1. Elaboration Phase - Answer (click here)
   2. Domain Model - Answer (click here)
   3. Concepts: Conceptual Data Modeling - Answer (click here)
   4. Association - Answer (click here)
   5. NextGen POS Domain Model Attributes - Answer (click here)
   6. Association, Aggregation and Composition Relationships - Answer (click here)
   7. UML Activity Diagram - Answer (click here)
   8. Important Questions and Answers: OOAD - Elaboration - Answer (click here)

   System Sequence Diagrams

   1. Sequence Diagram - Answer (click here)
   2. Logical Architecture - Answer (click here)
   3. UML Class diagrams - Answer (click here)
   4. UML Interaction Diagram - Answer (click here)
   5. Important Questions and Answers: OOAD - System Sequence Diagrams - Answer (click here)

   GRASP

   1. GRASP - General Responsibility Assignment Software Patterns (or Principles) - Answer (click here)
   2. Important Questions and Answers: OOAD - GRASP - Answer (click here)

   UML state diagrams and modeling

   1. UML state diagrams and modeling - Answer (click here)
   2. UML Modeling - Answer (click here)
   3. UML Operation Contract - Answer (click here)
   4. UML Deployment Diagram - Answer (click here)
   5. UML Component Diagram - Answer (click here)
   6. Important Questions and Answers: UML state diagrams and modeling - Answer (click here)
   Subject : Theory of Computation

   FINITE AUTOMATA

   1. Finite Automata - Answer (click here)

   GRAMMARS

   1. Grammars - Regular Expressions and Languages - Answer (click here)

   PUSHDOWN AUTOMATA

   1. Pushdown Automata - Answer (click here)

   TURING MACHINES

   1. Turing Machines - Answer (click here)

   UNSOLVABLE PROBLEMS AND COMPUTABLE FUNCTIONS

   1. Unsolvable Problems And Computable - Answer (click here)
   Subject : Computer Graphics

   INTRODUCTION

   1. Computer Graphics - Answer (click here)
   2. Important Short Questions and Answers: Computer Graphics - Answer (click here)

   TWO DIMENSIONAL GRAPHICS

   1. Two Dimensional Graphics - Answer (click here)
   2. Important Short Questions and Answers: Two Dimensional Computer Graphics - Answer (click here)

   THREE DIMENSIONAL GRAPHICS

   1. Three Dimensional Graphics - Answer (click here)
   2. Important Short Questions and Answers: Three Dimensional Computer Graphics - Answer (click here)

   ILLUMINATION AND COLOUR MODELS

   1. Illumination and Colour Models - Answer (click here)
   2. Important Short Questions and Answers: Computer Graphics - Illumination and Colour Models - Answer (click here)

   ANIMATIONS and REALISM

   1. Animations & Realism - Answer (click here)
   2. Important Short Questions and Answers: Animations & Realism - Answer (click here)
   Subject : Distributed Systems

   INTRODUCTION

   1. Distributed systems - Answer (click here)
   2. Trends in Distributed Systems - Answer (click here)
   3. Resource Sharing - Answer (click here)
   4. The Challenges in Distributed System - Answer (click here)

   COMMUNICATION IN DISTRIBUTED SYSTEM

   1. Introduction to System Models - Answer (click here)
   2. System architectures - Answer (click here)
   3. Performance of communication channels - Answer (click here)
   4. Security model - Answer (click here)
   5. The characteristics of interprocess communication - Answer (click here)
   6. Sockets - Answer (click here)
   7. UDP datagram communication - Answer (click here)
   8. TCP stream communication - Answer (click here)
   9. CORBA CDR for constructed types - Answer (click here)
   10. Group communication - Answer (click here)
   11. IP multicast – An implementation of multicast communication - Answer (click here)
   12. Remote method invocation(RMI) - Answer (click here)
   13. Remote Procedure Call - Answer (click here)
   14. Case Study: Java RMI - Answer (click here)
   15. Case Study of a Distributed Operating System - Answer (click here)

   PEER TO PEER SERVICES AND FILE SYSTEM

   1. Peer-To-Peer (P2P) - Answer (click here)
   2. Overlay case studies: Pastry, Tapestry - Answer (click here)
   3. Distributed File Systems - Answer (click here)
   4. File Service Architecture - Answer (click here)
   5. Case Study: The Andrew File System (AFS) - Answer (click here)
   6. Naming Services - Answer (click here)
   7. Global Name Service (GNS) - Answer (click here)
   8. X500 Directory Service - Answer (click here)

   SYNCHRONIZATION AND REPLICATION

   1. Clocks, Events and Process States - Answer (click here)
   2. Synchronizing physical clocks - Answer (click here)
   3. Logical time and logical clocks - Answer (click here)
   4. Global states - Answer (click here)
   5. Distributed Mutual Exclusion - Answer (click here)
   6. Elections in Distributed Systems - Answer (click here)
   7. Multicast Communication - Answer (click here)
   8. Consensus and related problems - Answer (click here)

   PROCESS and RESOURCE MANAGEMENT

   1. Consensus and related problems - Answer (click here)
   2. Process Management - Answer (click here)
   3. Distributed Shared Memory - Answer (click here)
   4. Resource Management - Answer (click here)
   5. Load balancing (computing) - Answer (click here)
   6. Scheduling algorithms - Answer (click here)
   7. Load balancer features - Answer (click here)
   8. Sharing annotations - Answer (click here)
   9. Other Consistency Models - Answer (click here)
   10. Common Object Request Broker Architecture (CORBA) - Answer (click here)
   11. CORBA RMI - Answer (click here)
   12. CORBA IDL - Answer (click here)
   13. CORBA Services - Answer (click here)
   Subject : Mobile Computing

   INTRODUCTION

   1. Mobile Computing - Answer (click here)
   2. Mobile Computing vs Wireless Networking - Answer (click here)
   3. Mobile Computing Applications - Answer (click here)
   4. Characteristics of Mobile Computing - Answer (click here)
   5. Structure of Mobile Computing Application - Answer (click here)
   6. MAC Protocols - Answer (click here)
   7. Wireless MAC Issues - Answer (click here)
   8. Fixed Assignment Schemes - Answer (click here)
   9. Random Assignment Schemes - Answer (click here)
   10. Reservation based Schemes - Answer (click here)

   MOBILE INTERNET PROTOCOL AND TRANSPORT LAYER

   1. Overview of Mobile IP - Answer (click here)
   2. Features of Mobile IP - Answer (click here)
   3. Key Mechanism in Mobile IP - Answer (click here)
   4. Route Optimization - Answer (click here)
   5. Overview of TCP / IP - Answer (click here)
   6. Architecture of TCP/IP - Answer (click here)
   7. Adaptation of TCP / IP Window - Answer (click here)
   8. Improvement in TCP Performance - Answer (click here)

   MOBILE TELECOMMUNICATION SYSTEM

   1. Global System for Mobile Communication - Answer (click here)
   2. General Packet Radio Service - Answer (click here)
   3. Universal Mobile Telecommunication System - Answer (click here)

   MOBILE AD HOC NETWORKS

   1. Adhoc Basic Concepts - Answer (click here)
   2. Characteristics of Mobile ADHOC Networks - Answer (click here)
   3. Applications of Mobile ADHOC Networks - Answer (click here)
   4. Design Issues - Mobile ADHOC Networks - Answer (click here)
   5. Routing - Mobile Adhoc Networks - Answer (click here)
   6. Essential of Traditional Routing Protocols - Answer (click here)
   7. Popular Routing Protocols - Answer (click here)
   8. Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks(VANET) - Answer (click here)
   9. MANET vs VANET - Answer (click here)
   10. Security in Mobile ADHOC Networks - Answer (click here)

   MOBILE PLATFORMS AND APPLICATIONS

   1. Mobile Device Operating Systems - Answer (click here)
   2. Special Constraints and Requirements - Answer (click here)
   3. Commercial Mobile Operating System - Answer (click here)
   4. Software development kit:iOS,Android,Blackberry,Windows Phone - Answer (click here)
   5. M-Commerce - Answer (click here)
   6. Structure of M-Commerce - Answer (click here)
   7. Pros and Cons of M-Commerce - Answer (click here)
   8. Mobile Payment System and Security Issues - Answer (click here)
   Subject : Compiler Design

   INTRODUCTION TO COMPILERS

   LEXICAL ANALYSIS

   SYNTAX ANALYSIS

   SYNTAX DIRECTED TRANSLATION & RUN TIME ENVIRONMENT

   CODE OPTIMIZATION AND CODE GENERATION

   LEXICAL ANALYSIS

   1. Algorithms for Solving Nonlinear Equations - Answer (click here)
   2. Introduction to Compiling Compilers - Answer (click here)
   3. Analysis of the source program - Answer (click here)
   4. The Phases of a Compiler - Answer (click here)
   5. Cousins of Compiler - Answer (click here)
   6. Grouping of the Phases - Answer (click here)
   7. Compiler Construction Tools - Answer (click here)
   8. Lexical Analysis - Answer (click here)
   9. Input Buffering - Answer (click here)
   10. Specification of Tokens - Answer (click here)
   11. Recognition of Tokens - Answer (click here)
   12. A Language For Specifying Lexical Analyzer - Answer (click here)
   13. Important Short Questions and Answers : Principles of Compiler Design - Lexical Analysis - Answer (click here)

   SYNTAX ANALYSIS and RUN TIME ENVIRONMENTS

   1. Syntax Analysis - Answer (click here)
   2. The Role of Parser - Answer (click here)
   3. Context-Free Grammars - Answer (click here)
   4. Writing a Grammar - Answer (click here)
   5. Top down parsing and Bottom up Parsing - Answer (click here)
   6. Constructing SLR(1) Parsing Table - Answer (click here)
   7. Type Checking - Answer (click here)
   8. Specification of a Simple Type Checker - Answer (click here)
   9. Run-Time Environments - Source Language Issues - Answer (click here)
   10. Storage Organization - Answer (click here)
   11. Storage Allocation Strategies - Answer (click here)
   12. Important Short Questions and Answers: Syntax Analysis and Run-Time Environments - Answer (click here)

   INTERMEDIATE CODE GENERATION

   1. Intermediate Languages - Answer (click here)
   2. Declarations - Answer (click here)
   3. Assignment Statements - Answer (click here)
   4. Boolean Expressions - Answer (click here)
   5. Case Statements - Answer (click here)
   6. Backpatching - Answer (click here)
   7. Procedure Calls - Answer (click here)
   8. Important Short Questions and Answers: Principles of Compiler Design - Intermediate Code Generation - Answer (click here)

   CODE GENERATION

   1. Issues in the design of a code generator - Answer (click here)
   2. Target Machine - Answer (click here)
   3. Run-Time Storage Management - Answer (click here)
   4. Basic Blocks and Flow Graphs of Code Generation - Answer (click here)
   5. A Simple Code Generator - Answer (click here)
   6. Register Allocation and Assignment - Answer (click here)
   7. The Dag Representation For Basic Blocks - Answer (click here)
   8. Generating Code From DAGs - Answer (click here)
   9. Important Short Questions and Answers: Compiler Design - Code Generation - Answer (click here)

   CODE OPTIMIZATION

   1. Code Optimization - Answer (click here)
   2. Principal Sources of Optimisation - Answer (click here)
   3. Peephole Optimization - Answer (click here)
   4. Optimization of Basic Blocks - Answer (click here)
   5. Loops in Flow Graph - Answer (click here)
   6. Introduction to Global Dataflow Analysis - Answer (click here)
   7. Code Improvig Transformations - Answer (click here)
   8. Glossary - Principles of Compiler Design - Answer (click here)
   9. Tutorial problems and worked out examples - Principles of Compiler Design - Answer (click here)
   10. Important Short Questions and Answers: Code optimization - Answer (click here)

   Compilers Principles Techniques and Tools by Alfred V Aho Monica S Lam Ravi Sethi Jeffrey D Ullman

   Chapter 1 Introduction

   1. Compilers - Principles, Techniques, & Tools - Answer (click here)
   2. Language Processors - Answer (click here)
   3. The Structure of a Compiler - Answer (click here)
   4. The Evolution of Programming Languages - Answer (click here)
   5. The Science of Building a Compiler - Answer (click here)
   6. Applications of Compiler Technology - Answer (click here)
   7. Programming Language Basics - Answer (click here)

   Chapter 2 Simple Syntax Directed Translator

   1. A Simple Syntax-Directed Translator - Answer (click here)
   2. Syntax Definition - Answer (click here)
   3. Syntax-Directed Translation - Answer (click here)
   4. Parsing - Answer (click here)
   5. A Translator for Simple Expressions - Answer (click here)
   6. Lexical Analysis - Answer (click here)
   7. Symbol Table Per Scope and Use of Symbol Tables - Answer (click here)
   8. Intermediate Code Generation - Answer (click here)

   Chapter 3 Lexical Analysis

   1. Lexical Analysis - Answer (click here)
   2. The Role of the Lexical Analyzer - Answer (click here)
   3. Input Buffering: Buffer Pairs, Sentinels - Answer (click here)
   4. Specification of Tokens - Answer (click here)
   5. Recognition of Tokens - Answer (click here)
   6. The Lexical-Analyzer Generator Lex - Answer (click here)
   7. Finite Automata - Answer (click here)
   8. From Regular Expressions to Automata - Answer (click here)
   9. Design of a Lexical-Analyzer Generator - Answer (click here)
   10. Optimization of DFA-Based Pattern Matchers - Answer (click here)

   Chapter 4 Syntax Analysis

   1. Syntax Analysis - Answer (click here)
   2. Context-Free Grammars - Answer (click here)
   3. Writing a Grammar - Answer (click here)
   4. Top-Down Parsing - Answer (click here)
   5. Bottom-Up Parsing - Answer (click here)
   6. Introduction to LR Parsing: Simple LR - Answer (click here)
   7. More Powerful LR Parsers - Answer (click here)
   8. Using Ambiguous Grammars - Answer (click here)
   9. Parser Generators - Answer (click here)

   Chapter 5 Syntax Directed Translation

   1. Syntax-Directed Translation - Answer (click here)
   2. Syntax-Directed Definitions - Answer (click here)
   3. Evaluation Orders for SDD's - Answer (click here)
   4. Applications of Syntax-Directed Translation - Answer (click here)
   5. Syntax-Directed Translation Schemes - Answer (click here)
   6. Implementing L-Attributed SDD's - Answer (click here)

   Chapter 6 Intermediate Code Generation

   1. Intermediate-Code Generation - Answer (click here)
   2. Variants of Syntax Trees - Answer (click here)
   3. Three-Address Code - Answer (click here)
   4. Types and Declarations - Answer (click here)
   5. Translation of Expressions - Answer (click here)
   6. Type Checking - Answer (click here)
   7. Control Flow - Answer (click here)
   8. Backpatching - Answer (click here)
   9. Switch-Statements - Answer (click here)
   10. Intermediate Code for Procedures - Answer (click here)

   Chapter 7 Run Time Environments

   1. Run-Time Environments - Answer (click here)
   2. Storage Organization - Answer (click here)
   3. Stack Allocation of Space - Answer (click here)
   4. Access to Nonlocal Data on the Stack - Answer (click here)
   5. Heap Management - Answer (click here)
   6. Introduction to Garbage Collection - Answer (click here)
   7. Introduction to Trace-Based Collection - Answer (click here)
   8. Short-Pause Garbage Collection - Answer (click here)
   9. Advanced Topics in Garbage Collection - Answer (click here)

   Chapter 8 Code Generation

   1. Code Generation - Answer (click here)
   2. Issues in the Design of a Code Generator - Answer (click here)
   3. The Target Language - Answer (click here)
   4. Addresses in the Target Code - Answer (click here)
   5. Basic Blocks and Flow Graphs - Answer (click here)
   6. Optimization of Basic Blocks - Answer (click here)
   7. A Simple Code Generator - Answer (click here)
   8. Peephole Optimization - Answer (click here)
   9. Register Allocation and Assignment - Answer (click here)
   10. Instruction Selection by Tree Rewriting - Answer (click here)
   11. Optimal Code Generation for Expressions - Answer (click here)
   12. Dynamic Programming Code-Generation - Answer (click here)

   Chapter 9 Machine Independent Optimizations

   1. Machine-Independent Optimizations - Answer (click here)
   2. The Principal Sources of Optimization - Answer (click here)
   3. Introduction to Data-Flow Analysis - Answer (click here)
   4. Foundations of Data-Flow Analysis - Answer (click here)
   5. Constant Propagation - Answer (click here)
   6. Partial-Redundancy Elimination - Answer (click here)
   7. Loops in Flow Graphs - Answer (click here)
   8. Region-Based Analysis - Answer (click here)
   9. Symbolic Analysis - Answer (click here)

   Chapter 10 Instruction Level Parallelism

   1. Instruction-Level Parallelism - Answer (click here)
   2. Processor Architectures - Answer (click here)
   3. Code-Scheduling Constraints - Answer (click here)
   4. Basic-Block Scheduling - Answer (click here)
   5. Global Code Scheduling - Answer (click here)
   6. Software Pipelining Algorithm - Answer (click here)
   7. Scheduling Acyclic Data-Dependence and Cyclic Dependence Graphs - Answer (click here)
   8. Improvements to the Pipelining Algorithms - Answer (click here)

   Chapter 11 Optimizing for Parallelism and Locality

   1. Optimizing for Parallelism and Locality - Answer (click here)
   2. Basic Concepts of Optimizing for Parallelism and Locality - Answer (click here)
   3. Matrix Multiply: An In-Depth Example - Answer (click here)
   4. Iteration Spaces - Answer (click here)
   5. Affine Array Indexes - Answer (click here)
   6. Data Reuse - Answer (click here)
   7. Array Data-Dependence Analysis - Answer (click here)
   8. Finding Synchronization-Free Parallelism - Answer (click here)
   9. Synchronization Between Parallel Loops - Answer (click here)
   10. Pipelining - Answer (click here)
   11. Locality Optimizations - Answer (click here)
   12. Other Uses of Affine Transforms - Answer (click here)

   Chapter 12 Interprocedural Analysis

   1. Interprocedural Analysis - Answer (click here)
   2. Basic Concepts of Interprocedural Analysis - Answer (click here)
   3. Why Interprocedural Analysis? - Answer (click here)
   4. A Logical Representation of Data Flow - Answer (click here)
   5. A Simple Pointer-Analysis Algorithm - Answer (click here)
   6. Context-Insensitive Interprocedural Analysis - Answer (click here)
   7. Context-Sensitive Pointer Analysis - Answer (click here)
   8. Datalog Implementation by BDD's - Answer (click here)
   Subject : Digital Signal Processing

   SIGNALS AND SYSTEMS

   1. Signals and System - Introduction - Answer (click here)
   2. Classification of Signal Processing - Answer (click here)
   3. Advantages and Disadvantages of DSP(Digital) Over ASP(Analog signal Processing) - Answer (click here)
   4. Classification of Signals - Answer (click here)
   5. Discrete Time Signals and System - Answer (click here)
   6. Basic Block Diagram of A/D Converter - Answer (click here)
   7. Z Tranform - Analysis of LTI System - Answer (click here)
   8. Properties of Z Transform (ZT) - Answer (click here)
   9. Relationship Between Fourier Transform and Z Transform - Answer (click here)
   10. Inverse Z Transform (IZT) - Answer (click here)
   11. Linear Convolution Sum Method - Answer (click here)
   12. Properties of Linear Convolution - Answer (click here)
   13. Correlation: Types, Properties - Answer (click here)
   14. Difference Between Linear Convolution and Correlation - Answer (click here)
   15. Important Short Questions and Answers: Signals and System - Answer (click here)

   FREQUENCY TRANSFORMATIONS

   1. Frequency Transformations - Answer (click here)
   2. Properties of Discrete Fourier Transform(DFT) - Answer (click here)
   3. Application of Discrete Fourier Transform(DFT) - Answer (click here)
   4. Fast Fourier Algorithm (FFT) - Answer (click here)
   5. Radix-2 FFT Algorithms - Answer (click here)
   6. Computational Complexity FFT V/S Direct Computation - Answer (click here)
   7. Bit Reversal - Answer (click here)
   8. Decimation In Frequency (DIFFFT) - Answer (click here)
   9. Goertzel Algorithm - Answer (click here)
   10. Important Short Questions and Answers: Frequency Transformations - Answer (click here)

   IIR FILTER DESIGN

   1. IIR Filter Design - Answer (click here)
   2. Difference Between Analog Filter and Digital Filter - Answer (click here)
   3. Filter Types and Ideal Filter Characteristic - Answer (click here)
   4. Difference Between FIR Filter and IIR Filter - Answer (click here)
   5. Structures For FIR Systems - Answer (click here)
   6. Structures For IIR Systems - Answer (click here)
   7. Conversion of Analog Filter into Digital Filter - Answer (click here)
   8. IIR Filter Design - Bilinear Transformation Method (BZT) - Answer (click here)
   9. Method For Designing Digital Filters Using BZT - Answer (click here)
   10. Butterworth Filter Approximation - Answer (click here)
   11. Frequency Response Characteristic - Answer (click here)
   12. Frequency Transformation - Answer (click here)
   13. Important Short Questions and Answers: IIR Filter Design - Answer (click here)

   FIR FILTER DESIGN

   1. Features of FIR Filter - Answer (click here)
   2. Symmetric and Anti-symmetric FIR filters - Answer (click here)
   3. Gibbs Phenomenon - Answer (click here)
   4. Designing Filter From Pole Zero Placement - Answer (click here)
   5. Notch and Comb Filters - Answer (click here)
   6. Digital Resonator - Answer (click here)
   7. Roundoff Noise - Answer (click here)
   8. Roundoff Noise in FIR Filters - Answer (click here)
   9. Limit Cycle Oscillations - Answer (click here)
   10. Overflow Oscillations - Answer (click here)
   11. Realization Considerations - Answer (click here)
   12. Important Short Questions and Answers: FIR Filter Design - Answer (click here)

   FINITE WORD LENGTH EFFECTS IN DIGITAL FILTERS

   1. Speech Recognition - Answer (click here)
   2. Linear Prediction of Speech Synthesis - Answer (click here)
   3. Sound Processing - Answer (click here)
   4. Echo Cancellation - Answer (click here)
   5. Vibration Analysis - Answer (click here)
   6. Multistage Implementation of Digital Filters - Answer (click here)
   7. Speech signal processing - Answer (click here)
   8. Subband Coding - Answer (click here)
   9. Adaptive Filter - Answer (click here)
   10. Audio Processing - Answer (click here)
   11. Image Enhancement: Spatial domain methods - Answer (click here)
   12. Important Short Questions and Answers: Applications of DSP - Answer (click here)
   Subject : Artificial Intelligence

   INTRODUCTION TO Al AND PRODUCTION SYSTEMS

   1. What is Artificial intelligence(AI)? - Answer (click here)
   2. Production System - Answer (click here)

   REPRESENTATION OF KNOWLEDGE

   1. Game playing - Answer (click here)
   2. Iterative Deepening - Answer (click here)
   3. Knowledge Representation - Answer (click here)
   4. Predicate Calculus - Answer (click here)
   5. Predicate Logic - Answer (click here)
   6. AI Resolution: Definition and Principle - Answer (click here)
   7. Structured Represntation of Knowledge - Answer (click here)

   KNOWLEDGE INFERENCE

   1. Knowledge Representation - Answer (click here)
   2. Framework of Knowledge Representation (Poole 1998) - Answer (click here)
   3. Knowledge Representation Schemes - Answer (click here)
   4. Issues in Knowledge Representation - Answer (click here)
   5. KR Using Predicate Logic - Answer (click here)
   6. KR Using Rules - Answer (click here)

   PLANNING AND MACHINE LEARNING

   1. Planning and Machine Learning - Answer (click here)
   2. Symbolic Reasoning - Answer (click here)
   3. Statistical Reasoning - Answer (click here)
   4. Probability and Bayes’ Theorem - Answer (click here)
   5. Certainty Factors in Rule-Based Systems - Answer (click here)
   6. Bayesian Networks and Certainty Factors - Answer (click here)
   7. Dempster - Shafer Theory (DST) - Answer (click here)
   8. Fuzzy Logic - Answer (click here)

   EXPERT SYSTEMS

   1. Expert System - Answer (click here)
   2. Expert System Characteristics - Answer (click here)
   3. Expert System Features - Answer (click here)
   4. Knowledge Acquisition - Answer (click here)
   5. Knowledge Base (Representing and Using Domain Knowledge) - Answer (click here)
   6. Inference Engine - Answer (click here)
   7. Expert System Shells - Answer (click here)
   8. Explanation - Expert System - Answer (click here)
   9. Application of Expert Systems - Answer (click here)
   Subject : Total Quality Management

   INTRODUCTION

   1. Quality Management - Answer (click here)
   2. Various dimensions of quality with examples - Answer (click here)
   3. Deming’s Philosophy - Answer (click here)
   4. Quality Planning - Answer (click here)
   5. The barriers to TQM implementation and Deming Philosophy - Answer (click here)
   6. Evolution of quality - Answer (click here)
   7. Basic concepts, principles, barriers and benefits of Total Quality Management (TQM) - Answer (click here)
   8. Important Questions and Answers: Quality Management - Answer (click here)

   TQM PRINCIPLES

   1. Leadership - Answer (click here)
   2. Quality Council - Answer (click here)
   3. Seven Steps to Strategic Quality Planning - Answer (click here)
   4. Quality Statements - Answer (click here)
   5. Customer Satisfaction - Answer (click here)
   6. Tebouls Model of customer satisfication - Answer (click here)
   7. Customer Retention - Answer (click here)
   8. Motivation Concept of Motivation - Answer (click here)
   9. Theories of Motivation - Answer (click here)
   10. Herzberg’s Two Factor Theory - Answer (click here)
   11. Empowerment - Answer (click here)
   12. Job Enrichment Vs Job Empowerment - Answer (click here)
   13. Teams - Answer (click here)
   14. Characteristics of Successful Teams - Answer (click here)
   15. Stages of Team Development - Answer (click here)
   16. Recognition and Reward - Answer (click here)
   17. Importance of Performance Appraisals - Answer (click here)
   18. Benefits of Employee Involvement - Answer (click here)
   19. The PDCA Cycle - Answer (click here)
   20. 5-S: Housekeeping - Answer (click here)
   21. Kaizen - Answer (click here)
   22. Supplier Partnership - Answer (click here)
   23. Partnering - Answer (click here)
   24. Supplier Selection - Answer (click here)
   25. Supplier Rating - Answer (click here)
   26. Aspects of Employee Involvement - Answer (click here)
   27. Intrinsic Vs Extrinsic Rewards - Answer (click here)
   28. Customer complaints (feedback) - Answer (click here)
   29. Continuous Process Improvement (CPI) - Answer (click here)
   30. Important Questions and Answers: Total Quality Management (TQM) Principles - Answer (click here)

   TQM TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES I

   1. Seven tools of quality - Answer (click here)
   2. New Seven management Tools - Answer (click here)
   3. Management Tool: Affinity Diagram - Answer (click here)
   4. Management Tool: Relations Diagram - Answer (click here)
   5. Management Tool: Tree Diagram - Answer (click here)
   6. Management Tool: Matrix Diagram - Answer (click here)
   7. Matrix Data Analysis Diagram - Answer (click here)
   8. Management Tool: Arrow Diagram - Answer (click here)
   9. Six Sigma - Answer (click here)
   10. Benchmarking - Answer (click here)
   11. Failure Mode and Effects Analysis - Answer (click here)
   12. Important Questions and Answers: Total Quality Management Tools & Techniques - Answer (click here)
   13. The seven traditional tools of quality - Answer (click here)
   14. New management tools - Answer (click here)
   15. Types of Benchmarking - Answer (click here)
   16. Failure modes and effects analysis (FMEA) - Answer (click here)
   17. Timing of FMEA - Answer (click here)
   18. Benchmarking process - Answer (click here)

   TQM TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES II

   1. TQM Tools And Techniques - Answer (click here)
   2. Quality Function Deployment - Answer (click here)
   3. Taguchi’s Quality Loss Function - Answer (click here)
   4. Maintenance development stages - Answer (click here)
   5. Total Productive Maintenance - Answer (click here)
   6. Quality costs - Answer (click here)
   7. Voice of the customer - Answer (click here)
   8. Design of FMEA document - Answer (click here)
   9. Different types of needs - Answer (click here)
   10. Major benefits of quality function deployment (QFD) - Answer (click here)
   11. Quality circles - Answer (click here)
   12. Organisational structure - Answer (click here)
   13. Important Questions and Answers: Total Quality Management Tools and Techniques - Answer (click here)

   QUALITY SYSTEMS

   1. ISO 9000 STANDARDS - Answer (click here)
   2. Need of Quality system - Answer (click here)
   3. ISO 9000:2000 Quality Systems - Answer (click here)
   4. Need for ISO 9000- ISO 9000-2000 Quality System - Answer (click here)
   5. QS 9000 – ISO 14000 – Requirements - Answer (click here)
   6. ISO 9000 Documentation and Documentation Hierarchy - Answer (click here)
   7. Clauses in ISO 9001 - Answer (click here)
   8. ISO 14000 - Environmental Management systems - Answer (click here)
   9. Processes of Software Quality Management - Answer (click here)
   10. Cost of Quality - Answer (click here)
   11. Concepts and Benefits of ISO 14000 - Answer (click here)
   12. Important Questions and Answers: Quality Systems - Answer (click here)
   Subject : Data Ware Housing and Data Mining

   DATA WAREHOUSING

   1. Data Warehouse Introduction - Answer (click here)
   2. Building a Data warehouse - Answer (click here)
   3. Mapping the data warehouse architecture to Multiprocessor architecture - Answer (click here)
   4. DBMS Schemas for Decision Support - Answer (click here)
   5. Data extraction, clean up and transformation - Answer (click here)
   6. Metadata - Answer (click here)
   7. Important Short Questions and Answers: Data Warehousing - Answer (click here)

   BUSINESS ANALYSIS

   1. Reporting and Query Tools and Applications - Answer (click here)
   2. Need For Applications - Data Warehousing - Answer (click here)
   3. Cognous Impromptu - Answer (click here)
   4. OLAP and Need - Answer (click here)
   5. Multidimensional Data Model - Answer (click here)
   6. OLAP Guidelines - Answer (click here)
   7. Categories of OLAP Tools - Answer (click here)
   8. OLAP Tools And The Internet - Answer (click here)
   9. Important Short Questions and Answers: Data Warehousing Business Analysis - Answer (click here)

   DATA MINING

   1. Data Mining - Answer (click here)
   2. Data - Answer (click here)
   3. Data Mining - On What Kind of Data? ( Types of Data ) - Answer (click here)
   4. Data Mining Functionalities - What Kinds of Patterns Can Be Mined? - Answer (click here)
   5. Interestingness of Patterns - Answer (click here)
   6. Classification of Data Mining Systems - Answer (click here)
   7. Integration of a Data Mining System with a Database or Data Warehouse System - Answer (click here)
   8. Data mining primitives - Answer (click here)
   9. Major Issues in Data Mining - Answer (click here)
   10. Data Preprocessing - Answer (click here)
   11. Important Short Questions and Answers : Data Mining - Answer (click here)

   ASSOCIATION RULE MINING AND CLASSIFICATION

   1. Frequent Itemsets, Closed Itemsets, and Association Rules - Answer (click here)
   2. Mining Methods - Answer (click here)
   3. Mining Various Kinds of Association Rules - Answer (click here)
   4. Association Mining to Correlation Analysis - Answer (click here)
   5. Constraint-Based Association Mining - Answer (click here)
   6. Classification and Prediction - Answer (click here)
   7. Classification by Decision Tree Induction - Answer (click here)
   8. Bayesian Classification - Answer (click here)
   9. Rule Based Classification - Answer (click here)
   10. Classification by Backpropagation - Answer (click here)
   11. SVM - Support Vector Machines - Answer (click here)
   12. Associative Classification - Answer (click here)
   13. Lazy Learners (or Learning from Your Neighbors) - Answer (click here)
   14. Other Classification Methods - Answer (click here)
   15. Prediction - Answer (click here)
   16. Important Short Questions and Answers : Association Rule Mining and Classification - Answer (click here)

   CLUSTERING AND TRENDS IN DATA MINING

   1. Type of Data in Clustering Analysis - Answer (click here)
   2. Categorization of Major Clustering Methods - Answer (click here)
   3. Outlier Analysis - Answer (click here)
   4. Data Mining Applications - Answer (click here)
   5. Important Short Questions and Answers : Clustering and Applications and Trends in Data Mining - Answer (click here)
   Subject : Software Testing

   INTRODUCTION

   1. Testing as an engineering activity - Answer (click here)
   2. Role of process in software quality - Answer (click here)
   3. Testing as a process - Answer (click here)
   4. Basic definitions in Software Testing - Answer (click here)
   5. Software testing principles - Answer (click here)
   6. The tester’s role in a software development organization - Answer (click here)
   7. Origin of Defects - Answer (click here)
   8. Defect classes, the defect repository and test design - Answer (click here)
   9. Defect Examples: The Coin Problem - Answer (click here)
   10. Developer/Tester Support for Developing a Defect Repository - Answer (click here)

   TEST CASE DESIGN

   1. Introduction to Testing Design Strategies - Answer (click here)
   2. The Smart Tester - Answer (click here)
   3. Test Case Design Strategies - Answer (click here)
   4. Using black box approach to test case design - Answer (click here)
   5. Random Testing - Answer (click here)
   6. Equivalence Class Partitioning - Answer (click here)
   7. Boundary Value Analysis - Answer (click here)
   8. Other Black Box Test Design Approaches - Answer (click here)
   9. Using white box approach to test design - Answer (click here)
   10. Test adequacy criteria - Answer (click here)
   11. Coverage and Control Flow Graphs - Answer (click here)
   12. Covering Code Logic - Answer (click here)
   13. Paths: Their Role in White Box-Based Test Design - Answer (click here)
   14. Additional White Box Test Design Approaches - Answer (click here)
   15. Evaluating Test Adequacy Criteria - Answer (click here)

   LEVELS OF TESTING

   1. The need for levels of testing - Answer (click here)
   2. Unit test - Answer (click here)
   3. Unit test planning - Answer (click here)
   4. Designing the unit tests - Answer (click here)
   5. The class as a testable unit - Answer (click here)
   6. The test harness - Answer (click here)
   7. Running the unit tests and recording results - Answer (click here)
   8. Integration tests - Answer (click here)
   9. Designing integration tests - Answer (click here)
   10. Integration test planning - Answer (click here)
   11. System test - The different types - Answer (click here)
   12. Regression testing - Answer (click here)
   13. Alpha, beta and acceptance tests - Answer (click here)

   TEST AMANAGEMENT

   1. People and organizational issues in testing - Answer (click here)
   2. Organization structures for testing teams - Answer (click here)
   3. Test planning - Answer (click here)
   4. Test plan components - Answer (click here)
   5. Test plan attachments - Answer (click here)
   6. Locating test items - Answer (click here)
   7. Reporting test results - Answer (click here)
   8. The role of three groups in test planning and policy development - Answer (click here)
   9. Process and the engineering disciplines - Answer (click here)
   10. Introducing the test specialist - Answer (click here)
   11. Skills needed by a test specialist - Answer (click here)
   12. Building a testing group - Answer (click here)
   13. Defining terms - Controlling and Monitoring - Answer (click here)

   TEST AUTOMATION

   1. Measurements and milestones for controlling and monitoring - Answer (click here)
   2. Status meetings -Reports and control issues - Answer (click here)
   3. Criteria for test completion - Answer (click here)
   4. SCM - Answer (click here)
   5. Review program - Answer (click here)
   6. Types of Reviews - Answer (click here)
   7. Components of review plans - Answer (click here)
   8. Reporting review results - Answer (click here)
   Subject : Cryptography and Network Security

   Part 1

   1. Cryptography and Network Security - Introduction - Answer (click here)
   2. The OSI Security Architecture - Answer (click here)
   3. Classical CryptoSystems - Answer (click here)
   4. Classical Encryption Techniques - Answer (click here)
   5. Linear Feedback Shift Register (LFSR) - Answer (click here)
   6. Introduction to Number Theory - Answer (click here)
   7. Finite Fields - Answer (click here)

   Part 2

   1. Simplified Data Encryption Standard (S-DES) - Answer (click here)
   2. Block Cipher Principles - Answer (click here)
   3. Multiple Encryption & DES - Answer (click here)
   4. Modes of Operation - Answer (click here)
   5. Stream Ciphers - Answer (click here)
   6. RC4 - Answer (click here)
   7. Principles of Public Key Cryptography - Answer (click here)
   8. RSA Algorithm - Answer (click here)

   Part 3

   1. Diffie-Hellman Key Exchange - Answer (click here)
   2. Elliptic Curve Cryptography - Answer (click here)
   3. Hash Functions - Answer (click here)
   4. Simple Hash Functions - Answer (click here)
   5. Birthday Attacks - Answer (click here)
   6. Security of Hash Functions and Macs - Answer (click here)
   7. Secure Hash Algorithm - Answer (click here)
   8. Digital Signatures - Answer (click here)
   9. Direct Digital Signatures - Answer (click here)
   10. Digital Signature Algorithm(DSA) - Answer (click here)

   Part 4

   1. Authentication Applications - Answer (click here)
   2. Kerbero V4 Authentication Dialogue Message Exchange - Answer (click here)
   3. X.509 Certificates - Answer (click here)
   4. Authentication Procedures - Answer (click here)
   5. Electronic Mail Security - Answer (click here)
   6. Public-Key Management - Answer (click here)
   7. S/MIME - Answer (click here)
   8. S/MIME Functionality and Messages - Answer (click here)

   Part 5

   1. Intruders - Answer (click here)
   2. Intrusion Detection - Answer (click here)
   3. Password Management - Answer (click here)
   4. Firewalls: design principles, characteristics, Limitations, Types - Answer (click here)
   5. Firewall configurations - Answer (click here)
   6. Trusted systems - Answer (click here)
   7. Viruses And Related Threats - Answer (click here)
   8. Types of Network Viruses - Answer (click here)
   9. Network Virus Countermeasures - Answer (click here)

   CRYPTOGRAPHY AND NETWORK SECURITY PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE by William Stallings

   Chapter 1 Overview

   1. Concepts and Definition of Computer Security - Answer (click here)
   2. The Challenges of Computer Security - Answer (click here)
   3. The OSI Security Architecture - Answer (click here)
   4. Security Attacks: Passive and Active Attacks - Answer (click here)
   5. Security Services - Answer (click here)
   6. Security Mechanisms - Answer (click here)
   7. A Model For Network Security - Answer (click here)
   8. Classical Encryption Techniques - Answer (click here)

   PART ONE SYMMETRIC CIPHERS

   Chapter 2 Classical Encryption Techniques

   1. Symmetric Cipher Model - Answer (click here)
   2. Substitution Techniques - Answer (click here)
   3. Transposition Techniques - Answer (click here)
   4. Rotor Machines - Answer (click here)
   5. Steganography - Answer (click here)

   Chapter 3 Block Ciphers and the Data Encryption Standard

   1. Block Ciphers and the Data Encryption Standard - Answer (click here)
   2. Block Cipher Principles - Answer (click here)
   3. The Data Encryption Standard - Answer (click here)
   4. A DES(Data Encryption Standard) Example - Answer (click here)
   5. The Strength of DES(Data Encryption Standard) - Answer (click here)
   6. Differential and Linear Cryptanalysis - Answer (click here)
   7. Block Cipher Design Principles - Answer (click here)

   Chapter 4 Basic Concepts in Number Theory and Finite Fields

   1. Basic Concepts in Number Theory and Finite Fields - Answer (click here)
   2. Divisibility and the Division Algorithm - Answer (click here)
   3. The Euclidean Algorithm - Answer (click here)
   4. Modular Arithmetic - Answer (click here)
   5. Groups, Rings, and Fields - Answer (click here)
   6. Finite Fields Of The Form GF(p) - Answer (click here)
   7. Polynomial Arithmetic - Answer (click here)
   8. Finite Fields of the Form GF(2n) - Answer (click here)

   Chapter 5 Advanced Encryption Standard

   1. Advanced Encryption Standard(AES) - Answer (click here)
   2. Finite Field Arithmetic - Answer (click here)
   3. AES(Advanced Encryption Standard) Structure - Answer (click here)
   4. Advanced Encryption Standard(AES) Transformation Functions - Answer (click here)
   5. AES Key Expansion - Answer (click here)
   6. An Advanced Encryption Standard(AES) Example - Answer (click here)
   7. AES(Advanced Encryption Standard) Implementation - Answer (click here)

   Chapter 6 Block Cipher Operation

   1. Block Cipher Operation - Answer (click here)
   2. Multiple Encryption and Triple DES(Data Encryption Standard) - Answer (click here)
   3. Electronic Code Book - Answer (click here)
   4. Cipher Block Chaining(CBC) Mode - Answer (click here)
   5. Cipher Feedback Mode - Answer (click here)
   6. Output Feedback Mode - Answer (click here)
   7. Counter Mode - Answer (click here)
   8. XTS-AES Mode For Block-Oriented Storage Devices - Answer (click here)

   Chapter 7 Pseudorandom Number Generation and Stream Ciphers

   1. Pseudorandom Number Generation and Stream Ciphers - Answer (click here)
   2. Principles of Pseudorandom Number Generation - Answer (click here)
   3. Pseudorandom Number Generators - Answer (click here)
   4. Pseudorandom Number Generation Using a Block Cipher - Answer (click here)
   5. Stream Ciphers - Answer (click here)
   6. RC4 - Answer (click here)
   7. True Random Number Generators - Answer (click here)

   PART TWO ASYMMETRIC CIPHERS

   Chapter 8 More Number Theory

   1. Introduction to Number Theory - Answer (click here)
   2. Prime Numbers - Answer (click here)
   3. Fermat’s And Euler’s Theorems - Answer (click here)
   4. Testing for Primality - Answer (click here)
   5. The Chinese Remainder Theorem - Answer (click here)
   6. Discrete Logarithms - Answer (click here)

   Chapter 9 Public Key Cryptography and RSA

   1. Public-Key Cryptography and RSA - Answer (click here)
   2. Principles of Public-Key Cryptosystems and its Applications, Requirements, Cryptanalysis - Answer (click here)
   3. The RSA Algorithm - Answer (click here)
   4. Description of the RSA Algorithm - Answer (click here)
   5. The Security of RSA - Answer (click here)

   Chapter 10 Other Public Key Cryptosystems

   1. Other Public-Key Cryptosystems - Answer (click here)
   2. Diffie-Hellman Key Exchange - Answer (click here)
   3. Elgamal Cryptographic System - Answer (click here)
   4. Elliptic Curve Arithmetic - Answer (click here)
   5. Elliptic Curve Cryptography - Answer (click here)
   6. Pseudorandom Number Generation Based on an Asymmetric Cipher - Answer (click here)

   PART THREE CRYPTOGRAPHIC DATA INTEGRITY ALGORITHMS

   Chapter 11 Cryptographic Hash Functions

   1. Cryptographic Hash Functions - Answer (click here)
   2. Applications of Cryptographic Hash Functions - Answer (click here)
   3. Two Simple Hash Functions - Answer (click here)
   4. Requirements and Security - Answer (click here)
   5. Hash Functions Based on Cipher Block Chaining - Answer (click here)
   6. Secure Hash Algorithm (SHA) - Answer (click here)
   7. SHA-3 - Answer (click here)

   Chapter 12 Message Authentication Codes

   1. Message Authentication Codes - Answer (click here)
   2. Message Authentication Requirements - Answer (click here)
   3. Message Authentication Functions - Answer (click here)
   4. Requirements For Message Authentication Codes - Answer (click here)
   5. Security of MACS - Answer (click here)
   6. MACS Based on Hash Functions: HMAC - Answer (click here)
   7. MACS Based on Block Ciphers: DAA And CMAC - Answer (click here)
   8. Authenticated Encryption: CCM and GCM - Answer (click here)
   9. Pseudorandom Number Generation Using Hash Functions and MACS - Answer (click here)

   Chapter 13 Digital Signatures

   1. Digital Signatures - Answer (click here)
   2. Digital Signatures: Properties, Attacks and Forgeries - Answer (click here)
   3. ELGAMAL Digital Signature Scheme - Answer (click here)
   4. Schnorr Digital Signature Scheme - Answer (click here)
   5. Digital Signature Standard - Answer (click here)

   PART FOUR MUTUAL TRUST

   Chapter 14 Key Management and Distribution

   1. Key Management and Distribution - Answer (click here)
   2. Symmetric Key Distribution Using Symmetric Encryption - Answer (click here)
   3. Symmetric Key Distribution Using Asymmetric Encryption - Answer (click here)
   4. Distribution of Public Keys - Answer (click here)
   5. X.509 Certificates - Answer (click here)
   6. Public-Key Infrastructure - Answer (click here)

   Chapter 15 User Authentication Protocols

   1. User Authentication - Answer (click here)
   2. Remote User-Authentication Principles - Answer (click here)
   3. Remote User-Authentication Using Symmetric Encryption - Answer (click here)
   4. Kerberos - Answer (click here)
   5. Remote User Authentication Using Asymmetric Encryption - Answer (click here)
   6. Federated Identity Management - Answer (click here)

   PART FIVE NETWORK AND INTERNET SECURITY

   Chapter 16 Transport Level Security

   1. Transport-Level Security - Answer (click here)
   2. Web Security Considerations - Answer (click here)
   3. Secure Socket Layer and Transport Layer Security - Answer (click here)
   4. Transport Layer Security - Answer (click here)
   5. HTTPS - Answer (click here)
   6. Secure Shell (SSH) - Answer (click here)

   Chapter 17 Wireless Network Security

   1. Wireless Network Security - Answer (click here)
   2. IEEE 802.11 Wireless LAN Overview: Wi-Fi Alliance, Protocol Architecture, Network Components - Answer (click here)
   3. IEEE 802.11i Wireless LAN Security - Answer (click here)
   4. Wireless Application Protocol Overview - Answer (click here)
   5. Wireless Transport Layer Security - Answer (click here)
   6. WAP End-to-End Security - Answer (click here)

   Chapter 18 Electronic Mail Security

   1. Electronic Mail Security - Answer (click here)
   2. Pretty Good Privacy - Answer (click here)
   3. S/MIME - Answer (click here)
   4. DomainKeys Identified Mail - Answer (click here)

   Chapter 19 IP Security

   1. IP Security(IPsec) - Answer (click here)
   2. IP Security Overview - Answer (click here)
   3. IP Security Policy - Answer (click here)
   4. Encapsulating Security Payload - Answer (click here)
   5. Combining Security Associations - Answer (click here)
   6. Internet Key Exchange - Answer (click here)
   7. Cryptographic Suites - Answer (click here)

   PART SIX SYSTEM SECURITY

   Chapter 20 Intruders

   1. Intruders - Answer (click here)
   2. Intruders: Behavior Patterns and Techniques - Answer (click here)
   3. Intrusion Detection - Answer (click here)
   4. Password Management - Answer (click here)

   Chapter 21 Malicious Software

   1. Malicious Software - Answer (click here)
   2. Types of Malicious Software - Answer (click here)
   3. Computer Viruses: Nature, Classification, Virus Kits - Answer (click here)
   4. Computer Virus Countermeasures - Answer (click here)
   5. Computer or Network Worms - Answer (click here)
   6. Distributed Denial of Service Attacks - Answer (click here)
   7. Firewalls - Answer (click here)

   Chapter 22 Firewalls

   1. The Need for Firewalls - Answer (click here)
   2. Firewall Characteristics and limitations - Answer (click here)
   3. Types of Firewalls - Answer (click here)
   4. Firewall Basing - Answer (click here)
   5. Firewall Location and Configurations - Answer (click here)

   PART SEVEN LEGAL AND ETHICAL ISSUES

   Chapter 23 Legal and Ethical Issues

   1. Legal And Ethical Aspects - Answer (click here)
   2. Cybercrime and Computer Crime - Answer (click here)
   3. Types of Computer Crime - Answer (click here)
   4. Intellectual Property - Answer (click here)
   5. Network and Computer Privacy - Answer (click here)
   6. Ethical Issues - Network or Computer - Answer (click here)
   Subject : Grid and Cloud Computing

   INTRODUCTION

   GRID SERVICES

   VIRTUALIZATION

   PROGRAMMING MODEL

   SECURITY

   Distributed and Cloud Computing From Parallel Processing to the Internet of Things by Kai Hwang Geoffrey C Fox Jack J Dongarra

   Distributed System Models and Enabling Technologies

   1. Scalable Computing Over the Internet - Answer (click here)
   2. Technologies for Network-Based Systems - Answer (click here)
   3. System Models for Distributed and Cloud Computing - Answer (click here)
   4. Software Environments for Distributed Systems and Clouds - Answer (click here)
   5. Performance, Security, and Energy Efficiency - Answer (click here)

   Computer Clusters for Scalable Parallel Computing

   1. Clustering for Massive Parallelism - Answer (click here)
   2. Computer Clusters and MPP Architectures - Answer (click here)
   3. Design Principles of Computer Clusters - Answer (click here)
   4. Single-System Image Features - Answer (click here)
   5. High Availability through Redundancy - Answer (click here)
   6. Fault-Tolerant Cluster Configurations - Answer (click here)
   7. Checkpointing and Recovery Techniques - Answer (click here)
   8. Cluster Job and Resource Management - Answer (click here)
   9. Cluster Job Scheduling Methods - Answer (click here)
   10. Cluster Job Management Systems - Answer (click here)
   11. Load Sharing Facility (LSF) for Cluster Computing - Answer (click here)
   12. MOSIX: An OS for Linux Clusters and Clouds - Answer (click here)
   13. Case Studies of Top Supercomputer Systems - Answer (click here)

   Virtual Machines and Virtualization of Clusters and Data Centers

   1. Implementation Levels of Virtualization - Answer (click here)
   2. Levels of Virtualization Implementation - Answer (click here)
   3. VMM Design Requirements and Providers - Answer (click here)
   4. Virtualization Support at the OS Level - Answer (click here)
   5. Middleware Support for Virtualization - Answer (click here)
   6. Virtualization Structures/Tools and Mechanisms - Answer (click here)
   7. Hypervisor and Xen Architecture - Answer (click here)
   8. Binary Translation with Full Virtualization - Answer (click here)
   9. Para-Virtualization with Compiler Support - Answer (click here)
   10. Virtualization of CPU, Memory, and I/O Devices - Answer (click here)
   11. Hardware Support for Virtualization - Answer (click here)
   12. CPU Virtualization - Answer (click here)
   13. Memory Virtualization - Answer (click here)
   14. I/O Virtualization - Answer (click here)
   15. Virtualization in Multi-Core Processors - Answer (click here)
   16. Virtual Clusters and Resource Management - Answer (click here)
   17. Physical versus Virtual Clusters - Answer (click here)
   18. Live VM Migration Steps and Performance Effects - Answer (click here)
   19. Migration of Memory, Files, and Network Resources - Answer (click here)
   20. Dynamic Deployment of Virtual Clusters - Answer (click here)
   21. Virtualization for Data-Center Automation - Answer (click here)
   22. Server Consolidation in Data Centers - Answer (click here)
   23. Virtual Storage Management - Answer (click here)
   24. Cloud OS for Virtualized Data Centers - Answer (click here)
   25. Trust Management in Virtualized Data Centers - Answer (click here)
   Subject : Resource Management Techniques

   LINEAR PROGRAMMING

   1. What Is Operations Research? - Answer (click here)
   2. Operations Research Models - Answer (click here)
   3. Solving The OR Model - Answer (click here)
   4. Queuing and Simulation Models - Answer (click here)
   5. Art of Modeling - Answer (click here)
   6. More than Just Mathematics - Answer (click here)
   7. Phases of an OR Study - Answer (click here)
   8. Modeling with Linear Programming - Answer (click here)
   9. Two-Variable LP Model - Answer (click here)
   10. Graphical LP Solution: Solution of a Maximization Model - Answer (click here)
   11. Graphical LP Solution: Solution of a Minimization Model - Answer (click here)
   12. Selected LP Applications: Urban planning - Answer (click here)
   13. Selected LP Applications: Currency Arbitrage - Answer (click here)
   14. Selected LP Applications: Investment - Answer (click here)
   15. Selected LP Applications: Production Planning and Inventory Control - Answer (click here)
   16. Selected LP Applications: Blending and Refining - Answer (click here)
   17. Selected LP Applications: Manpower Planning - Answer (click here)
   18. Selected LP Applications: Additional Applications - Answer (click here)
   19. Computer Solution With Solver and AMPL - Answer (click here)
   20. The Simplex Method and Sensitivity Analysis - Answer (click here)
   21. LP Model in Equation Form - Answer (click here)
   22. Transition from Graphical to Algebraic Solution - Answer (click here)
   23. The Simplex Method - Answer (click here)
   24. Artificial Starting Solution: M-Method and Two-Phase Method - Answer (click here)
   25. Special Cases in the Simplex Method - Answer (click here)
   26. Graphical Sensitivity Analysis - Answer (click here)
   27. Algebraic Sensitivity Analysis-Changes in the Right-Hand Side - Answer (click here)
   28. Algebraic Sensitivity Analysis-objective Function - Answer (click here)
   29. Sensitivity Analysis with TORA, Solver, and AMPL - Answer (click here)

   DUALITY AND NETWORKS

   1. Duality and Post-Optimal Analysis - Answer (click here)
   2. Definition of the Dual Problem - Answer (click here)
   3. Primal-Dual Relationships - Answer (click here)
   4. Economic Interpretation of Duality - Answer (click here)
   5. Additional Simplex Algorithms: Dual Simplex Method and Generalized Simplex Algorithm - Answer (click here)
   6. Post-Optimal Analysis - Answer (click here)
   7. Transportation Model and its Variants - Answer (click here)
   8. Definition of the Transportation Model - Answer (click here)
   9. Nontraditional Transportation Models - Answer (click here)
   10. The Transportation Algorithm - Answer (click here)
   11. The Assignment Model and The Hungarian Method - Answer (click here)
   12. Transshipment Model - Answer (click here)
   13. Network Models - Answer (click here)
   14. Scope and Definition of Network Models - Answer (click here)
   15. Minimal Spanning Tree Algorithm - Answer (click here)
   16. Examples of the Shortest-Route Applications or Problem - Answer (click here)
   17. Shortest-Route Algorithms - Answer (click here)
   18. Linear Programming Formulation of the Shortest-Route Problem - Answer (click here)
   19. Maximal flow model - Answer (click here)
   20. CPM (Critical Path Method) and PERT (Program Evaluation and Review Technique) - Answer (click here)
   21. CPM AND PERT: Network Representation - Answer (click here)
   22. CPM AND PERT: Critical Path (CPM) Computations - Answer (click here)
   23. CPM AND PERT: Construction of the Time Schedule - Answer (click here)
   24. CPM AND PERT: linear Programming Formulation of CPM - Answer (click here)
   25. CPM AND PERT: PERT Networks - Answer (click here)

   INTEGER PROGRAMMING

   1. Integer Linear Programming - Answer (click here)
   2. Capital Budgeting- Integer Linear Programming Illustrative Applications - Answer (click here)
   3. Set Covering Problem- Integer Linear Programming Illustrative Applications - Answer (click here)
   4. Fixed Charge Problem- Integer Linear Programming Illustrative Applications - Answer (click here)
   5. Either Or and If Then Constraints- Integer Linear Programming Illustrative Applications - Answer (click here)
   6. Integer Programming Algorithms - Answer (click here)
   7. Branch-and-Bound (B&B) Algorithm - Answer (click here)
   8. Cutting-Plane Algorithm - Answer (click here)
   9. Computational Considerations in ILP - Answer (click here)
   10. Traveling Salesperson Problem (TSP) - Answer (click here)
   11. Heuristic Algorithms: nearest neighbor and subtour reversal algorithms - Traveling Salesperson Problem (TSP) - Answer (click here)
   12. B&B Solution Algorithm - Traveling Salesperson Problem (TSP) - Answer (click here)
   13. Cutting Plane Algorithm - Traveling Salesperson Problem (TSP) - Answer (click here)
   14. Deterministic Dynamic Programming - Answer (click here)
   15. Recursive Nature of Computations in DP(Dynamic Programming) - Answer (click here)
   16. Forward and Backward Recursion- Dynamic Programming - Answer (click here)
   17. Selected Dynamic Programming(DP) Applications - Answer (click here)
   18. Knapsack/Fly-Away/Cargo Loading Model- Dynamic Programming(DP) Applications - Answer (click here)
   19. Work Force Size Model- Dynamic Programming(DP) Applications - Answer (click here)
   20. Equipment Replacement Model- Dynamic Programming(DP) Applications - Answer (click here)
   21. Investment Model- Dynamic Programming(DP) Applications - Answer (click here)
   22. Problem of Dimensionality- Dynamic Programming - Answer (click here)

   CLASSICAL OPTIMISATION THEORY

   1. Classical Optimization Theory - Answer (click here)
   2. Unconstrained Problems -Classical Optimization Theory - Answer (click here)
   3. Necessary and Sufficient Conditions -Unconstrained Problems - Answer (click here)
   4. Newton Raphson Method -Unconstrained Problems - Answer (click here)
   5. Constrained Problems: Equality Constraints - Answer (click here)
   6. Inequality Constraints-Karush-Kuhn-Tucker (KKT) Conditions - Answer (click here)

   OBJECT SCHEDULING

   Operations Research An Introduction by Hamdy A Taha

   Chapter 1 What Is Operations Research

   1. What Is Operations Research? - Answer (click here)
   2. Operations Research Models - Answer (click here)
   3. Solving The OR Model - Answer (click here)
   4. Queuing and Simulation Models - Answer (click here)
   5. Art of Modeling - Answer (click here)
   6. More than Just Mathematics - Answer (click here)
   7. Phases of an OR Study - Answer (click here)

   Chapter 2 Modeling with Linear Programming

   1. Modeling with Linear Programming - Answer (click here)
   2. Two-Variable LP Model - Answer (click here)
   3. Graphical LP Solution: Solution of a Maximization Model - Answer (click here)
   4. Graphical LP Solution: Solution of a Minimization Model - Answer (click here)
   5. Selected LP Applications: Urban planning - Answer (click here)
   6. Selected LP Applications: Currency Arbitrage - Answer (click here)
   7. Selected LP Applications: Investment - Answer (click here)
   8. Selected LP Applications: Production Planning and Inventory Control - Answer (click here)
   9. Selected LP Applications: Blending and Refining - Answer (click here)
   10. Selected LP Applications: Manpower Planning - Answer (click here)
   11. Selected LP Applications: Additional Applications - Answer (click here)
   12. Computer Solution With Solver and AMPL - Answer (click here)

   Chapter 3 The Simplex Method and Sensitivity Analysis

   1. The Simplex Method and Sensitivity Analysis - Answer (click here)
   2. LP Model in Equation Form - Answer (click here)
   3. Transition from Graphical to Algebraic Solution - Answer (click here)
   4. The Simplex Method - Answer (click here)
   5. Artificial Starting Solution: M-Method and Two-Phase Method - Answer (click here)
   6. Special Cases in the Simplex Method - Answer (click here)
   7. Graphical Sensitivity Analysis - Answer (click here)
   8. Algebraic Sensitivity Analysis-Changes in the Right-Hand Side - Answer (click here)
   9. Algebraic Sensitivity Analysis-objective Function - Answer (click here)
   10. Sensitivity Analysis with TORA, Solver, and AMPL - Answer (click here)

   Chapter 4 Duality and Post Optimal Analysis

   1. Duality and Post-Optimal Analysis - Answer (click here)
   2. Definition of the Dual Problem - Answer (click here)
   3. Primal-Dual Relationships - Answer (click here)
   4. Economic Interpretation of Duality - Answer (click here)
   5. Additional Simplex Algorithms: Dual Simplex Method and Generalized Simplex Algorithm - Answer (click here)
   6. Post-Optimal Analysis - Answer (click here)

   Chapter 5 Transportation Model and Its Variants

   1. Transportation Model and its Variants - Answer (click here)
   2. Definition of the Transportation Model - Answer (click here)
   3. Nontraditional Transportation Models - Answer (click here)
   4. The Transportation Algorithm - Answer (click here)
   5. The Assignment Model and The Hungarian Method - Answer (click here)
   6. Transshipment Model - Answer (click here)

   Chapter 6 Network Models

   1. Network Models - Answer (click here)
   2. Scope and Definition of Network Models - Answer (click here)
   3. Minimal Spanning Tree Algorithm - Answer (click here)
   4. Examples of the Shortest-Route Applications or Problem - Answer (click here)
   5. Shortest-Route Algorithms - Answer (click here)
   6. Linear Programming Formulation of the Shortest-Route Problem - Answer (click here)
   7. Maximal flow model - Answer (click here)
   8. CPM (Critical Path Method) and PERT (Program Evaluation and Review Technique) - Answer (click here)
   9. CPM AND PERT: Network Representation - Answer (click here)
   10. CPM AND PERT: Critical Path (CPM) Computations - Answer (click here)
   11. CPM AND PERT: Construction of the Time Schedule - Answer (click here)
   12. CPM AND PERT: linear Programming Formulation of CPM - Answer (click here)
   13. CPM AND PERT: PERT Networks - Answer (click here)

   Chapter 9 Integer Linear Programming

   1. Integer Linear Programming - Answer (click here)
   2. Capital Budgeting- Integer Linear Programming Illustrative Applications - Answer (click here)
   3. Set Covering Problem- Integer Linear Programming Illustrative Applications - Answer (click here)
   4. Fixed Charge Problem- Integer Linear Programming Illustrative Applications - Answer (click here)
   5. Either Or and If Then Constraints- Integer Linear Programming Illustrative Applications - Answer (click here)
   6. Integer Programming Algorithms - Answer (click here)
   7. Branch-and-Bound (B&B) Algorithm - Answer (click here)
   8. Cutting-Plane Algorithm - Answer (click here)
   9. Computational Considerations in ILP - Answer (click here)
   10. Traveling Salesperson Problem (TSP) - Answer (click here)
   11. Heuristic Algorithms: nearest neighbor and subtour reversal algorithms - Traveling Salesperson Problem (TSP) - Answer (click here)
   12. B&B Solution Algorithm - Traveling Salesperson Problem (TSP) - Answer (click here)
   13. Cutting Plane Algorithm - Traveling Salesperson Problem (TSP) - Answer (click here)

   Chapter 10 Deterministic Dynamic Programming

   1. Deterministic Dynamic Programming - Answer (click here)
   2. Recursive Nature of Computations in DP(Dynamic Programming) - Answer (click here)
   3. Forward and Backward Recursion- Dynamic Programming - Answer (click here)
   4. Selected Dynamic Programming(DP) Applications - Answer (click here)
   5. Knapsack/Fly-Away/Cargo Loading Model- Dynamic Programming(DP) Applications - Answer (click here)
   6. Work Force Size Model- Dynamic Programming(DP) Applications - Answer (click here)
   7. Equipment Replacement Model- Dynamic Programming(DP) Applications - Answer (click here)
   8. Investment Model- Dynamic Programming(DP) Applications - Answer (click here)
   9. Problem of Dimensionality- Dynamic Programming - Answer (click here)

   Chapter 18 Classical Optimization Theory

   1. Classical Optimization Theory - Answer (click here)
   2. Unconstrained Problems -Classical Optimization Theory - Answer (click here)
   3. Necessary and Sufficient Conditions -Unconstrained Problems - Answer (click here)
   4. Newton Raphson Method -Unconstrained Problems - Answer (click here)
   5. Constrained Problems: Equality Constraints - Answer (click here)
   6. Inequality Constraints-Karush-Kuhn-Tucker (KKT) Conditions - Answer (click here)