Embedded Systems Design
- Lecture Notes, Study Materials and Important questions answers

Subject : Embedded Systems Design

TEXT BOOK Embedded Systems Design Second edition by Steve Heath

1 What is an embedded system

1. What is an embedded system? - Answer (click here)
2. Inside the embedded system - Answer (click here)

2 Embedded processors

1. Embedded processors - Answer (click here)
2. 8 bit accumulator processors - Answer (click here)
3. Example 8 bit architectures: Z80, Z80 programming model, MC6800 - Answer (click here)
4. Microcontrollers: MC68HC05, MC68HC11 - Architecture - Answer (click here)
5. Data processors: Complex instructions, microcode and nanocode - Answer (click here)
6. INTEL 80286 - Answer (click here)
7. INTEL 80386DX - Answer (click here)
8. INTEL 80486 - Answer (click here)
9. Intel Pentium - Answer (click here)
10. Motorola MC68000 and its hardware - Answer (click here)
11. Motorola MC68020 - Answer (click here)
12. Motorola MC68030 - Answer (click here)
13. The MC68040 - Answer (click here)
14. Integrated processors - Answer (click here)
15. RISC processors - Answer (click here)
16. The Berkeley RISC model - Answer (click here)
17. Sun SPARC RISC processor - Answer (click here)
18. The Stanford RISC model - Answer (click here)
19. The MPC603 block diagram - Answer (click here)
20. The ARM RISC architecture - Answer (click here)
21. Digital signal processors - Answer (click here)
22. DSP basic architecture - Answer (click here)
23. Choosing a processor - Answer (click here)

3 Memory systems

1. Memory systems and Memory technologies - Answer (click here)

4 Basic peripherals

1. Parallel ports - Answer (click here)
2. Timer/counters - Answer (click here)
3. 8253 timer modes - Answer (click here)
4. MC68230 modes - Answer (click here)
5. Timer processors - Answer (click here)
6. Real-time clocks - Answer (click here)
7. Serial ports - Answer (click here)
8. Serial peripheral interface - Answer (click here)
9. I2C bus - Answer (click here)
10. What is an RS232 serial port? - Answer (click here)
11. Asynchronous flow control - Answer (click here)
12. UART implementations - Answer (click here)
13. DMA controllers - Answer (click here)
14. A generic DMA controller - Answer (click here)
15. DMA controller models - Answer (click here)
16. Channels and control blocks - Answer (click here)
17. Sharing bus bandwidth - Answer (click here)
18. DMA implementations - Answer (click here)

5 Interfacing to the analogue world

1. Analogue to digital conversion techniques - Answer (click here)
2. Sample rates and size: Irregular sampling errors, Nyquist’s theorem - Answer (click here)
3. Codecs: Linear, A-law and Inf-law, DPCM and ADPCM - Answer (click here)
4. Power control in Interfacing to the analogue - Answer (click here)

6 Interrupts and exceptions

1. What is an interrupt? - Answer (click here)
2. Interrupt sources - Answer (click here)
3. Recognising an interrupt - Answer (click here)
4. The interrupt mechanism - Answer (click here)
5. MC68000 interrupts - Answer (click here)
6. RISC exceptions - Answer (click here)
7. Fast interrupts - Answer (click here)
8. Interrupt controllers - Answer (click here)
9. Instruction restart and continuation - Answer (click here)
10. Interrupt latency - Answer (click here)
11. Do’s and Don’ts - Interrupts and exceptions - Answer (click here)

7 Real

1. What are operating systems? - Answer (click here)
2. Operating system internals - Answer (click here)
3. Multitasking operating systems - Answer (click here)
4. What is a real-time operating system? - Answer (click here)
5. Task swapping methods - Answer (click here)
6. Scheduler algorithms - Answer (click here)
7. Priority inversion - Answer (click here)
8. Tasks, threads and processes - Answer (click here)
9. Exceptions - Answer (click here)
10. Memory model - Answer (click here)
11. Memory management address translation - Answer (click here)
12. Choosing an operating system - Answer (click here)
13. Commercial operating systems - Answer (click here)
14. Windows NT characteristics - Answer (click here)
15. Resource protection - Answer (click here)
16. Linux - Answer (click here)
17. Disk partitioning - Answer (click here)
18. The Linux disk partitioning - Answer (click here)
19. Linux software structure, Physical and Memory management - Answer (click here)
20. Linux limitations - Answer (click here)
21. eLinux - Answer (click here)

8 Writing software for embedded systems

1. Writing software for embedded systems - Answer (click here)
2. The compilation process - Answer (click here)
3. Native versus cross-compilers - Answer (click here)
4. Run-time libraries - Answer (click here)
5. Writing a library - Answer (click here)
6. Using alternative libraries - Answer (click here)
7. Using a standard library - Answer (click here)
8. Porting kernels - Answer (click here)
9. C extensions for embedded systems - Answer (click here)
10. Downloading- Writing software for embedded systems - Answer (click here)

9 Emulation and debugging techniques

1. Debugging techniques - Answer (click here)
2. High level language simulation - Answer (click here)
3. Low level simulation - Answer (click here)
4. Onboard debugger - Answer (click here)
5. Task level debugging - Answer (click here)
6. Symbolic debug - Answer (click here)
7. Emulation - Answer (click here)
8. Optimisation problems in Emulation techniques - Answer (click here)
9. Xray - Emulation technique - Answer (click here)
10. The role of the development system: Floating point and memory management functions - Answer (click here)
11. Emulation techniques: BDM, OnCE, JTAG - Answer (click here)

10 Buffering and other data structures

1. What is a buffer? - Answer (click here)
2. Linear buffers - Answer (click here)
3. Directional buffers - Answer (click here)
4. Double buffering - Answer (click here)
5. Buffer exchange - Answer (click here)
6. Linked lists - Buffering - Answer (click here)
7. FIFOs and Circular buffers - Answer (click here)
8. Buffer underrun and overrun - Answer (click here)
9. Allocating buffer memory - Answer (click here)
10. Memory leakage in Buffering - Answer (click here)

11 Memory and performance trade

1. The effect of memory wait states - Answer (click here)
2. Single cycle processor with large external memory - Answer (click here)
3. Reducing the cost of memory access - Answer (click here)

12 Software examples

1. Benchmark example - Embedded Systems - Answer (click here)
2. Creating software state machines - Answer (click here)

13 Design examples

1. Burglar alarm system - Answer (click here)
2. Burglar alarm system - Answer (click here)

14 Real time without a RTOS

1. Choosing the software environment - Answer (click here)
2. Deriving real-time performance from a non-real-time system - Answer (click here)
3. Scheduling the data sampling - Answer (click here)
4. Sampling the data- Real-time without a RTOS - Answer (click here)
5. Controlling from an external switch - Answer (click here)
6. Problems- Real-time without a RTOS - Answer (click here)
7. Program listing- Real-time without a RTOS - Answer (click here)